The Syracuse Journal, Volume 28, Number 43, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 20 February 1936 — Page 2

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BRISBANE THIS WEEK Newspapers Are Useful A Leisure Class, Also A Real American Offense and Defense The Supreme court says: “The free i i press stands as

one of the great Interpreters between the government and the people. To let it be fettered Is to fetter ourselves." Certainly; the newspaper Is to a nation what speech is to an individual, and It is to the crowd what a looking glass Is to the Individual. History will judge a people by its newspapers. Rs laws, Its thea-

0 Anhar Brisbane

ters, and lb will have reason to criticise ua. Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan. repeating what Aristotle said before him, said civilization needs a leisure class, and defined as the "leisure class’* those that keep a hired girl Mrs? Franklin D. Roosevelt, thoughtful and wise, improves that definition; a leisure claas for her is made up of individuals that “have sufficient economic security and sufficient leisure to find opportunity for a variety of satisfactions In life.” Charles Fourier., French philosopher, said It long ago. and elaborately. Henry Ford said it well, advocating a short work week, with two days off, that men might have time to spend pleasantly the earnings of five days. ' Ail that will come, ami more. In the past men worked too hard, while paid and fed too little, and never dreamed of Mrs. Roosevelt’s “varied satisfactions." while the prosperous, as a rule, concentrated too much on foolish satisfactions. All that knew him learn with borrow of the sudden death of Charles Curtis, former Vice President of the United Stales. He was an American, a real one. proud of the red Indian blood In his veins. As a boy he rode horse races well and honestly; as a man. he rode the political race fairly. As Vice President he was content with the position that the American people and Constitution gave him. He would have made a good and loyal President had destiny so willed it The newspaper heading, "Britain is redoubling her defense plans to offset Germany,” should Interest somebody In America. This country is not planning to “offset Germany,** but it has ail Etfiupe. including Russia and all plans” and plana Then we shdaM ash'the world to look over our and realize that It would be foolish to Attack. Senator Pittman of Nevada sees Japan shutting us out of China, "even at the risk of war"; says our business men “have been run out of Manchuria already." Japan might reply that her workingmen have been run out of the United States. The map will comfort Senator Pittman. Gigantic Manchukuo, bigger than all of old Japan, leans up against Outer Mongolia and Soviet Russia. Japan will not Invite trouble with those countries, and war with the United States would Invite it If you wonder “where all the tax money goes," read this: "In six months the state of New York paid *801,612 for official automobile expense." And that does not include automobiles for the department of mental hygiene. One official discharged bis chauffeur, paid by taxpayers, accusing him of cheating the state out of *2,000 in one year through dishonest gasoline and repair vouchers. That is almost “a business." > "Charlie" Schwab may be seventy years old, but he still “knows bls way around." The government tried to get *19.654,856 from Schwab’s Bethlehem Steel company, alleging profiteering. Instead of giving the government *19,000,000, the “special master," bearing evidence, says the government roust pay *5,666,154 to Schwab and Bethlehem Steel No wonder Carnegie, who was Scotch, thought a good deal of Schwab. Dr. G. A. Stevenson, "fellow” in the University college of Oxford, suggests to the London Times that the pax Romans (“Roman peace") of ancient times, when Rome ruled the world and would allow no fighting, should be followed now by a pax Britannica ("British peace"), England ruling the world, telling everybody what to do. American Olympic athletes appearing on the field in Germany met with gloomy silence, contrasting with applause for European and Oriental Olympic squads. The Americans, wb<> ? defeated Germany at hockey, score 1 to 0. will survive the silence. Had they been wiser, they .would have stayed at home. A German-Jewish player, Rudi Ball, by the way, was the star hockey player for the Germans. c K!»« FastSraOlcMA Ice. WKPQarvHw ' r M k i A familiar inhabitant of Florida mangrove swamps Is the mangrove or soldier crab, which spends most of its time on land. This crab is a brilliantly colored creature, boasting bright yellow and scarlet legs and a Jet black carapace gaily dotted with white. SwfaauMWg Eagltth Chsnssl The English channel Is only about twenty-one miles wide at its narrow- - M Kse» f Kdb awfclat WjhtgaP * FYM&4F OWIDSIH*®Mb Cliiw*****• -

News Review of Current Events the World Over Norris Urges Congress to Curb Supreme Court—Oratory on Lincoln Day—Death of Charles Curtis— Long Newspaper Tax Invtlid. By EDWARD W. PICKARD g Western Newspaper Union.

SPEAKING In advocacy of the administration's substitute farm bill. Senator Norris, the Independent Republican from Nebraska, scathingly at-

tacked the Supreme court’s AAA decision and urged congress to use its right to curb the cqurt’s power. He argued that the 6 to 3 decision Itself was unconstitutional by the court's own reasoning and shouted “It cannot stand.” “The regulation of agricultural production, they say, is unconstitutional because

Senator Norris

not mentioned in the Constitution," Norris asserted. “Nowhere in that great document is there a syllable, a word, or a sentence giving to any court the right to declare an act of congress unconstitutional. Hence, when the court Indulges in that pastime it is Itself violating the Constitution according to Its own words.” Norris quoted from the majority opinion of the Supreme court holding that the regulation and control of agricultural production was a local affair reserved to the states and beyond the power of congress. Under that decision, he declared, not only the pending bill but “a large portion of the laws which congress has passed during the last hundred years are absolutely unconstitutional." Os the later decision ordering return of processing taxes to the processors, the senator said Secretary Wallace perhaps was too severe in calling It the greatest legalized steal in history, and added: “But it is a gift, the greatest gift since God made salvation free." Norris urged that congress pass a law requiring unanimous decisions by the Supreme court to overrule the acts of the legislative branch of the government LINCOLN day was the occasion for A flood of oratory, largely by Republican opponents of the New Deal. Herbert Hoover spoke at Portland, Ore., on the "State of the Union,” which he said was a state of confusion In thought government economic life and the Ideals of liberty. ’The New Deal," «sid the former President "has been a veritable fountain of tear. The dayafter the New Deal was given life at the election ofTOSZ began the Mihail tear wtrtch created the bank panic of March 4. The stock boom today is not from 'confidence in the future; it is partly from fear of inflation." j In Greensboro, N. C., Senator Dickinson of lowa warmly defended tbe Supreme court as “the only remaining guardian of the liberty of tbe people," and Inveighed against what be said was the New Desl's "planned economy" and Its “attempted bribery of the states” through tbe Invalidated AAA and Its proposed substitute, the soli conservation measure. Senator Vandenberg of Michigan was a speaker In New York city, and like his fellow Republicans he fiercely assailed the administration, terming it the “third party now In power," Among tbe few leading Democrats heard was Secretary, Wallace, who, in Indianapolis, defended the sdminlstrutlon. Referring to the Constitution, he declared that “most of us” thought the agriculture adjustment act was valid, and "some of us. Including three justices of the Supreme court, think so still." He continued concerning the new farm bill: “If It was the proper function of the federal government in wartime to encourage farmers to plow up land which should never have been plowed then it seems to me no less the federal government’s proper function to encourage the return of that land to grass and trees.” CHARLES CURTIS, former Vice President of tbe United States and before that representative and senator from Kansas, died suddenly of

heart disease at tbe Washington home of his brother-in-law and sister, Mr. and Mrs. Edward E. Gann. He was seventy-six years old. and was the first man of Indian blood ever to preside over the senate. Be was one-quarter Naw Indian. his grandmother having been Princess Julle of that tribe who married a French voy-

agent. In his boyhood Curtis was a Jockey, and later a reporter. Having studied law. be became a prosecutor at the age of twenty-four tn Shawnee county. Kansas, and was elected to congress in 1802. He was made senator in 1907, was defeated in 1912. and two years later was again elected senator. He was elected Vice President on the ticket headed by Herbert Hoover, and was renominated for that position In 1932. Mr. Curtis was greatly liked by bls associates In Washington and his death caused genuine grief. President Roosevelt said: “I am deeply distressed to learn of the sudden i&sslng of my old friend. Charles Curtis. Whether they knew him as a senator, as the Vice President of the United States, or as the man he was in his own right, his legion of friends will remember him. always affectionately, and will mourn his passing.** Vice President Garner said: “I was always fond of him. 1 was associated with him in the bouse and senate. He was a One man and a good meca. Funeral services for Mr. Cortis and

r'kNCE again the Supreme court of tbe United States comes to the rescue of a free press. Unanimously tbe nine justices ruled thst the Louisiana law imposing a punitive tax on tbe advertising of the principal newspapers of that state Is unconstitutional. The law was passed by a legislature controlled by the late Senator Huey Long. The court said of It: “It Is bad because, in the light of Its history and of Its present setting, it is seen to be a deliberate and calculated devi<fe in the guise of a tax to limit tbe circulation of information to which the public is entitled in virtue of the constitutional guarantee. “A free press stands as one of the great Interpreters between the government and the people. To allow It to be fettered is to fetter ourselves. “In view of the persistent search for new subjects of taxation, it is not without significance that, with the single exception of the Louisians statute, so far as we can discover, no state during tbe 150 years of our national existence has undertaken to Impose a tax like that now in question. "The form In which the tax is imposed is in itself suspicious. It is not measured or limited by the volume of advertisement It Is measured alone by tbe extent of tbe circulation of the publication in which the advertisements are carried, with the plain purpose of penalizing the publishers and curtailing the circulation of a selected group of newspapers." - - LETTERS have been sent by President Roosevelt to the heads of the Latin-American governments Inviting them to participate in a Pan-American conference, probably in Washington, the purpose of which will be to organise the peace machinery of the western hemisphere. Our State department says the meeting will endeavor to provide means for adjusting internatinonal disputes by peaceful means. The conference may bring up the Monroe Doctrine for a new definition through multilateral endorsement PRESIDENT WILLIAM L. RANSOM of the Americanßar assocation, with .headquarters In Chicago, announced that Newton D. Baker, former secretary of war, Bite I has accepted the ■k chairmanship of the g. association s special committee on co-oper-ation between the - I press, radio and bar I against publicity In•BggjSt® terfering with fair 1^ i trial of judicial and > Jp-1 quasi-judicial proceed.l mgs. The creation of this N. D. Baker gpecla j committee to define standards to be recommended to lawyers, newspapers and radio broadcasters in the matter of publicity as to court trials, said the announcement, is an outcome of the incidents arising in the course of the Bruno Hauptmann trial and various proceedings before governmental boards and bodies, "and It Is hoped that such standards can be made effective through rules of court or through legislation." THE British government looks with disfavor on the proposal, made by Lloyd George and others, that such discontented nations as Germany and Italy be pacified by a redistribution of colonies and mandated territories. James H. Thomas, colonial secretary, told the bouse of commons flatly that “British colonies could not be made the subject of barter in any world conference” and that Great Britain Is not going to hand oyer any colonies or mandates to other countries. The house applauded his statement and adopted this resolution: “This house is opposed to the transfer to any other lands of British colonies or mandated territories, for the welfare, protection, and enlightened government of whose peoples the British nation holds an honorable trust" ACCORDING to the London Dally Herald, a secret decree providing for expulsion of ail Jews from Germany as rabidly as possible has been prepared by Nazi leaders and laid before Chancellor Hitler for his signature. Tbe paper said tbe decree provided for the confiscation of all property of expelled Jews. This story may not be true, but there to no doubt that Hitler and his associates are determined to extirpate all the organizations and groups which they consider In opposition to the Nazi regime, and Hitler himself has declared the Jews are to blame for all the troubles of tbe retch In recent years. Scores of Catholic youth leaders have been arrested, charged with co-operation with illegal Communist groups, and It is predicted their organizations will be dissolved. The campaign Is carried on with great secrecy. It was announced In Berlin that district governors henceforth would take orders from the Gestapo, the secret state police. This was interpreted as an indication of an immediate carrying out of promises by Nazi leaders for more ruthless, more determined action against enemies within tbe reich. PRESIDENT LAZARO CARDENAS of' Mexico went to Monterrey to investigate a stoppage of business and industry in protest against labor troubles attributed to Communists. He issued this ultimatum: “Employers who are fatigued by Mexico’s social activities cannot be

Charles Curtis

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AMERICA’S delegates to the naval conference in London consented to an agreement that would bind this country for five years or more to refrain from building any more cruisers in excess of 8,000 tons tn size. When the news reached Washington there was. immediate and loud protest in congress against what was termed a "colossal blunder.” High ranking navy officials refused to comment officially upon the London agreement, but said privately that any program which does not Include the co-operation of Japan and Germany would be a failure. Any agreement will not affect the navy's present building program, these officials pointed out, and they refused to be alarmed about the prospect of future ’limitations. TRIAL of the assassins of King Alexander of Jugoslavia at Marseilles came to an end at Aix-en-Prov-ence. France, with verdicts of guilty for the six defendants. For three of the band of Croats, members of the secret Ustachi society, who were apprehended, mercy was recommended and they were given sentences of life Imprisonment In French Guiana. The others, who never were caught, were sentenced to death. One of the latter is Dr. Ante Pavellch, reputed head of the Ustachi. ELMER B. O’HARA. Democratic state chairman of .Michigan and former clerk of Wayne county, which includes Detroit; State Senator A. J.

Wllkowskl and 16 others of lesser prominence were convicted in Detroit of having attempted to steal the 1934 election. Eight defendants In tbe recount case, which had been on trial for nearly 12 weeks, were acquitted. Two other defendants previously had pleaded guilty, thus bringing to 20 the number facing sen-

Elmer B. O’Hara

tence for their part in the vote recount conspiracy. For O’Hara, the verdict came as the culmination of a series of calamities In n brief political career. Last November a jury in Macomb county, adjacent to Wayne, found him guilty of bribery in a drainage transaction in connection with real estate deals he had made before 1932 when he entered politics and was elected Wayne county clerk. He awaits sentence under that conviction. After conviction he was removed from office. In the recount case O’Hara was found guilty on three counts, permitting others to alter ballots, conspiring to permit others to alter ballots, sad conspiring to permit others to conduct the recount in an unlawful manner and change the resn lit of the November. 198A Action by putting Democrats In office Instead of the Republicans elected. LEADERS of congress hope for an early adjournment, by May 1 at the latest, and therefore .they pushed the new farm bill forward, trying to get it through both houses without much delay. In their desire to get away from the Capital, they already had decided to let the proposed permanent neutrality legislation go by the board. The farm bill as rewritten by the senate agriculture committee is based on the soil erosion prevention scheme. Some Democrats Joined with many Republicans in opposing the measure, one of them being Senator Walsh of Massachusetts. In a statement issued to the press he declared It was a "dangerous” bill conferring “autocratic and blanket authority” on the secretary of agriculture. He said the measure was “neither valid in law nor valid In economics." Chairman Doughton of tbe house ways and means committee said he expected definite word from the White House or treasury soon on tbe amount and kind of taxes that might be imposed to finance the new farm gramSpeaker Byrns said he could reason why the tax measure should not emerge from the committee by the end of February. He and Doughton insisted they had no advance Information on what the administration might propose. Many congressmen who are usually well informed said they looked for a recommendation for levies to raise more than *500,000,000. perhaps through excise taxes. ACTION against John J. Raskob, former chairman of tbe Democratic national committee when Al Smith was the Presidential nominee.

and who is now president of tbe American Liberty league, bas been begun by tbe government for an alleged deficiency of *l,026340 on hia 192» income taxes. Tbe claim was filed in an amendment to tbe petition recently filed against Pierre 8. da Pont two days before Al Smith had bitterly

assailed tbe New Deal In tbe petition, which Raskob described as “New Deal persecution,” Mr. du Pent was alleged to have understated bis 1929 income by *2397.832 and an additional tax of *617316 was asked. In tbe amended petition accusing Mr. Raskob. It was alleged tfikt be and tbe Industrialist engaged in "fictitious” sales of securities, one to tbe other, to a total of about *30,000,000 for the purpose of showing losses. MRS. HUEY P. LONG, widow Os tbe slain senator from Louisiana, took her seat in the senate to complete Huey's unfinished term, becoming the second woman member of tbe upper house. After eleven months she will be succeeded by Allen Allender, speaker of the Louisiana house of representatives!. who was nominated for the regular term. Mrs. Long, middle aged and comely, said: "In my mind I have a hazy idea about tbe things I want to do, but ! am not yet ready to announce them. 1 want to take my seat In tbe senate and get right to wort-Di need a lot of luck.'

f] o ./nF S National Topics Interpreted /Qj by William Bruckart National Press Building

Washington.—Five Important stones tn the New Deal recovery arch have been torn from their New Farm moorings now and, Laaielation from all of the comments I have been aide to pick up, it appears that the general situation has been clarified thereby. Two of the major New Deal items—the NRA and the AAA —have been tossed overboard by the Supreme court of the United States and congress, at the request of the President, now has thrown three others into the limbo of unnecessary things by repealing the legislation for control of cotton, tobacco and potatoes These three with their parent, the Agricultural Adjustment act, represented all that was basic in the'New Deal farm program. The importance of the President’s act in requesting repeal of the three compulsory crop-control laws cannot be minimized. Mr. Roosevelt recognized, when the AAA was invalidated, that the other three crop-control laws would be of no further use because they were predicated upon the national law. He recognized further that to remain adamant would be only to permit delay In Invalidation of those three laws because they were all headed for an adverse decision by the Supreme court anyway. In seeking their repeal, therefore, Mr. Roosevelt simply took time by the forelock and girded his armor for a fresh start on farm relief legislation. Where or In what form the new farm legislation will finally emerge, none can foretell The house and senate will pass some kind of legislation to supplant the laws Invalidated by the court or repealed by congress. Necessarily, this new farm legislation will be of a stop-gap character and I don’t believe that any of its ardent supporters can tell you exactly what the result will be in so far as Its effect upon agriculture is concerned. As far as the compromises have been worked out, it appears that some of the leaders are willing again to enact legislation directed at crop-control in a semi-compulsory manner. If that is forthcoming, the new law actually will be nothing more than a thinly disguised attempt to circumvent the prohibitions laid down in the Supreme court opinion holding the AAA unconstitutional. In any event, the tragedy in the situation appears to me to be the absence of clear thinking, or else the circumstances we see represent political cowardice of tbe worst type. It is to be remembered that In this session of congress more than any other since President Roosevelt took office, there exist a greater number of blocs; cross currents of tffilnion; partisan jealousy. A great deal of it is in opposition to brain trust policies sponsored by the New Deal but for political reasons the Individuals who oppose these things dare not openly show their disapproval of Presidential policies as such. Thus, a consensus has arisen among Washington observers that representatives and senators concerned with directing enactment of new farm legislation are likely to mess up the situation rather than come forth with a definite and workable proposition. , \• • •

The situation at the White House and in congress in connection with agricultural policies Partisan probably Is the best Politic* Rule illustration in a definite, tangible form, of how many Important federal policies arebeLng dealt with in a partisan poJificafway rather than, as they should be, in a scientific manner with partisan politics in the background. I need not recall how many pieces of legislation have been put through congress bearing a New Deal tag of "must." Os course, Mr. Roosevelt cannot be blamed entirely for issuing orders when congress is willing to obey. It Is a fact, nevertheless, that time after time and with reference to the major New Deal experiments, the legislation has been drafted by men serving under a Presidential appointment in executive departments, the copies forwarded to given representatives or senators and instructions passed along that the administration will take no substitute. It wants the specific measure and in that form. The result of all of this has been that in numerous cases legislation was passed without more than a few members of the house and senate having even read the bills before they were asked to cast a favorable vote on their passage. Now, representatives and senators are seeking to dodge the responsibility for their acta This was shown definitely in the celerity with which congress acted on the Presidential request for repeal of the three crop-control acts named heretofore. I know personally of a considerable number of representatives and senators who were delighted at the opportunity to vote repeal of those laws. They never did like them—after they found out what they had passed. But a politician is the last person in the world to admit his mistakes and the representatives and senators who voted for repeal of the crop-control laws with such enthusiasm were no different than the others. The repeal request simply gave them an opportunity to get out from under a thing which, If the legislation had gone through processes usual and normal for congress, they would never have taken in the first place. President Roosevelt likely will receive some credit for seeking repeal of the discredited laws. Admit* He said if be made fits Mutake a mistake he would be the flrat to admit ft So, now he has In away admitted that he made a mistake in approving those laws although his statement concerning the repeal request was that these were useless without AAA It is to be noted; however, that long before the Supreme court outlawed AAA there was a growing volume of

J. J. RMkeb

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discontent with the principles "hat law sought to apply.. It cannot be that Mr. Roosevelt was not aware of this growing dissatisfaction and that bis political advisers smelled a rat because a good many plans for modification had been under discussion privately among AAA advisers long before a Supreme court, decision was in prospect Practical men working with Secretary Wallace and Administrator Davis were steadily trying to accomplish changes in administration of the AAA law, and the three others as well, to make it workable. They were confronted, however, with a superabundance of brain trusters who could make a beautiful case in print for their views and during that time the brain trusters had the ear of the President while the practical administrators were left out In the cold. It Is thus that we see a development under the New Deal whereby most of the responsible people are attempting to dodge the responsibility that belongs to them. Some of them are at- ‘ tempting to dean their own skirts, or make their skirts appear clean, by damning the Supreme court; others are blaming our “system” for failure of the theories to work in practical application and still other groups point the finger of scorn at those charged with administration of the agricultural policy, blaming them for the failure. Things like this have develojjed before In Washington and have died down In due time but I believe that seldom, if ever, has occurred a situation in which the responsibility was so general and the blame so generally denied by those responsible • • • Washington observers are watching the President’s latest maneuvers on government finance Matt Cat with considerable inBorrowing terest. The President, you know, already has told agencies of the government that are equipped with borrowing power that they must reduce this borrowing. He has. in effect, withdrawn from them authorization that would have permitted the borrowing of about *1,000,000,000 during the next year. During tbe last few weeks, the Chief Executive has been concerned also with reduction In governmental spending and at tbe same time with plans to raise additional money. He has presented a tax bill to congress, an obstinate congress. Representatives and senators do not like to campaign after passing a new tax bill so they frankly do not like the Idea of new taxes at this time. It is too early to forecast the full importance of the President’s latest moves. There are those who insist that Mr. Roosevelt is making a sincere effort to cut down government spending and to convince the nation that he is seeking to reduce the waste that is naturally attendant upon such a volume of disbursements of money as has taken place in the last three years There are others who take the position that the President is simply building up a picture which can be shown to tbe voters when election time comes. They say that Mr. Roosevelt wants to be in a position to point to an accomplished reduction in federal expenditures and to assure the voters that he had permitted only such expenditures as were necessary to bring the country out of the depression. An unbiased conclusion is that a little of each claim Is true. If expenditures actually are reduced, obviously the action will be welcomed by the taxpayers. On tbe other hard, the ballyhoo that went out from the White House and executive departments concerning the withdrawal of borrowing power was rather unjustified. It was unjustified for the reason that the move was simply a bookkeeping proposition and, further, there was even a hint that such agencies as the Reconstruction Finance corporation and Home Owners Loan corporation had no plans for borrowing extensively during the forthcoming summer and fall. But It made good reading. It is only tbe actual curtailment of spending tbe money, however, that means anything from the standpoint of the taxpayers, plf one looks into the future In connection with the Presidential program of curtailing borrowing and cutting expenditures, It is rather difficult to escape the thought that a continuation of policies such as have been sponsored by the New Deal in the last three years will force a renewal of these ex- j penditures in due course. In other ; words, the administration course re-i specting these expenditures is going to depend upon the results of the November election: If Mr. Roosevelt is re-; turned to the White House and he continues with a substantial Democratic majority In congress, there is no reason to believe that present spending policies will be entirely abandoned. Such a gigantic framework of government agencies has been built up that, in my opinion; it will be utterly impossible to stop all, or even a substantial part, of the drain from the treasury that has been going on. • Waatarn N»«»s»pe" Unton. First Public High School In 1821 Boston established the first public high school in the United States. This’school, patterned after the academies. did not at first prepare for college; it offered, rather, a variety of courses of the modern (non-classical) and practical type. In 1327 the Massachusetts legislature pasmd a law requiring towns of a certain size to es tablisb high schools. Few of the towns acted upon this law until Mann became secretary of the utate board of education, but by 1850 Massachusetts had 64 public high schools—probably more than all the other states combined. The high schools later undertook to prepare pupils for college and thus combined tbe functions both of the old Latin grammar schools and of the private academies, in the country as a whole the high school made little progress until after the Civil war.

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ing 12 at one adull