The Syracuse Journal, Volume 25, Number 3, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 12 May 1932 — Page 2

News Review of Current Events the World Over Massie Case Defendants Set Free by Gov. Judd—House Nearly Ruins the Economy Bill —Capone Begins His Term in Atlanta. ' ' ■ ■■ • . 1 -—— JBy EDWARD W. PICKARD

SWIFTLY nnd unexpectedly came the climax in the Massie case jat Honolulu. Two days In; advance of the time set for the passing of sen-

tence on the four convicted of manslaughter tn the killing of Kahahawai. Judge Davis called the defendants before him and septenced them to ten years In prison at hard labor. Immediately thereafter Gqv. Lawrence M. Judd commuted the sentence t<> one ffiour In the custody of a bailiff, and this time hav-

Gov. Judd

Ing passed, the navy lieutenants his ■ Jnother-'in-lilw, Mrs. Fortescue, and Venmen Lord anil Jones were set free. This procedure was in aCcofd with an arrangement made by Governor Judd. Judge Davis and attorneys on both sides. The governor had been sub*. Jectcd to great pressure to'pardon the defendants, and it was held that fils action "as in accord with the Jury’s j recommendation of mercy. ; * Sentiment in Hawaii "as diverse, ! many of the natives being extremely ! <lissatSac! witii wc they considered a miscarriage of Justice, apd most of the whites feeling that the governor should have pardoned the four outright. thus preserx Ing their, civil rights. In Washington the latter view seamed to prevail, several senators arid representntlves being outspoken iti the mat • ter. Congressman Summers of Texas introduced a lull 'grinding’the. President power to pardon defendants In the territories, ami before the action In Honolulu was known bills bad bren Introduced,” Ip both houses for a congressional- pardon, for the four con vlcted. Also a petition ft»r a pardon "as signed; by eighty members of Congress and raided to Governor JmhJ. Whether Lieutenant Massie will re main in the navy apparently was left k up to President Hoover. In cases’? ® where naval officers are < onvmted in 1 courts and setitem < d to imprison the naval regulat tens a, ; itfi.frize . iv Bh? President to drop '«i>G officers, others! that M" II . ■■••■ r ."ou!d not. MM Sii-'h action in Massie's case.. HH HkriV the prose, ut i"tl ad the b'i:r youths a/eused ~f attackIKg Mrs. Massie would now be The voting "..man had said was retoly to go to the stand 1 them and once more tell of terrible . <pvr..!r • ■<• her a".ore-, a.'-. — •! I er to ome j senate. " :b.m.;t a re.mrd Vote. ||MKu>e.! a hill introduced bv Senator under the terms of which n 1 disagreement of a Jury in a criminal cade in the Hawaiian Islands will m>t J operate-to m .p.lit the de-. ■: ’.ant' This ’legislation is aimed tit su< h instances ‘of ha A lessee's a.- the M i-'.e r.-j.e case, the trial of which resulted in a. disagreement. Under island law a disagreement In ’ the Coming second trial would '<•! the defer iapt' free. II THEN the house of represent a ’ ’ ■ tiv O'. <li KI egtirdlbg t he‘-|e.idersh:p, <>f both parties, got through mauling the economy measure that was de ■signed to contribute S2O<KOOO.OOO sax Ings toward balancing th> budget ahd handed it over to the senate as an amendment to the legislative appropriation bill, there wastet much left of the product of the s|»eelul economy committee. Indeed,,lt was about $l6O, (<»».(Ah) short of the mark. • By limiting government pay reduction to 11 per wnt of salaries tn-ex-cess of $2,500 the house knocked out $55,000,000 of the sft7.(«M>.Ooo It was proposed to save oh pay roll cost. The house also rejected'savings on veterans' benefits estimated at more than $48,000,000 and tunjed down the prop .'cd consolidation! of the War and Navy departments which the economy committee promised would save from $50,000,000 to $100,000,000. While admlnlstratijon lenders laid plans to salvage sortie of the wreckage, on the the appropriations committee was confronted with the task of revamping 4he. shattered measure. Meantime, prospects of lengthy contests over each side of the triangular problem of tvalnneing the budget—taxation. reduction in appropriations ami economy—cast a fresh shadow of doubt over probability of completing 4 the , necessary session work before -June 10. MARYLAND’S preferential primary was made interesting by the contest for delegates between President Hoover and Dr. Joseph I. France.

the only avowed rival of Mr. Hoover for the Republican Presidential nomination. Though France is a Marylander and was that state's senator a dozen years ago, he was turned down by the home folks, losing to Hoover by a substantial majority. This setback, however, will not serve to put a stop to Doctor

France’s campaign. He will keep right on trying to corral delegates elsewhere and has engaged convention headquarters in a .Chicago hotel. He Is his own manager. Baltimore voters paid more attention to the matter of repealing, so far as that city is concerned. Maryland's 200-year-old blue laws than to the Presidential choice. On this question they cast more than 142,000 ballots

and the repeal was passed by a majority of 83,9110. The repeal became immediately effective, so Baltimoreans may now transact business, go to movies or ball games and even kiss their wives on Sunday—all of which and much more was forbidden by the ancient blue laws. CALIFORNIA Democrats dealt a rather severe blow to the aspirations of (Jovernor Roosevelt, the third within a short time. In the preferential primary they gave Speaker John N. Garner a plurality of more than 40.1 MM) votes?’over the New Yorker. Al Smith came in third, some 75.000 votes behind the Texan, Though Mr. Garner has ntot been an avoweil candidate for the nomination, this makes him more than a favorite son and insures the continuation .of the campaign In his behalf. President Hoover was unopposed in the Republican primary and piled up a big vote.- , ’ ■ ; In Alabama the slate of Democratic; delegates iiFStructed for Franklin L>.; R^oaeVeltbeat the list of delegates by about three to one. Tlie New York governor also captured the South Dakota delegation. Republicans of the: latter state favored a delegation instructed for Hoover and also voted to send ’Senator . Peter N'orbecj; back to the senate, defeating Harry F. Brow nell of Sioux Falls. FOR several years, at least, |lhe[pep•ple of the United states need real little If anything alK»ut Al Capone, for that eminent gentleman is now? behfpd

Al Capone

kerion, is ten years .in Atlanta land one year in a county Jail/besides a fine of $50,000. If Al behaves himself he may be free again in about sjeven and <>ne half years, but it is unlikely that he will ever again be a -power In the world of gangsters, ‘ ' <»n leaving Chicago, where he had been in jail for six . months, Capone said. graciously, that he was hoe sore at anybody and that he hoped Chicago would be better off and the public clamor would be satisfiedu F'< >K alentt ten years there has been /before congress, in one fonn or an other, -i measure designed to make steady the value of the dollar. The oth|‘F day the house, after brief consideration, plissed tfueh a bill, known as the t.oidshoroUL’h bill, and' (turned it over to the senate, Uhere It seems' doomed to defeat by the Republican ma Jorlty. The proponents of this) measure say it w ill restore the pun basing power of the dollar and stabilize com-, modity prices through the ope i mar ket operations and*redisctjigy facilities f the federal reserve -yxaun. j The bill declares it to be .“the p»»l icy of the Tutted States,” il at the average purchasing power of the dollar based on the I'.rjl ip/p level of commodity prices, “shall be restored and maintained by the control of the volume of credit and currency." It charges the federal reserve bob rd, the federal. reserve banks and secretary of the treasury with the duty of •‘making effective this policy ’’ Opponents of the measure., who include Secretary of the Treasury Mills, say it is “p-mandate to the federal reserve I>oard to issue flat money," and “the greatest l scheme of inflation ever proposed in any'country." OE.VAThI'j CARL HAYDEN of Arizona put forward a project of the silver states’to boost the price of silver. offering a resolution that would authorize the President to accept, up to July 1, 1930, silver in payment of debts owing the United States) by foreign ■guv'ernnients k . The silver would be accepted at the rate, of one and onehalf ounces for each dollar n't) indebtedness discharged, provided the debtor nations agree to not melt or debase their own coins, to obtain silver for debt payments. ! As a further Inducement tb debtor nations, the resolution stipulates that when a government satisfies the President It will restore all of its silver coinage to a fineness of at least ninetenths silver, or shall otherwise Increase the use of silver for coinage purposes the President may aiccept silver payments from such government at the rate of one ounce of (silver for each dollar of indebtedness. The silver so received by the United States shall be coined into standard silver dollars and deposited in the treasury, and silver certificates issued against the silver coinage. According to a report of the banking committee of the Swedish riksdag, Ivar Kreuger. the Swedish match king, was driven to suicide because of the prospect of imminent exposure of extensive frauds in connection with his various companies. Just before his death, the report said. Swedish bankers had decided to investigate the position of the Kreuger group of companies. Kreuger had been asked to attend a meeting in Berlin of officials of the banks bn Sunday, March 13, to discuss the pending Investigation. ,It was the day before that meeting that Kreuger shot and killed himself in Paris, i

fesj J. I. France

the bars of the fedj eral penitentiary at Atlanta, serving a I term <>f 11 years for Income tax fraud. The I nited States Supreme Court curily refused to .review ••Scarfa<-e*s" case and hiX attorneys > could devise noQil ng more ' to keep him out :of the penitentiary, jllis sentence, imposed' by Federal Judge Wil-

PRELIMINARY elections In France indicated that Premier Tardieu might be dusted and a liberal government installed with Edouard Herriot, veteran leader of the Radical Socialists and former premier, at its head. The Issue was to be decided in the run-off elections May 8, but already Herriot's party had made gains in-par-liamentary seats and the left Repub- • licans led by Tardieu had lost heavily. ( Tgrdieu himself was re-elected by a sound majority, and so were most of the members of his cabinet. Representatives of the Japanese and Chinese governments, propped up in their hospital beds, signed an agreement which ended ■ hostilities in the Shanghai area. A Japanese surgeon amputated the right leg of Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu soon after he signed the agreement. He was the most seriously hurt of the five highest Japanese officials who were wounded In a recent bombing. The Japanese volunteered to start withdrawal of their troops at once “as the first step in the faithful execution of the agreement.” Withdrawal is to be completed in about four weeks. In Manchuria the Japanese claimed to have routed the Chinese “insurgents” in bloody encounters, but the revolt against the puppet Manchurian government was not quelled. The League of Nations investigating commission in a preliminary report said every vestige of Chinese authority in Manchuria had been erased by the Japanese, that banditry was on the increase and there was “loss of life, destruction of property and a general sense of insecurity.” > SEVERAL highly important decisions were handed down by ‘the United States Supreme court. One o’s them, read by Justice Benjamin Cardozo, re-

jected modification of the packers’ consent decree of 1920 to permit.packers to deal at wholesale in grocer Les and other lines n<>t- related to the packinghouse industry. In January. 1931. the District of Columbia authorized the modi ficat ioh. Under the Supreme court's ruling, the packers wi 11 *b e prohibited from continuing in

Justice Cardozo

their present lines of business and must comply with the terms of the consent decree, which, restricted their activities exclusively to meat and other slaughter house products. The tremendous business of the packers was emphasized by Justice Cardozo, who pointed out that the original decree was insisted on because of fear that the companies Would otherwise be able to crush their snuiller rivals. He said the packers were*in a position today to do under the modified decree what was feared v hen the consent decree was entered. Justices Butler and Van Decanter dissented. ‘ ■ Huling on a case from Texas, the court decided. 5 to 4. that the state Democratic executive committee had acted illegally in barring negroes from participating in the party's primaries. The majority- opinion, handed down by Justice Cardozo, and concurred in by Chief Justice Hu-'hes ami Justices Branded. Stone and Huberts, held that the party committee lacked this power even though authorized by statute to prescribe the requirements for party membership. .- " - ■ President Hoover was upheld in his controversy with the senate over the ca<e of Ims appointment of George <i(is Smith to the federal jvower com-, ■mission. The case arose when, in DeTAW). the senate consented to Smith’s appointment, January, .11131, requested the return of the nom? {nation and voted to- reconsider its vote of consent. During the interim. Smith had angered radical senators by dismissing certain power commission -employees. The I’reside.nt refused to accede to the senate’s request. HOPE for an adequate American navy was revived when the senate by a vote of 46 to 25 made unfinished business the Hale bill authorizing construction of all ships needed to bring the fleet up to the tonnage limits of the London and Washington naval treaties. The measure undoubtedly will be roughly treated by senators who advocate other legislation and' will be displaced from time to time, but Senator Hale expressed confidence that it will come to a vote and be passed before congress ‘adjourns. The opposition seeks to prevent early enactment of the bill on the ground that its passage would embarrass the American delegation in the disarmament conference at Geneva and violate the, spirit of the naval building truce. Admiral William V. Pratt, just back from an inspection trip to the Pacific coast, spoke warmly in favor of a well balanced navy building program. WASHINGTON Cathedral on Mount St. Albans, the foundation stone of which was laid 25 years ago, was opened for public worship on Thursday, Ascension day. ’ The first service was held in the morning in the choir and sanctuary, the first portion of the main building to be completed, and was attended by the President and Mrs. Hoover and Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, widow of the war President, whose tomb is in the. Bethlehem chapel. Bishops of the Episcopal church, other religious and lay leaders from all parts of the country and representatives of all ranks of official life tn Washington also gathered for the opening of the beautiful Gothic edifice, about one-third of which has been completed. Right Rev. James E. Freeman, bishop of Washington, conducted the morning service and delivered;, the sermon, which was followed by a thanksgiving celebration of holy communion. AV'S' service In the late afternoon the preacher was Right Rev. William T. Manning, bishop of New York and honorary canon of Washington cathedral. <e. 1*22, Western Nvwspnper Vnioa.*

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

WHITE TERRORS of the SEA

1- \ _ A White Terror of the North Atlantic

,Pr.pared by National Geographic Society. Washington. D. C.) —WNV Service. ICEBERGS, the white terrors of the North Atlantic ship lanes, are on their annual migration from the Arctic to their doom in the warm waters on the gulf stream. Already North Atlantic traffic lanes have been moved 60 miles southward by order of the ice patrol which reports that some 350 bergs will move southward during the 1932 ice season of April. May and June. Icebergs have always been the dread of the transatlantic navigator. They drift hitijer and yon. They give no warning of their presence. They are propelled now by ocean currents, now by tides, and now by winds and waves. Fog is their’constant com- ■ panion. A vessel speeding through an area ; Infested with moving during night (or jn fog, plays a game of chance. Even on a starlit night a berg cannot I be seen beyond a half mile; but when I the position of the ice is known to the navigator, the danger is eliminated; he can alter hisj course to avoid the menace. The ice comes dowln every year, as it has for centuries; but now every berg that follows the eastern edge of I the 'Grand Banks into the steamer j lanes Is kept under surveillance by I the International ice patrol. From this service navigators can learn the answer to the quesjtlon which each asks: “Where is the ice?” » Not a single ship has been lost through collision with an iceberg since the patrol was inaugurated. Greenland’s ‘’ley 'mountains”, alone are the source of the icebergs that come as far south as the steamer lanes. Journeying about 1.800 miles — approximately the distance from Washington, D. C., jto Denver—before they become “white specters” to shipping- . With the exception of a small strip of coast line. Greenlaml is completely cbvered. with a vasfe Jce cap. Its estimated thickness Is 5,000 feet. Always the ice mantle is moving down the slope off the land toward the sea. in great glaciers, pushing out through As the ice reaches the sea it noses out into the water until buoyancy lifts it up, and then the front of the glacier breaks off at a weak spot. There is a deafening roar and a thunderous crash, i and with a tidal splash the glacial fragment plunges heavily into the sea. almost hig. ’ The water is churned into creamy w aves as I the new born berg shakes off’the.sea, regains Its equilibriuni, and settles Itself comfortably i for a long Journey southward. Come From Greenland. There are eight principal berg-pro-ducing glaciers in Greenland. The worst offenders ftre those of Disko bay. Jakobshaven, and Torsukatak. Karajak, and Urpanak on the west coast. . ■ Bergs are discharged■ in vast numbers from these and other Greenland fiords. Yet few south of Xe v foundland. Many are too small to last long. only the fittest survive the buffetings of the jsea, to l>e carried south on the flow of the Labrador current and along the eastern edge of the banks Into the gulf stream. This warm current gives them short shrift ; but until they have dwindled to the size of aii ample library desk they are capable of staving in a vessel’s plates. The Labrador current, although a danger carrier, has its usefulness. It teems with all kinds of marine life, affording breeding and feeding grounds for our best food fish. The berg danger period coincides with the heavy flow period of the Labrador current each year—that is, from March 1 to July 1. It is during this period that the cutters patrol the Ice-endangered areas. Two cutters are assigned to the ice patrol, with a third cutter held In reserve. The cutter on duty is “a busy place every day. To carry out the orders, “to locate the icebergs and ice fields nearest the transatlantic steamship lanes, and to determine the southerly, easterly and westerly limits of the Ice as it mpves to the southward, and keep track of all ice seen or reported,” is not an easy task. The oceanographer's day begins before the break of dawn, because he must get star sights for position if the fog permits, the first of the series to be made and checked all during the day. At six o'clock the first Ice broadcast goes out to the ships with modern equipment: “Patrol vessel near two bergs—latitude, 42 degrees 30 minutes; longitude. 48 degrees 30 minutes; set and drift, 180 degrees fivetenths of a knot per hour; foggy, smooth sea.” Added to this will be the position of perhaps twenty other bergs. The set and drift data enable the ship navigators to know that the two bergs, which are the two southernmost, are coming south at the speed gt VOL. The oceanographer notices, while plotting the water temperature, reports from ship that their present courses might carry them close to a number of dangerous bergs. An Ice warning is immediately dispatched, which the vessels acknowledge with thanks. The vessels alter their courses ta clear the ice. On the great steamer lane between Europe and America liners, cargo carriers, and tramps pass constantly. It la an avenue of the sea just as

much as Michigan boulevard or Fifth avenue is a heavy traffic street. On what is known as the “westbound tracks" are the ships coming from Europe, and on the “ea-stbound tracks,” 60 miles south, are the ships going to Europe. All vessels off the tracks are reported for violation of the rules. A vessel off the track is just as dangerous as an Iceberg or a derelict. The ice patrol cutter stands as a traffic officer on this avenue of the sea. If the Ire threatens blockage, the cutter sets the stop sign and turns the, traffic into a “sitlg—street” detour to the south. /* — Three separate charts! are plotted recording the ship's icel and water temperatures. The latter\s very important. because by using from 900 to 1,300 messages in 15 days one can locate the “cold wall,” the line of demarcation between the gulf stream water arjd the cold Labrador current water. The Danger Line. This line Is the danger line, be. cause icebergs that are perils to shipping seldom cross it. The loca-tion-bf it at the beginning of the season Is an index to the severity of conditions to be expected. A berg that crosses the line commits quick suicide, for "liter at 55 to 60 degrees melts Ice very rapidly. A big berg will disappear seven days after it crosses the line. The cold wall is easy to see. North of it the ocean is a beautiful olive green, south of it the water is indigo blue The higher content of microscopic marine life . gives the Labrador current its olive tone. The prow of a cutter can be in green water of 4<Ydegrees Fahrenheit, the stem fn warm—blue water, ■■that registers 60 degrees. Tile crew may swim in tropical temperatured water, while half a mile away to the north floats a large iceberg, drifting in cold water. When an Iceberg which has hot been seeiWiitherto is sighted it must be examined, approaching close enough to make photographs and sketches from two sides. Observations to determine its dimensions—that is, length, breadth and height above water also are taken. From these figures It is possible- to gauge roughly the total mass, for always one&ighth of an Iceberg is exposed. .Next the temperatures at the surface and at five different depths and samples of water to determine salinity are taken. These data make It possible to predict in what direction the berg will move, and also the rate of drift and the direction of movement. This information . is then transmitted, in a special Ice ’ broadcast. i As'a boat approaches a'floating ice island a fizzling sound become audible. ('lose attention shows that this comes from small pieces of ice slipping off into the sea. Enlike ordinary ice lumps, the pieces effervesce. This is a peculiarity of glacial ice, due. in all probability, to the fact that it is compacted of snow. Thousands of Americans sailed to Europe last year. Few of them were aware, as they retired to their staterooms at night, of what precautions were being taken for their safety. They did not know that in the radio room on the upper deck of their ships, a message from the ice patrol this coming in. telling about and icebergsr" Nor did they realize that their liner was reporting a coast guard cutter drifting on the Grand Banks, so that officers on the cutter could check to learn if the liner’s course was entirely clear of danger. The Titanic catastrophe In April, 1912. shocked the entire world, and a universal demand for a patrol gave birth to the International Ire patrol. Immediately after the Titanic disaster the United States navy r detailed two cruisers for guard duty until the last bergs disappeared from the steamer lanes in late June. In the spring of 1913 two revenue cutters were detailed to carry out the patrol. During the fall of the same yeai the International conference for the safety of life at sea was convened at London, to organize this patrol on an international basis. In recognition of its service to ships all nations. Representatives of the principal maritime nations of the world signed the agreement on January 20, 1914, creattion, Ice Observation, and Ice Patrol service. The United States was asked to undertake the management of this service. This country agreed to send two vessels which would patrol the danger area during the iceberg season. Each of the contracting parties consented to bear a share of the cost in proportion to Its shipping tonnage The United States coast guard is charged with the duty of maintaining the patrol. Therefore, when the cutters sail for the Banks’ ice guard every March, they go in the name of Belgium. Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United States, but serve the shipping in terests of the entire world. Pleasant Deception “The public sometimes insists on being, deceived,” said Hl Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “It Is always easier to believe a pleasant fiction than to face a discouraging fact.”—Washington Star.

How Clover “Bonus” May Be Obtained Change of Farm Rotations Method of Bringing About Results. Corn and wheat are not the so-called "high-profit” crops they once were, and consequently this is a good time to change farni rotations permanently to take advantage of the “bonus” ofI sered by a clover crop, says L. B. Mil- | ler, associate in soil experiment fields I at the College of Agriculture, UniverI sity of Illinois. Such a change would insure more uniform production frcffii year to year, ' with no increase in surplus, and would i slash the bushel costs of growing corn, Miller said. . “Rotation studies over a long period of years here at Urbana show an average yield of 34 bushels of corn an acre under a corn and oats rotation and a 51-bushel corn yield with a rotation of corn, oats and red clover on similar unfertilized land. Two farms of the same size, operated under these systems, would produce the same number of bushels of corn a farm. However, the farm growing the corn and oats totation would have half of Its land in corn, while the farm growing the corn, oats and red clover rotation would have only one-third of its land O'-oorn. Similarly, the change In rotation increased the oats yield from 31.7 bushels to 44 bushels an acre. “Thus, the fann growing one-third of its acreage in clover would produce as much corn and almost as much oats as the other farm, and in addition would have the clover as a •bonus’ to be used for feed and for soil improvemelnt. “Census reports for 1930 show that In ten typical corn-belt countries of central Illinois more than 55 per cent of the crop land was in corn and only 13.1 per cent in legumes, including tame hay and soy beans. Parts .of many farms in northern and central Illinois will grow red clover without liming. Most of the brown silt loam ' soils require only a little limestone ; or.phosphate to make them good clover producers.”

Light Oat Seed Will Produce Normal Crop Despite the fact that much of rhe 1931 oat crop is of poorer quality than usual, its use for seed will be satisfactory provided it is property cleaned and graded, the United States Department of Agriculture says. In many sections of the corn belt and of the northwestern states much of the oat crop ripened prematurely because of drought. As a consequence, those oats are of- lighter weight per bushel than usual and may not appear to be satisfactory for seed purposes. , However, if this seed is thoroughly fanned and graded it should produce a satisfactory crop. In the eastern corn belt section the color-and weight of much of the certified, seed distributed for sowing this spring is not as good as that of last year, but this seed will be entirely satisfactory and will produce a crop of good quality provided weather conditions are favorable. As in the case of any other seed oats. theUight, chaffy kernels of these standard and improved varieties should be removed by fanning. The department advises fanners to treat their seed oats for smut prevention. Figuring Silage Price Because it is impossible to move silage, it is frequently necessary for tenants to sell unused feed. Arriving at a fair price is difficult because the silage does not have a regular trading value. At Ohio Stqte university dairy men have figured that a ton Os silage has about one-third the feeding value of good mixed hay, depending on how grain is in the silage. It has been found that a ton of silage contains approximately, tfle same amount [•of nutrients found In seven bushels of corn, or in bushels of corn and 600 pounds of corn’ stover of medium moisture content. In figuring the price of silage figure but the value of each of these comparative feeds, If the figures differ greatly, add them together and divide by three to get a fair valuation on the silage per ton. — Prairie Farmer. Feeds for Beef Cattle I Roughages and other home-grown feeds play an important part In the economical production of fat beef cattle. Many cattle men find that it pays to grind or roll such grains as wheat, barley, and grain sorghums which are too small and hard to be thoroughly chewed. Coarse grinding is better than find grinding for feeding purposes, says A. T. Semple, of the United States Department of Agricnlture. Grinding or chopping roughage is not advisable unless the cattle will consume more roughage and make such profitable use of It as to pay for the cost of grinding. Sow Clean Seed Seed oats with a purity of 99.01 per cent may still contain enough weed seeds to keep your grand-chil-dren fighting weeds. In a sample that was 99.61 per cent pure there were 171 weed seeds to the pound, which means 5,472 to the bushel. That means, if every weed seed grew, a weed for every three square feet of ground. Read the seed tag carefully to see whether the number of weed seeds per pound Is given. Sow clean seed. Test the germination, too. Winter Killing Research has shown tbat most of the so-called winter killing In legumes Is due to root rots which do most of their damage during the late fall and early spring when temperatures are top low to permit the crop to make any growth and thus combat the disease. Observations made ofWra series of years have shown that even red clover, the least hardy of the legumes, will come through the winter with a small amount of damage when seeded without a nurse crop.

Who Was Who? By Louise M. Comstock

BROTHER JONATHAN BACK in Revolutionary days ft* was Brother Jonathan, not Uncle Sam who stood for all the faults and virtues of this country. Even George Washington, when confronted by a knotty problem of state, was wont to say “We will have to see what Brother Jonathan has to say about it.” Brother Jonathan / was Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut at th6 tinje of the Revolution, one of our first great patriots. He was also an- ? cestor of an illustrious line of Trumbulis, including John, artist, who In 1756 painted the huge historical pjetures in the rotunda of the-Capitol, and tlje modern governor of Connecti- ; cut, John H. Trumbull, whose daughj ter not so long ago married John Coolidge. . ’ Os till colonial governors ip office at the outbreak of the Revolution, Jonathan Trumbull alone was loyal to,the colonies. Throughout the duration of the War his store at Lebanon, Conn., was 4. sort of “war office" where sup- - plies were collected and shipped off to the armies, usually under his own supervision ; and in his simple home he sheltered Washington, and Franklin, Jefferson, \dams, LaFayette. It was ; he w|io financed Ethan Allen’s successful expedition against Fort Ticonder- ’ oga. When courage lagged he made j speeches which stirred up patriotism [ and won volunteer soldiers, and his • state! furnished more troops than anyexqept Massachusetts. Jonathan Trumbull died in 1785, at the age 'Of seventy-five. • • • TOM THUMB TppM THUMB, so fanjious a midget e- that his name has become synOnymdiis, almost, for any of those tiny people at whom the world always wonder£, and sometimes laughs, was a I real enough person, but even his real life! smacked somehow of the theater, ifhe famous midget was only fourteen years old when, under the ex- . I pert management of that famous showniain,. P. T. Barnum. he ceased to be mere Charles Heywood Stratton of Bridgeport. Conn.; and beeatjie ’ Genl. Tojiii Thumb, symbol of all the nfidgets who ever graced. a circus srnleshAw and compared heights with* the .tail man. In 1854 Barnum took his finjd to England’ where the handsome dwarf was presented to Queen Victoria. and to Paris. The trip was a huge financial success. After their re- . turn to this country Barnum decided a little romance would be good publicity for Tom and imported into his company Lavinia Warren, plump and pretty, who boasted 32 inches to Timi’s 36 and weighed 29 pounds. Shortly thereafter, attended by> the bride’s sistdr, Minnie Warren and Commodore Nutt whom she later married. Lavinia and Tom were united in holy matrimony in an elaborate church ceremony ? amended by the best society and the, riibst colorful, show people and lib-.' ejrnlly written. Up in the papers. I Starting at a salary in keeping with ! his size, three dollars a week, Tom made a mint pf money in the show business, eventually lost most of it at poker, and died, of apoplexy, in 1883, jitter, it is said. 20 years of happy? married life. Lavinia Thumb later G married' an Italian dwarf, named Couri.t Primo Magri and. continued ■in the show business. , , BLUEBEARD COMPARED to his prototypes in real lU’e the Bluehaurd of our fairy: story books was a jliild and benevolent; ' man’ King Henry VIII ran him a close ■second in the matter of winftlng and i disposing of wives, forbidden dodrsi and box lids abound in literature, from, the myth of Pandora down, and it is quite probable that the • areh-vlllairt Bluebeard Is merely a compilation of many bad men of legend arid folk sale all rolled Into one. If credit for inspiring this famous character, however, is to be given an. 4 one man. he was Gilles de Raiz, one of Joan of Arc’s generals and a marshal of France during the Fifteenth century, whose villainies make Bluebears appear a meek and home-loving; husband. Gilles inherited a large fortune and political prominence; the first he squandered, .the second he disgraced. When bankrupt he turrited to alchemy, sought the favor, so they say, of the devil through black magic, made human sacrifice of innumerable little boys and girls, and is said to have • been the one to betjay Joan of Arc Into the hands of* the English. The church finally convicted him of sorcery, and he was'burned at the stake for his atrocious cruelties In 1440. The story-book version of Bluebeajrdl first appeared in the famous Freni?' collection of Perrault In 1697. (©. 1932. Western Newspaper* Union.) . We Learn by Example Thus Sully points out, for example: “A child will profit more by daily companionship with an acute observer, be he teacher or playfellow, than by all systematic attempts to train the senses.” “The deepest spring of jaction In us is the sight of action in another.” James says. “The spectacle of effort Is what awakens and sustains bur own effort.” —Henry C.’ King In “Rational Loving.” * Time of Toil Leisure was so rare in old New England, according to Marlon Nicholl Rawson in “When Antiques Were Young” that constant toil became a virtue through necessity. Even the little children were compelled to work long hours at various chores. r / Education Take* Time It takes the average human being 30 years to get moderately educated and prepared to settle down to the business of living.—American Magazine.