The Syracuse Journal, Volume 24, Number 18, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 27 August 1931 — Page 3

News Review of Current Events the World Over Cuban Revolution Collapsing After Bloody Battle at Gibara —Oil Wells of East Texas Are Closed Down. By EDWARD W. PICKARD

WHEN Gen. Mario Menocal and Col. Carlos Mendieta were captured by the Cuban government troops and locked up in Cabanas fortress. It appeared to observers on the island that the revolution had Collapsed. Indeed. President Machado started off the week with the announcement th a t

| Gen. Menocal.

the revolt was over, that the rebels were surrendering everywhere and that there would be peace throughout Cuba within a few days. The most important of the remaining leaders’ were said to be in Santa Clara province with rather small bands of followers. Aviators were sent out to fly over ret>el territory dropping leaflets announcing that Machado would grant amnesty to all who surrendered imtnetliately. ISut the revolutionists had not yet reached the end of their resources. A filibustering expedition landed men from half a dozen countries and quantities of arms tfnd ammunition at Gibara, near the eastern end of the island, and that port was captured and fortified. The government immediately moved against this force, and followed <tne of the bloodiest battles ever fought in Cuba. The gunboa? Patrie deatroyed the Gibara "“fortress and a land army Inf. crushing defeat on the rebel troops and the filibusters. -Meanwhile planes dropped bombs on the town, which was badly shattered. It was reported that about revolutionists were killed nnd that the federal casualties were heavy. - ’ Lifting of the ’’censorship revealed that the rebels also had suffered jsev.rely In fierce engagements in Santa Clara province. Despite these defeats, the revolu- ' tionary leaders still at large were insistent that their cause was not lost. General Menocal managed to smuggle out of his cell * proclamation urging his followers to continue-the struggle, and there were Indications that Machado's troubles were not over by any means In Washington, though the State department would make no comment on the Situation, it was the general opinion of officials that the only way Machado can prevent renewed uprisings Is to enact speedily the reforms along democratic lines that his administration promised. Certainly the American government hopes he- will adopt this course, for It has no desire to Intervene in the affairs of the Inland republic and will not do so tinle«s developments bring on n state of virtual anarchy there. TEXAS has taken its stand beside Oklahoma in the fight against ruinously low prices for crude oil. and it was expected that Kansas nls<> would adopt m< .iMires for curtailment of production The het result, jt was believed, would be higher prices for ihldcohtinent crude oil atid possibly tie stabilisation Os the American oil industry. I Following action by the legislature. GOVj Ross S, Sterling orders! the , complete shutdown of the l.ftW prodm Ing and g-.s wells of the great east Texas area, and then sent about 0 thousand National Guardsmen into four counties to enforce the order. V-trtia' law being proclaimed. No resistance was met. the larger companies closing their wells before the poldlers arrived; Governor Sterling, himself an oil plan. predicted higher crude prices and estimated the Texas and Oklahoma Shutdowns would take about one million barrels a day off the market. He Said martial law in east Texas will not be lifted until the state railroad comrnlssion has Issued proration orders Governor Murray of Oklahoma, who Originated the Idea of. dealing with overproduction by declaring martiallaw. sent a message of congratulation to the Texas executive. Most of the operators In the oil regions planned to care for employees during the shut down period. Drilling ■was continued as usual for there was ho ban on bringing In new wells provided they were shut, down immediately.

POLITICAL observers In Illinois saw. In the latest epistle of the Frank L • Smith ease, indication that the man who was elected to thi United States senate by Illinois and was twice denied si seat in the upper house because of Samuel Insult's contributions to his campaign fund, might

aeek asaln to represent his state In the senate. What has happened is that Mr. Smith has made public the fact that Julius Rosenwald, Chicago financier, between the primary and the election of 1926, offered him stock in Sears. Roebuck & Co., then worth 1555.000. to withdraw from the Republican nomination. Mr. Rosenwald is too ill to be Interviewed but his intimate friends admit the truth of the Story and uphold the purity of the financier's motives tn thus seeking harmony within the Republican party. Mr. Smith, at his residence in Dwight, said; H *T did not issue the statement for political purposes. IT I intended to use It for such, I would have used It in my two campaigns for the senate and again last year. I Issued it because others Haw fit to write a book about the case and because they did not five the people all the facta.

* "As to my future action politically, I shall be governed by conditions.” ■ If Smith should file for the senatorship nomination, he will have Senator i Glenn as his opponent In the Republican primaries. He was defeated for renomination in 1927 by Glenn in the i upheaval which, also retired former •’ Governor Small. THERE cannot be any general revival of prosperity until the na- ■ tions of Europe settle their political disputes and the German reparations i have been revised. Such is the opinI i<>n of the Wiggin committee of international bankers at {psel which was appointed to study Germany's finani cial needs and«capabilltles. The German government was greatly encouraged by the report, afid one of its officials said that a new conference on i finances, politics and reparations must be called immediately and that all Europe hoped it would be called by President Hoover. RECURRING reports that President Hoover would call a special session of congress to deal with the unemployment situation were declared nt the White House to be without foundation. The President feels, too. that it is unnecessary to call congress,earlier than December to organize in time to consider the reparations-war debt , jUttn. He believe® this can be handled in the regular session. The President appointed Walter S. Gifford, president of the AmericanTelegraph and Telephone company, head of a national organization which will be eftatged with the task of mobilizing state and local relief agencies of every kind in meeting the unemployment crisis during the eomiur winter, Jouett Shouse, executive chairman of the democratic national committee, came out with a statement demanding of President Hoover "more positive action and less theoretical investigation.” He asserted that the President Is spending /More time ascertaining how many persons wiU be out of work next winter than he is in taking measures for thetr relief. •‘What the country has a right to expect is that measures will be taken to relieve the possible maximum rath- , er than attempt tfi* fit the measure of aid,to a hypothetical minimum,’' said Mr. S’.ov.se. ‘Whether there will be five million, six million, or seven million people out of work next January may. be nice problem - to work out With glyj h> and indices and curves and other engineering playtilings. Rut what the .country faces is the necessity of taking care of all of them, whether they come within the prospect!?* blue print or not. A surplus of relief resources, would involve no disaster; a deficit of n.sources would be an appalling calamity.”

R. T. O'Neil.

tians th*’ patriotism of war veterans who ask pensions or bonuses when uninjured. Under the subheading “Patriot Nn>, Pen-ions and Politics " I>.k> tor-Prickett says: “There has come about in dur country a complex of patriotism, bonus seeking, and politics the like of which can be found in no other nation oa earth. • Organisations that started in -pure patriotism have lent themselves *to p-r>s>n lobbying on such-a form as to demoralize, both the veterans and congress.” “Erroneous and unfair’’ is what Ralph T. O’Neil, national .commander of the American Legion; says of the Prichett statement, adding: “The American Legion never has in the past or. in my opinion, never will in the future, ask anything that is unfair or that will place an unjust financial burden on the country." ... ■ He says the real objective of the vet- ' eran-' organization has been to get disability comj>ens.-ttlon. but that it never has asked a pension for ablebodied men. FROM a preliminary treasury statement is derived the unpleasant information that the government suffered a drop of more than $300,000,000 in Internal revenue collections duriug tfte fiscal year 1!'.”.!. the first full year during which taxes were effected by the economic depression and the falling stock market Total collections for that year were $2,428,228,700. Income taxes yielded a decline of $550,000,000, while miscellaneous internal revenue accounted for collections of $568,188,200, a drop of $61,698,246. zCorporation income taxes netted the government $1.0262292,699, a decline of $237,031,700, and individual taxes $833,647,700, a decrease of $313,196,900, reflecting the depressed conditions in the business world and the wide variations of collections in times of prosperity and in times of depression. While both corporation and Individ ual income taxes were cutting a deep swath in government revenues, miscellaneous taxes showed only a small loss despite the business slump. All tobacco taxes for the fiscal year amounted to $444,276,500, a decrease of but $6,062,500. Os this total cigarettes accounted for $358,915,100, representing a reduction of $901,086. The government stamp tax figures

' J F. L. Smith,

D.r hen r y Prichett, president emeritus of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, In the i annual rejwrt of the ‘ foundation makes tlje I ‘ bold a'MTtion that I the leaders of t lie "intend to raid the treasury of the United States.” And be ques-

emphasized the extent to which business slumped in the stock market and commodities exchanges. Collections on capital stock sales and transfers dropped from $46,698,226 in 1930 to $25,519,900, representing a decline of $21,178,200. The figures for the produce markets indicated that sales for future delivery had been cut more than half. The taxes on sales of products on exchanges were given as $1,682,600 for 1931, as compared with $3,599,875 dur ? ing the previous year, when business conditions were better. Notwithstanding the lowered collections. the government found that it cost more proportionately to gather the smaller tax.es than it'had during the years of prosperity.

QUITE recently Rafael Largo y Herrera, noted Peruvian political leader and former minister of foreign affairs, arrived from Lima by Srplane. He has now *en nominated for the pres id e n c y of Peru by the Economist party, and it is said stands an excellent chance of being

elected; So Senor Largo started back home the other day to participate In the elections, and again he traveled bv the air route. He thus was toe first passenger to make a round trip by plane between Peru and New York. During his. brief visit to this country he spent a day or so in Washington. where he has many friends and admit ers. “ JOHN E. BAKER. American relief expert and adviser to the Chinese railway ministry, sends word that the flood in the Yangtse valley is China’s most terrible disaster in the present century. About thirty million people have lost their homes and a third of them are destitute. The loss-of life, already terrific, was increased when a great dike protecting part of Hankow- gave way and several hundred persons were drowned. Typhoid, cholera and dysentery are epidemic, and industry is paralyzed. All foreigners were reported safe. The Chinese government has made an offer to the federal farm board for part of its surplus wheat to help feed the refugees, and the idea is favorably considered by officials in Washington.

ONCE mighty but now fallen like many another. Prof. Augustinas Wal demaras. former dictator of Lithuania, was put on trial before a court martial at Kaunas on charges of plotting a revolt a year ago to overthrow the present joint dictatorship of President Anthony

M.Waldemaras

Smetona and Premier Jonas Tubelius. Twenty-four of his followers were his fellow defendants. The plot was betrayed to the authorities by several of Waldeinaras’ adherents, all members of the Iron Wolf organization, and it was expected their testimony would result In severe, sentences for those accused, professor Waldemafas, who returned to Kauhas from his place of exile near Memel to attend the trial, said the charges were exaggerated, which sounds like a weak defense. There won't be any sympathy for him in Poland, for when he was in power he was the bitter foe of that country and of its dictator. Marshal Pilsudski. Developments in the New York legislative investigation of the administration of New York city may bring about a political feud between Governor Roosevelt and Tammany Hall that would have a decided effect on the governor’s chances for the Democratic Presidential nomination. Some of his friends believe a break with Tammany might help rather than hinder his cause in that matter and would bring him support from other states where the leading Democrats have been holding aloof from the Roosevelt boom because of fear that he was too closely allied with Tammany. Theso friends think that even If Tammany should turn hostile. Roosevelt could carry New York state against Mr. Hoover unless there should be a great improvement in the economic'situat ion within a year. Leading - members of Tammany would not discuss for publication their attitude toward Roosevelt because the Tammany policy apparent!*- is to avoid an open break with the governor so long as he has the state patronage at his disposal and remains a decided Presidential possibility. GbING hack to Illinois for^ a moment : Newton Jenkins of Chicago has announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for United States senator on a platform of opposition to the renomination of President Hoover. Mr. Jenkins. who» is fortyfour years, old. an ex-service man and a lawyer, has twice before been a candidate for senator.- • , TEN members of the* Wickersham commission reported to the President that they found it Impossible "compresensively to discuss the causes of crime or factors in non-ohsertance of law." They explained that in the present state of criminology and other sciences .the best they could do was to conduct a limited, number of studies in the hope that they might have an effective bearing on the larger problem. But one member. Henry W. Anderson. refused to sign this report and In one of his own he took the ten to task for falling to attain one of the chief purposes for which they were appointed. He places the major responsibility for crime upon the whole American social state and prescribes for Its study and Its remedy a correction of the fundamental causes. As a means to this end he recommends the establishment in a proper government department of an institute of human behavior to study, and to correlate other studies of the relation of human personality and environment. <®. I*3l. Western N«w*tMU>«r Union.)

Ae SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

ETHIOPIA TO HAVE TASTE OF FREEDOM Emperor Grants Constitution, but Remains “Head of the State.” Ethiopia, one of the last absolute monarchies in the world, is to have a written constitution. A voluntary decree of Emperor Haile Selassie, ruler of this isolated African mountain kingdom, recently ordered the institution of a two-chamber parliament and a fundamental code of laws. Emperor Selassie will remain the head of the state, but will govern Ethiopia, better known to us as Abyssinia. in conformity with the constitution. Constitutions, or guarantees of fundamental law and principles, are nothing new in the light of history, says the National Geographic society. The United States is often regarded as the originator of the device, but the Greeks had a series of city-state constitutions, 158 in number, three centuries before the birth of Christ. Emperor Justinian used the word for the code of Roman laws compiled during his reign. Today, practically every country in the civilized world has a constitution of some sort, although nine-tenths of them are less than 50 years old. All the important countries of the world except England have written constitutions. In effect. England has a "constitution.” because the courts and parliament recognize a general series of fundamental laws, often referred to as "constitutional law,” which in effect are similar to the written constitutions of other lands. The colonies and self-governing dominions of the British commonwealth nearly all have written constitutions. World-wjde adoption of written constitutions followed many changes in government after the World war. Soviet Russia adopted a constitution on Marxian principles in 1918, which has been a model for other states of the Soviet union. Other countries whose people received constitutions, or radical changes in existing constitutions, since the World war, include Afghanistan, Albania, Estonia, China. Finland, Lithuania, Egypt, Latvia. Ger? many, Irish Free State, Free City of Danzig, Hungary. Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Greece, Turkey, Iceland, Iraq. Yugoslavia and Spain. In a few countries national constitutions are underlaid with state or divisional constitutions. The United States, Germany, Brazil, Argentina, Switzerland. Mexico and the Soviet union are the chief “federalistic” re-

—1 Rafael Largo.

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publics with two complete constitution structures. Bolivia once was so divided, but in 1886 the sovereignty of the states was abolished and they became mere departments under the Bolivia constitution. Most of the constitutions of the western world, and many of the newer ones of Europe, are modeled directly on that of the United States. Chile is an outstanding exception, in that its constitution calls for a “responsible cabinet” whose members sit in the Chilean congress and must resign when there is a formal vote of lack of confidence. Success is the test of friendship.

Os JOfTtNvJ Few Germans Rank as Middle Class It is actually true today that the mass of the German people, excepting only a tiny group, belong economically to the proletarian class. The strong middle class of prewar days now differ from the working class only in its traditions, its memories and its point of view—not in income. The tax records reveal the facts. Income tax begins on all incomes in excess of S3OO a year. Among the 32.000,000 persons gainfully employed, about 23,000,000 are liable to income tax on an average income of about S4OO. The rest, of course, have even less. If the middle class is reckoned on the broadest possible basis, to include every one with an income of S6OO to $9,000 a year, under which is a proletarian standard and over which is riches, it still encompasses only 10 per cent of the population as compared with 25 per cent of this class in England. But if $4,000 is taken as a minimum comfortable middle class income—and this is reasonable, estimated by the cost of living In Ger- ■ many—then there are only 77,000 people all told in this class. Add the 30.000 rich people with incomes of more than $9,000 a year, pyramiding up to the multimillion-

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