The Syracuse Journal, Volume 24, Number 17, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 20 August 1931 — Page 7

News Review of Current Events the World Over Revolutionary Movement Threatens Machado's Regime in Cuba—German Reich Saved by Defeat of Radicals.

By EDWARD W. PICKARD

Gerardo machado. president of Cuba, not long ago scoffed at the danger of revolution in his tight little island. But the threat has materialize*! In away to make him sit up and take notice. Rebels In various regions staged outbreaks that alarmed the government and martial

Pre*. Machado

Jaw was declared in the effort to stave off civil war. Machado and his cabinet ministers conferred with ! military and civil advisers, and the martial resources, of the republic were hastily mobilized. Troops were sent to the troubled areas and an effort was made to improvise a navy by o>mmahd« i ering private yachts and arming them with eighteen pound guns. » Meanwhile the authorities were gathering up all the known and suspected rebels they could catch add putting them in Jail. Hundreds were arrested and charged with treason. Former President Metiocal and Colonel JUendieta were credited with the leadership of the revolt- and especial efforts were made to get them, but at this writing they are still at large. Tim most active of the rebels were In tb.e province of Piyar del Rio. and It was reported to President Machado that they, with (Jen. Baldemo Acosta, max or of Mariano, ns leader, were preparing an invasion of Havana province. Indeed, there were several sanguinary skirmishes only a few miles from the capital, which was isolated by the cutting of communications. Pol. Julio Sangully, chief ■of the army flying corps. ordered every available plane to keep on constant patrol •long’ the north Coast, especially in I'lnar del Bio. and for several miles out at sea. In search of both Cuban end foreign organized filibustering expeditions. Several craft that attempted to escape the navy patrol ships were bombed h> the flyers. Late reports said Menpcah Mendieta and others were on a yacht making their way to Chaparra. oriente province. where Menofal has a large number of followers. He was at one time manager of the Chaparra sugar mill, the largest In the world. Headquarters of the revolutionists have been opened In New York and are in charge of il’r. Domingo Mendui Capote, who has-!' been designated, ns president of, Culfa if the reibHs are successful. He jw as vice president after the war of independence and has had a distinguished career. r»K the time being, nt least, the German republic is safe. for the latest attempt to wreck It has failed. This was the move to‘dissolve the Prussian diet through a plebiscite, which. If it bad succeeded, would have Imperilled the Reich. The scheme was dew-' dby ?: Hitlerites or \:d .itialists, and that other sot ofradicals, the Communls’s, Joined With them, al though their ultimate aims are utterly diverse. But even with the: aid of the National Socialists Hie e<u: 'linatioii foil some - 8,509(*«• votes short <>f accomplishing Its purpose. By remaining away from the polls and refusing to -vote, the vast majority of Prussian voters were pictured ns having shown they were not inclined to indulge in fireworks or a new political campaign as long jis the nation is stnutgling with the economic crisis. The radicals were so enraged by their failure that they started several battles with the police, in which they suffered severely, and also they dynamited a train. CLancellor Bruenlng and Foreign Minister Curtins were In Rome having m< st friendly talks with Premier Musgniiui concerning Germany’s financial condition and European affairs gem-r---ally. They returned comparatively happy and were greeted with festivities in. Berlin. The French goverment was almost as pleased by the result of the tierman plebiscite as was that In Berlin, for it meant that the growing accord between the two nations would not be broken, and It was said in Paris that the proposed vi-it of premier Laval to Berlin was now a certainty. INTERNATIONAL experts charged with the task of dovetailing the Hoover moratorium plan and the Young plan announced in London that they had reached a .complete Hgreewent, which was signed at the treasury office. Their communique said: “Complete agreement was reached* as regards the detailed measures required to give effect to President Hoover> proposal in case of payments by GerrVany under the Hague agreement of January 20. 1930. "'•Recommendation of the experts in regard to suspension of these payments have been approved by the governments of Australia. Canada, Cxechoslovakia. Greece, India. New Zealand. Portugal, Rumania and South Africa. •'Agreement also was reached In regard to detailed measures.for suspension of interallied war debts to the United Kingdom. France and Italy of payments under agreement with Czechoslovakia. "Agreement also was reached on the principle that payments due by Hungary under tie Paris agreement of April 28. 193 Q and payments by Bulgaria under the Hague agreement of January 20. ItfiO, should be suspended during the year ending June 30. 1932. "But In this case certain adjustments must be made, as complete suspension of then* payments might result in suspension of certain classes at payments to individuals. Accord-

Ingly, the committee agreed in principle that all payments to funds ‘A’ and ‘B’ under the agreement signed at Paris on April 20, 1930. should, be continued during the Hoover year. “Negotiations are continuing in regard to adjustments required in the case of Bulgaria.” PLANTERS of the fourteen cotton states of the South are asked by the farm board to plow under ’onethird of their crop immediately, in order to enhance the price of the other two-thirds. The board sent telegrams to the governors of the states urging that this course be adopted. In return, said the board, the cotton stabilization corporation .will agree to hold off the market its 1,300,000 bales until July 31, 1932. and will urge the cotton co-operatives financed by the board to do likewise. EDWARD a. O'NEAL, president of the American Farm Bureau federation, announced at a meeting of state farm bureau leaders in Milwaukee that the federation ''must renew its demand for an equalization fee” and that the pri»sent marketing act was inadequate to cope with agriculture's -most scute, problem—control of its surplus crops." The announcement was Mid to-be unexpected by the farm board officials and the administration In Washington. “The federation has always stood for the principle of the equalization fee. ak expressed in the old McNaryHaugen bill, which provides that each unit of a commodity produced shalj bear its fair share of the cost of disposal of surplus." O’Neal said. "Desiring to see the marketing act fully tried out,° the organization for two years has not insisted upon enactment of the fee principle. It now appears all too plain that the present act does not adequately provide for the needed surplus control.” • From Washington came a story that Senator Reed of Pennsylvania, a stalwart supjmrter of the administration, is planning to bring about the abolition of the farm board in the coming session of congress.

PROBABLY to his own surpr Is e. quite a vigorous though small boom has developed tor Melvin A. Traylor, Chicago banker, as the liqmbcratic nominee for the Presidency in" ISI3L It was started in Malone and Hillsboro, Texas, where Mr. Traylor formerly liveri and where he Is

M. A. Traylor

Uii»t popular. Then, a few days later. Daniel I'pttiegrove, -president of the St. Louis Southwestern railroad, announced that lie would support the banker for the nomination, and that a ctunmiltee was being formed to further Traylors candidacy, it is not likely that Mr. Traylor takes the matter seriously except as a compliment, but those who know him and his abilities fed that the Democratic party might go further and fare worse. He Is presi(fi*tit Os the First National bank of Chicago and has been prominent In national tind International financial affairs. ■'< Representative william e. Hull of Illinois is ahotber of the members of congress who has been studying things abroad, and he has just been heard from. The special ol.jeet of Mr. Hulls investigation has 10-en ’l.'- Brat.t system of liquor’control ifi force in Sweden, and his conc.is tbr.t Sueien has solved the problem with which this and other countries are struggling. In n wont be finds the Bratt system works well. “Very careful to be sure I was getting the correct information" Mr. Hull writes. "I can truthfully say that I haven't seen a single drunken person in Sweden since I Jtave been here. The restaurants are all well patronize*!. the drinking is light and the drunkenness Is nil. The systenj, is well organized and a success.”

Senator Hebert

Senator felix Hebert of Rhode Island, chairman of the senate commit:<■»■ o n unemployment, spent the week end ar the Rapldan camp and then gave out, apparently as President Hoover's spokesman, an attack on the Ideas of a government dole and federal unemployment insurancelie asserted the

latter would inevitably lead to the dole as It operates in England. Mr. Hebert Based his conclusions upon a study of the dole abroad made during a trip from which he recently returned. He visited most of the countries of western Europe for the special purpose of Investigating unemployment insurance, and he predicts now that there will be little clamor In congress for the establishment of such a system. He said of the dole: "The main difficulty with the dole system, as it operates throughout Europe, with the possible exception of Italy, Is that It is Intertwined with politics.” ORGANIZED labor 4n certain parts of this country Is not doing much to help solve the question of unemployment. Quite the reverse. Take the Hoover dam, for instance. The workers on that big project made wage demands that construction company holding the contract considered extortionate, no 125 men qtdt work.

The superintendent Immediately shut down operations and about J.OOO men were thrown out of work. The com- - pany. be said was six months* ahead of schedule and could afford to refuse concessions that would cost $2,000 daily or $3,000,000 during the seven years allowed for completion of the dam. Living conditions for the workers on this desert job are admittedly rigorous. In Chicago thousands of men and women were thrown out of employment when more than one hundred small movie theaters closed rather than submit longer to the • demand of the motion picture, operators’ union that two operators be employed at each house. The managers said this was unnecessary and that the}’ could not afford it Extensive highway construction operations in Illinois are delayed and may not get under way before* next spring, because labor organizations objected to the rulings of a state board as to the “prevailing wage” in various districts, which must be paid for the work according to the law authorizing it. These are only a few instances of the many that might be cited. It would seem to the ordinary citizen that organized labor might well strain a point or two in suejj a time of stress. . The executive council of the American Federation of Labor adopted a declaration to the effect that there must be no reduction of wages.

MISS MARY ANdersdn, head of the women’s bureau of the Department of Labor, is a woman of ideas and the ability to express them. Having returned from Europe, she gives out an address urging a modern era for cooks and maids, a higher status for domestic service in keeping with modern indtis-

J Mary Anderson

trialism. Her program includes th’e estabflshment of training schools to fit the worker to the position through the federal employment service, and an employees life independent of the employer's household. She thinks modern apartment living means not the eventual extinction of the worker In the home but added advantages for her. “To the extent that we live in apartments the domestic worker becomes a day worker or an hour worker." she says. ‘‘That in itself elevates such service. The old living-in system had a tendency toward the attitude of servitude. The dignified worker. coming in. doing the day’s work and going out again, is thore like the office worker or factory worker.” Miss Anderson also points out that apartment living must necessarily give apportunity for much part-time work. PRESIDENT HOOVER'S fiftyseventh birthday came on August 10. but he entirely disregarded the anniversary. Returning from the Rapidan camp, fie spent tfie remainder of tfie day in work as usual, and though Mrs. Hoover had hurried hack from there were no guests for dinner. COL. LVKE T.EA, Nashville publislter. his son. Luke Lea. Jr. and four others were indicted by the grand jury in Nashville on citarges of Conspiracy in connection with the affairs of the defunct Liberty Rank and Trust company. , . SHARPLY criticizing "third degree” methods in police force administration. which it found to be vvidespread in both cities and rural communities, the Wickersham commission reported to President Hoover that “it remains beyond doubt that the practice is shocking in its character and extent, violative of American tradiJions and institutions, and not to be tolerated." *• Citing many instances of police brutality and unfair tactics by officers, the commission declare*! that the trend toward “lawlessness In law enforcement" has resulted in “a deplorable prostration of the processes of Justice,” and jjrged that congress enact a code of federal criminal procedure which might serve as a model for the states. DELEGATES from nearly all "nations were present when the press b congress of the world opened In Mexico City. Men and wopien from North and South America, Europe and the Orient were welcomed at a reception given by Senator Don Ijitnberto Hernandez, head of the district. The inaugural meeting was directed by- Frank L. Martin, acting <iea.i of the school of journalism of the l.’niversity of Missouri, and the guests were addressed by Dr. Don Jose Manuel Puig rttsaurano. secretary of public education. The newsI paper men of Mexico then gave the delegates a theater party, and next afternoon they were received at Chapuitepec castle by President Ortiz Rubio. On Wednesday there was an excursion to the archaeological excavations at San <Juan Teotihuacan, and on Friday, the closing day of the congress. a great fiesta was held In the stadium. Os course between these festive affairs the delegates transacted considerable business, much of it through their eommittees, and at the three general sessions some serious and thoughtful addresses were delivered. PARKER CRAMER, the aviator who was mapping out a northern air mail route to Europe, got as far aS Lerwick in the Shetland islands safely on his way to Copenhagen and then ran into trouble that, it is feared at this writing, rwulted in his death. Colonel and Mrs. Lindbergh were held up at Point Barrow for three days by adverse weather conditions; and they took off for Nome. However, dense fogs compelled them to come down on the north coast of the Seward peninsula, about 75 miles from Nome, which is on the south coast of that peninsula. When the fbg lifted they went on to Safety bay, near Noma. <gk IML WMtsra. Newspaper Onion.)

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

NATIVE CUNNING OF FOXES AND WOLVES Classed by Hunters as .Wiser Than Other Denizens of the W oods. Which is superior in wit and cunning. the fox, famous since Biblical times, or the wolf, who was known well in the days of ancient Rome and, no doubt, even earlier in history ? While not pretending to settle the long-mooted question, John A. Hope, in an article published in the American Forests and Forest Life, tells of his personal experiences with botn animals, leaving the reader to decide for himself. Mr. Hope has known the fox since boyhood and the timber wolf for some forty years in the forests and mountains of Canada. Both, he says, are gifted with a more acutely intelligent cunning in self-preservation than any other species of wild life, with the exception of the brown Asiatic rat. . Each animal, however, depends for safety upon widely divergent phases of woods strategy. Mr. Hope points out. and the individual must judge for himself in which phase of woodcraft, the most cunning is displayed under all conditions, toward first prize. ' “A wolf invariably fights shy. of steel traps, dead falls, poisoned bait and other instruments set for his capture, and generally successfully," Mr. Hope states, "even though ho human taint be present. Nor will he, as a r-le. cross or run along a snowshoe trail made by a human, even when this trail cuts between him and a previous kill he is anxious to dine off in the dark hours. Knowing that this track is foreign to his territory, his native cunning comes into play. He is seldom seen in the daytime ami a sixth sense seems to warn him always of unseen danger. "I have seen scores of foxes by daylight,” Mr. Hope continues, “and have even picked off many with a rifle, without their seeing me or even knowing whence death came. The fox I have caught within twenty hours in steel traps set bare hajfeds and covered with dry grass, moss, or earth, in temperate weather —no bait used. The same conditions apply to poisoned bait And a fox will not hesitate to run along tracks by snowshoes or prints mad-? by boots." On the other hand, it- is pointed out. a wolf depends upon speed and endurance to evade capture, and if in danger of capture at the end of a run. will turn and fight with savage

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courage. Few dogs. In a no-quarter fight, come off victorious. The fox. instead of depending upon speed and endurance relies upon its wits. “From the moment a dbg picks up its scent," Mr. Hope writes, “the fox utilizes every bit of cover on its run for life, to twist and turn, out-flank and break back, head for a lake or river, paddling miles up and down stream, if necessary, to throw hounds off its scent—and do it successfully nine times out of ten. It will dodge into badger earths and burrows, caves and hollow trees and even jump into the limbs of thickly branched trees, springing from one branch to another. Overhauled, it, too, will fight hard for its life, but being smaller than any domestic dog as fast as itself, it is invariably killed.” Gave Sound Reason for Multiplicity of Wives Maurice Hindus, the Russian authority. was talking about his experiences in Russia. “In Russia the unrestricted divorce law is abused.” he said. "Its abusers don't think so. though.” “I lunched one day in Moscow with a commissar who had already had 14 wives, and he was only twentynine years old. “He said it was t* his wives that he owed his success, so naturally the more wives the merrier. He said without his wives' counsel and sup-' port he’d still have beei a s ioemak er’s apprentice. ‘Then he wound up with an epigram. "‘The born leaders of men,’ he said, 'are women.’ ’’ Movie* Movies of surgical operations are being used to teach operative procedure to student nurses. The new system gradually habituates the nurse to the atmosphere of the operating room and she Is prepared to attend operations without fainting on the first occasion, writes R. Fawn Mitchell in Hygeia Magazine. s . Thank Goodnet* The mayor had Just laid the foundation stone of a new wing for the hospital, and the spectators awaited his speech. “What can I do. Mary?" whispered the mayor to his wife. “I'Ve laid the stone on top of it” Roman Decadence The use of poison in the Rome of the emperors was a common method of taking life and wreaking vengeance on an opponent or enemy. Don’t accept any useless obligations. One’s yoke is heavy enough.

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BEFORE THE COMING OF THE WHITE MAN Abundant Proof That Indians Had Villages on Site of the Capital. There are many evidences that before the coming of the white man Indians spoke the language of the great Algonquian family which covered the East coast, and for this reason the Algonquians were met by John Smith at Jamestown and by the jPilgrims at Plymouth. Dr. Waiter Hough writes, in the Washington Post. Accustomed as we are to the buckskin of the western Indians, we will he surprised to know that Powhatan’s braves had nary a shirt to their backs, robes taking their place. The women wore short skirts and the children dispensed’ with clothes. Os course, in the cold months ot winter the Indians withdrew into their houses and enjoyed the stores of corn, smoked fish, hickory nuts and such things as they had laid up. The houses wgre of bent poles covered with mats and were in shape like a hayrick seen on farms. ° -. . It may seem unfortunate that the District of Columbia Indians left so few traces of their life here. Archeologists trained to the work are able to see much in small things and tn tell the story without straining the imagination. One picks up an arrowhead, say, at Afiacostia. It Is of a certain stone and worked from a bowlder most likely at the Piney Branch quarry. He knows that the irrotf was fixed with sinew at the end of a wooden shaft, straight and smooth; which was notched at the end to receive the string: also that it was feathered to guide its flight. The arrowhead was found at Anacostia and belonged there because it is the right kind of stone. An-

other variety of stone would indicate that it was a point made by the hostile Indians livfng on the Susquehanna or where the certain stone was found. The District of Cplumbia Indians were in the Stone and imperishable stone tools left in the soil are silent though eloquent of the qld times. The river life of the Potomac In IGOS must have been very interesting. John Smith tells of divers savages in canoes, well laden with the flesh of bears, deer and other beasts. Some-<of these dug»out canoes are in the Potomac mud po doubt now. There were many places to paddle not open today. Boats could move about freely where the new government buildings are going up, and the eastern branch was a great river 300 years ago. At night, reflected in the undulating Potomac, were the lights of the torches of fishermen, and -over the smouldering fires of the primitive s gridirons the catch was smoked for the winter. Land trails also centered In the District, leading to the Susquehanna and on tc the West. Braddock used an. old trail to Cumberland worn deeply in old times by Indian moccasins. In its natural conditions or only slightly aware of the presence of man, the District must have been an ideal place for savage life. Every family could have a deer a day and not decrease the herd ; a bear once in a while, wild Trukey, What birds, fish, roasting ears and ripe corn would vary the fare. TJlie coming of the white man to Jamestown In 1607 was a small entering wedge into a vast territory, and perhaps we would -think it of little effect on the District. On the contrary, in 75 years there was not an Indian left in the valley of the Potomac,' the same story that b<fr came old ak the white man pushed the remainders west. The District was settled by hardy pioneers and a- new line of history began.