The Syracuse Journal, Volume 24, Number 17, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 20 August 1931 — Page 3

General Pershing’s Story of the A. E. F. (Copyright, I*3l. In all nountrieo by the North Ameri- General can New.paper Alliance. World rights reserved, SSSasff"' ‘■'"•“-wlTsii: John J. Perohing

CHAPTER XLlV—Continued It seemed to me then that If this picture of civilization engaged in the. persecution of Innocent and unarmed noneombatants, mostly women and children, could be brought home to all peoples, reason would be forced upon rulers and governments where too often their passions and ambitions assume} control. As a result of the German successes against the French something akin to a panic prevailed in Paris. Probably a milllion people left during the spring and there was grave apprehension among the officials lest the city be taken. Plans were made to remove the government to Bordeaux and we ourselves were prepared to remove our offices. CHAPTER XLV The Second division assumed the offensive June 6,191 S arid began a series of attacks which culminated some three weeks later in the capture of the last German positions in the Hois de Belleau by its marine brigade and of Vaux by its regular brigade. The fighting during most of this‘period was of peculiar intensity. The German lines were favorably located on commanding ground and were made .more, formidable by the extensive use of machine guns, especially >i> Belleau . .Wood. In the Initial advance Harbord's ma!c .. d )'■ t>-s. ',«•<. a ml ' Lewis' re.;;, ! ar brigade t«>. »|c Triangle farm and Hols de la Burette. During the next few day's our troops progressed pie. eineal. June 15 the Severn th- infantry. Third dl.ision, arrived to reinforce the marine brigade engaged in the wood. T 's regiment relieved He brigade on that date and the marines were rested for a week, when they again entered the line. Against stubborn resistance. they drove the enemy from the wood June Regulars Capture Vaux. Meanwhile the regular brigade continued its attacks Intermittently, and July 1, with great dash, captured Vaux - m d t ’ •• B<> * de la- IL ■ -I! e «»j>« ra tiutis of the division in (his vicinity were practically at an end when tirts new lines ’were stabilized on the high ground captured from the enemy. .. r '1 1..- < a -*i,i ?:-i t ':<> <... - u ere about More than < •**» p -->tierwere captured from the enemy. The gains by the Second division with Httle tlank by the Irem-fi units, whi< h w. re -stid in poor -shape, and were. made': against tm enemy aeterm lied to crush this early Amoricnln effort. The strn- <•< ..s <>f.ills d:\t- m. am! of the l.rsi wt Caiitigtiy :md 'the Thirl on the Marne, following ak they did the crisis of May. 27, w. re Ijomllv nlmmed by the French, and for the tithe being had a very stimulating effect upon French morale. With the transfer of activities to the Fron. It front] northeast of Paris, otjr plan to build up an American corps near Amiens had he.-<>me impracticable, and as I had offered ih-nerai I’etnin . the services of our-divisions wherever they .might be’ 1 needed it now Uppe.nn-d possible to 'ferm at least S corps and possibly an army somewhere along the Marne mtlient. U. S. Divisions Relieve French, I hiid, sugges.ed, that we should bring o’lie" division* to Join rhe Second and'Third for that purpose,, and ' ni.-cord.ng'.v l .v- .gv Sixth ami Forty sc< i-nd were relieved from the inactive t'.oges front, and five American div from the British area Were de* minted to be s<-nt to that : • • e f • ■•m li divisions.- The assembly of four -American division* in aid of rhe French on that front would more than offset their recent losses. General Petain, In his letter accepting my offer, said In part; •T must express niy deep gratitude for the prompt and important aid you' are bringing in the present crisis. The American troops already engaged in the battle are the unanimous admiration of the whole French army. The power of the effort which your country is at present showing, as well hs the resolute and generous spirit with which yon enter th# struggle, is for the allies—and above all for. France —a comfort In the grave times through which we are passing, and a pledge of hope for the future." What If Paris Should Fall? Leaving the suggestion with General Petain, without further discussion. I returned to Paris, arriving June 8. morning I called OU Premier Clemenceau, and on that morning the fourth phase of the great German offensive started between Montdidler Hv«nd the Oise. Reports indicated that It meeting considerable success. Mentioning this to M. Clemenceau. I asked him what he thought would be the Afsult if Paris st>- uld fall. M. Clyd»encenu replied that he and Mr. LloydVlrorge had considered that 1 possibility. \and had reached the conclusion the/ would do everything in their power to save Paris, but If it should be loM they would go on fighting. • Above Paris, is France," he added, •and above France Is civilization." As I was leaving he came to the door with me. and I said: "It may not look encouraging jusjt now, but we are certain to win in the end.", He clung to niy band and in a tone that showed the utmost solicitude he re plied: “Do you really think that? 1 am glad to hear you say It." This was the first and only time ♦har t ever sensed any misgiving tn the mind of this resolute man. Notwithstanding our occasional rather heated discussions on the use to be made of American troops. I admired him greatly. It always seemed to me ha represented the true spirit of con-

fidence and courage of the French people. *■ I then motored to General Foch’s headquarters at Bombon. We considered my proposal to form an American corps near Chateau Thierry, to which he readily agreed He spoke especially of the fine work bf our troops. ® I asked how a German drive which threatened or perhaps captured Paris Would affect the armies and the people. His reply was almost word for word like M. Clemenceau's. They had evidently discussed the possibility of losing Paris. He. too, was certain the armies would go on with the war. Foch spoke so positively: and with such evident feeling that 1 was moved to get up and shake his hand. Concentrate West of Marne. Meanwhile the Fourth and Twentyeighth divisions, eh route from the British front to the northeast of France were stopped at General Foch's request In the vicinity of Villers Cotterets, the object being to concentfate several of our divisions on the west of the Marne, salient, pri T marily as a precaution against another German-offensive there, but ultimately for possible use on the offenThe Sis-oml, Third, Twentysixth and Forty-second were in that area and with’the Fourth and Twentyeighth there was a force equivalent to twelve French divisions, although some of these units were without artillery. An encouraging circumstance at the moment was the.kttecest of the French in holding Von H.utler’s attack on the Montdidier-Npyon front. This fourth phase of the German offensive was an effort not only to widen the vulnerable Marne pocket but to secure the railway between t'ompeigne and Soissons and open the way to Paris. The anniversary of the arrival of our advance contingent in France was ' ■ ■■ ’i es D>.-,-,y congratulations on the part of 1 the French. CHAPTER XLVI The demands for American divi- : *' 1 r ' tju'v engaged,'the First being slated , to go to the r< '-ene near the Chateau 1 Tl. erry salient when relieved from •C The Second wa*.still in I line .at Belle.a»r wood, and the Third h <>t" ti e Marne. Geto-ra) Foch fad asked for fivexif .the divisions recently arrived that were training with the British. Os I !.h< -e the Fourth and Twenty eighth. ! while <■:> route to the quiet Vos-.-o -e> • tor to relieve‘■French (livisbui*, had been diverted to the reseree hear the ; western fax* of the Marne salient - - I he Thirty t ft h moved to the vicinity Os Eplnai :ip'i the -'Seventy seventh i was about to enter the trenches In the Baccarat sector to replace the Forty•e ond, whlch .waa to reinforce G<marqiy east of Bheitns. The Eighty-s<x-ond Itad started for the Tout sector t« relieve the Twenty sixth, which I in turn was soon to relieve the Second. Thus there were*three American divisions in quiet sectors and seven either in the battle line or hehl in readit to meet any eventuality which might result from further ac- ! th tty of the Germans in the great - British Displeased. The r.r tish were at the i trati-fer of our divisions from their ; an a. claiming priority to retain them ; by i.-as<<n of hnring bi i o\er. W hen General 1-och Inquired of the eomlitiVi.’-.s under which these troops were Berving with the British.

LOCATION AMERICAN DIVISIONS JULY 18.1918 •! ® Ba-rJe r ' n " InternabonaJ eS Numerals indicate Divisions t X. r- i P \ circled numerals those not tfi line. , ' y' e / •<£ o so iqo miles i&hjLITITL&L ? O \ (a— O’’* ? ’SO ’ * KO % 150 KILOMETERS t / . Am, ens V/?t.Quentin YiXKEMB®yZ^ & @ Cherbourg K > [ Tit. pßeims^9^gy CT s.)(. GERMANY MW-cL ** WdunQ XfeMeu «Qsnsjt Paris i \■' ’ •) -J CNeufchateau Ak • i z-ju ' si V \ o I Colmar j © > k 2V \5 haumo @ /-1 ° j Xik % v E mi ®( TourSx< ® \ J '■ fswrrzEßLP

Nature Not Generous With Gift of Oratory

Speeches can now be broadcast to ] millions of people but science as yet has been unable to do a tiling to improve the speeches. Eugenists, given time, think they can—by Improving the species. How rare is -the genius of true oratory; rarer far than that of poet sculptor or painter, F. H. Collier comments, in the St Louis Globe-Dem-ocrat America has never had but one Daniel Webster. It has produced a score to enchant us in music with their voices, others to read the lines of drama with t.elling effect but the orator who sweeps his audience along with himself in enthusiasm is oue in tea million.

my reply made it clear that he had entire authority to direct where they should go in the emergency, as without It the theory of a supreme command would fail. The rapid succession of German offensives had seriously crippled the allies, and not only materially reduced their powers of resistance but had depressed their morale and caused the darkest misgivings among them. They grew more and more fearful lest the enemy might still have untold reserves ready to swell his forces. That the morale of the allies was low was shown by the conclusions of many of their soldiers returning from the front to the rest areas. — Reports from the British front were no better. Their troops continuously told our men who were with them for training that we had come too late and that our entry into the battle would only postpone allied defeat. This attitude seemed so alarming that I took steps to prevent such a spirit front affecting our army by promptly reporting the facts to allied authorities. The presence of such sentiments was another important reason for opposing any form of amalgamation. Vastness of Request Unrealized. Far short had we fallen of the expectations of the preceding November, when Fbch. General Robertson of the British, and I had joined 4n an urgent appeal for twenty-four trained American divisions by the following June. It is small wonder that the allies were now so insistent in urging increased and continuous shipments of men, trained or untrained. • So serious was the situation regarded that it was no longer a demand t}.r tvAenty-four division# but for one hundred. It is probable that the, vastness of this request was not fully realized, or else the allie« had greatly exaggerated ideas of our povyer of accomplishment. surprising as it actually proved to be. . A brief calculation of : hose demands of the. prime ministers showed that they were asking more than 2,50(1,000 combatant troops by the following spring, which, augmented by those required for the services of supply, conservuiheiy calculated fir.a well-bal-e situated in ■. forefen country under the circumstances that surrounded us. would amount at least to ;j«Mi.<MH,i men. The American combatant force .would thus have equaled 200 divisions of the allies, and their apprehension may be imagined when we realize that this was greater by one-fourth than the combined allied armies of IG2 divisions then on .the western front Saw 3,000,000 as Limit. Although no such number as this could have been considered feasible, as it is unlikely that it could have been either transported, equipped or supplied, it was necessary. In view of the situation, to lay plans for bringing over all we could. After giving the question careful study, it seemed to me that U. 000.000 men would be the limit we could hope to reach by the spring qf 1919. . This, roughly, would provide atMeast Sixty-stX or possibly over seventy combatant divisions, the rest being necessary for the noncombatant service. As we had hitherto made estimates based, upon a Total force of men. it was quite imperative that calculations should be made on the increased basis and that work everywhere in the A. E. F. should now have that end in view. A cable I sent June 21 set forth the reasons for fixing the program for

i Most of the people who say something stirring, do it with the pen. Thought flows easily from the fingers but apparently not from the tongue. Many are expert and convincing in their speech making—dealing mainly In facts and cogent arguments; but that is not oratory in its highest sense; the oratory of Mark Antony, of Demosthenes, of Burke, Os Henry Ward Beecher, of Robert Ingersoll, of Phillips Brooks. In some instances, eloquence has become grandiloquence; whereas effective elocution, moving the emotions and remaining permanently as a fine structure of rhetorical value is always

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

the future definitely at 3.000,000 men as a minimum, and urged upon the War department the utmost effort to meet our immediate requirements for the expansion of port facilities and railroads. A detailed study of the troop shipments and required was included. My cable closed: “There is nothing so dreadfully important as winning this war, and every possible resource should be made immediately available. Mr. Secretary, the question is so vital to our country arid the necessity of winning the war is so great that there is no limit to which we should not go to carry out the plan I have outlined for the next ten months, and we must be prepared to carry it on still further after that at the same rate or maybe faster.” CHAPTER XLVII The Thirty-second, Thirty-fifth, Forty-second and Seventy-seventh divisions were now in training under the recently organized Third corps. Especial effort was being made to hasten their preparation in both staff and line in anticipation of an early call for more serious service. * I inspected these troops June 19-22, 1918, and my impressions were favorable, although a number of officers were found unfamiliar with the principles of tactical leadership. In such hastily trained units this was hardly surprising, especially in view of the known defects of the instruction at home. Many were found with but slight appreciation of the natural defensive possibilities of a given position. Some battalion and even regimental commanders had not thought to ascertain the exact location of their front lines, and of course had failed to work out the details of preparation against a possible attack. » My predilection for detailed Instruction in minor<~tactiqs, grewing out of my personal supervision of training In both small and" large units, led me quickly to discover defic’encies. My diary notes the establishment of the military board of allied supply at this time. June 22. 1918. It was expected to study questions of supply and adopt proper measures for the coordination of allied resources and utilities. Col. Charles G. Dawes, who had charge in a more limited sphere of the co-ordination of our own supply departments, was detailed as the American member of the board. Lauds Courage of Negro Troops. Cables from the War depiirtnient June 22 stated that the colored people at home were being told that negro soldiers in France were always placed in the most dangerous positions, being sacrificed to save white troops, and were often left on the field to die without medical attention. -It was not difficult to guess the origin of this sort of propaganda. As a matter of.fact, none of tliese troops had been in line except in quiet sectors. Those I had recently seen were in fine spirits and seemed keen for active service. The ordy' colored combat troops In France were those of the Ninety-sec-ond division, then in a quiet sector in the Vosges, and the four infantry regiments of the Ninety-third, each attached to a French division. Several individuals serving with the French had already received tne croix de guerre for conduct in rjiids. Clemenceau at Chaumont. Prime Minister Clemenceau, General Foch and M. Andre T.irdieu, with Generals Weygand and Mordacq, came to Chaumont June 23, 1918. for j conference on the increase of American man power. M. Clemenceau's , popularity In France was probtibiy at its height. As this was his first visit to Chaumont the people turned out eh masse, crowded Into the plaza and gave him a rousing welcome. I+is reception within the hotel de ville by the officials, civil and military, was marked, by eloquent speeches. In his remarks M. Clemenceau gave the people every encouragement, making special reference to the increasing forces the Americans were sending over. (TO BE

restrained; such as Lincoln’s address at Gettysburg; and Webster's debate with Hayne. Watchful Waiting “T believe in moral suasion," said Uncle Eben. “When my boy don’ show me rightful respect, I jes’ waits to see what’ll happen when he talks to some o’ de big boys in de neighborhood same as he does to me.’’— Washington Star. “Queen of Flowers" The most popular of flowers, the rose, is to be found in almost every country north of the equator. More i than one hundred species of rose have ■ been described and more than 2,000

improved Uniform International Sunday School ’ Lesson ’ (By REV. P. B. FITZWATER. D. D.. Member of Faculty. Moody Bible Institute of Chicago.) (©. 1931. Western Newsnaner Union.) "™3 Lesson for August 23 A GOSPEL FOR ALL MEN LESSON TEXT—Acts 10:J-ll:18. GOLDEN TEXT —For there Is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same Lord over all ia rich unto all that call upon him. PRIMARY TOPIC —The Gospel for Everybody. JUNIOR TOPIC —The Gospel for Everybody. INTERMEDIATE AND SENIOR TOPIC —First Steps in World Brotherhood. YOVNG PEOPLE AND ADULT TOPIC—The Gospel for All Men. In the lesson for August 2 we saw the missionary program of the church: broadened to Include the Samaritans. We see in this lesson the program still widening and embracing the Gentiles. The conversion of Cornelius illustrates the breaking dqwn of “the middle wall of partition’ 1 (Eph. 2:14). I. Cornelius (10:1. 2). 1. His official position (v. 1). lie was a Roman officer over a company of one hundred soldiers. 2. His character (v. 2). a. A devout. pious man. b. A praying man. c. A charitable man. 11. The Supernatural Preparation for the Transition of the Gospel to the Gentiles (10:3-33). 1. Two visions were given (vv. 3-16). (a). The vision of Cornelius (w. 3-S). While engaged in prayer an angel of God announced that his prayer and alms had come before God as a memorial and instructed him to send to Joppa for Peter who would tell him what to do. (b). The vision of Peter (vv. 9-16). This took place while Peter was praying (v. 9). .He saw a certain vessel containing clean and unclean animals let down from heaven, and heard the command. “Rise Peter, kill and eat" This vision Indicated that'both Jews and Gentiles were accented on high. 2. A messenger sent from Cornelius (vv. 17-22). Peter was greatly perplexed over what he had seen, but not for long, for messengers from Cornelius made Inquiry at the gate for .him. The Spirit informed" Peter of the matter and bado him go. nothing doubting. .3, The meeting of Cornelius and Peter’(vv. 23-33). (a). Peter took six witnesses along (v. 23). He had the .good judgment to know that, on a matter of so great importance he must have witnesses, (b). Cornelius waiting for Peter (v. 24). He had such confidence in God’s instruction that he called together his, kinsmen and friends to be ready on Peter's arrival, (c). Cornelius about to worship Peter (vv. 25, 26). Peter repudiated Jiis act and protested that he himself was but a man. (d). The rectf»Voeal explanation (vv. 27-33). Peter explained to him how God hatj taken from him his Jewish prejudice and asked why Cornelius had sent for him. Cornelius explained that God had instructed him to send for Peter. ; 111. Peter’s Sermon (vv. 34-43). 1. The introduction (vv. 34, 35). He showed that God is no respecter of persons, but that in every nation those that fear God and work righteousness are accepted of him. This, does nqt mean that Cornelius was already in a state of grace, arid therefore saved, but that he was eligible to hear the gospel and accept the terms of salvation. 2. Tlis discourse (vv. 36-43). In the discourse be touches briefly upon the mission of Jesus, showing that by means of his baptism and the anointing of the Holy Spirit he was qualified for his work as 'mediator. He then exhibited the work of Christ : (a). In his life (v'v. 36-3 s). He went about doing good, even casting out demons as a proof that God was with hirq. (b). In his death (v. 39). The just suffered for the unjust that he Blight bring ns to God (I Pet. 3:18). (c). In his resurrection (vv. 40. 41); God raised him un the third day showing openly that Christ Was his Son (Rom. 1:4) and that his sacrificial work was satisfactory (Rom. 4:25). Tn this discourse is set forth (1), The basis of salvation—the crucifixion of Christ. (2) The scope of salvation—whosoever belfeveth In him. (3) The method of appropriating sjilvation—believIng on him. IV. The Holy Spirit Poured Out (vv. 44-48). This was a new Pentecost. As the gospel was entering upon its widest mission, the Spirit came in hew power. V. Peter Vindicates His Ministry to the Gentiles (11:1-18). ■» Being called to account for having visited and eaten with Gentiles. Peter rehearsed the whole story showing how God had set his upon the work by the miraculous gift of the Spirit Ministers Need Car Prayers The minister needs the prayer of his people. He has a right to it. He is in truth dependent on it. It is his task to train Christians for their work of intercession on behalf of the church and the world. He- must begin with training them to pray for himself. He may have to begin still farther back, and learn to pray more for himself and for them. Let all intercessors who are seeking to enter more deeply into their blessed work give a larger place to the ministry, whether of their own church or of other churches I If Paul, after having preached for twenty years in the power of God. still needed the prayer of the church, how much more does the ministry in our day need it.—Andrew Murray. What Christ Does I would, like great St John In PatmoS, have communion with the living Christ It is not only what he did for me; It-la what he does. It is not oniy what he was; it is what he is. My Christian grammar cannot dispense with the present tenses of the life of Tftona A lovnnctae Qomillto Ul Tk

MigWyMountdns ...X_ Darjeeling, With Peaks of the Himalayas in the

(Prepared by the National Geographic Society. Washington. D. C.) MOUNTS Kamet and Kinchinjunga in the Himalayas have taken the 4>lace of Mount Everest this summer in the Interest of the world’s mountain climbers. Mount Kamet. 25.445 feet high, was successfully scaled by a British party on June 21. Kinchinjunga, 27.815 feet high, is now being attacked by a party >f Germans. Heretofore. Mount Kamet has seldom been heard of when the earth's highest pinnacles are being discussed, but nevertheless it is one of the select little group of Asiatic peaks that push tip farther above sea level than motinany other part of the earth. Although it ranks thirtieth among the amazing group of mountain giants that extend along the Himalaya chain and Into China, it is not greatly surpassed Jn height bv any of its fellows except Everest. 29.002 feet high; Goqdwin Austen, 28,250: Kinchinjunga. 27.815; Dhaulagirr~26.B2B, and Gosai Than, 26.3(15. All of these super-giants among mountains are in Nepal except Goodwin Austen, which is in northern Kashmir. The peak 'of Mount Kamit is situated just a stone’s throw south of the Tibetan border, in the United Provinces of India. Nearby is Nanda Devi, which tops it by less than 200 feet. These comparisons boil down to the fact that Kamet is the third highest mountain in the British empire: and by virtue of this fact it was cortsidere*! well worth a seribus attack-by mountain climbers. While Mounts Everest and Kinchinjunga are near Darjeeling, hill capital of Bengal, Mount Kamet. Js 600 miles to the northwest near Simla, hill capital of India. It lies in the Garhwal district of the United Provinces. 130 miles (tne east of Simla near the eightieth meridian of longitude. This area, came into British possession in 1814 as a result o? the Gurka war (with Nepal). This region. consists of a maze of high peaks with extremely deep valleys winding among them. Tile valleys and lower slopes are heavily wooded. Hovy Mount Kamet Is Reached. The railhead used in expeditions to Mount Kamet Is fit Kathgodam. in the United Provinces, at the southern edge of the Himalayan foothills. From, there travel is overland through valleys and up steep slopes tn Ranikhet, a hill village comparable in location to Simla. From Ranikhet the way loads over rough country and across a number of deep river gorges, to the village of Niti at 12.000 feet altitude,’ From this point both yaks and coolie bearers are used. Although numerous attempts to scale Mount Kamet have been made since 1855. no one succeeded In reaching the sunwnit until this summer. The latest expedition prior to the one that has just scaled the peak Was led in 1920 by Dr. A. M. Kollas. He reached an altitude .of 23.600 feet, but had to turn back because his native assistants were suffering from mountain sickness. On the slopes of .Mount Kamet Is one of the chief head-water glaciers of the Ganges river, Kinchinjunga is bigger game for the mountain climber than Kamet. both because of its extreme height and the steeppess of its slopes. It is the third highest mountain in the world, reaching upward five and one-third miles above sea level. Os the three highest [“’•'‘k*—Everest, Goodwin Austen, and Kinchinjunga—the latter is most inaccessible. It lies 45 miles north of Darjeeling in an air line, bnt the road that one must travel across canyohs. over ridges and around intervening peaks, is much longer. Darjeeling has been headquarters for the several expeditions that have tried unsuccessfully to scale Kinchinjunga in j*ast years. Like Simla, 700 miles farther west, and Srinagar in Kashmir. Darjeeling is a godsend to persi>iring Europeans who must spend the hot period in India. But it is more than a cool retreat: it is a matchless observation post, when the clouds permit, for the mightiest mountain scenery that the world affords. And the outstanding sight to the northward, across deep chasms and beyond tier after tier of foothillls. is the mighty Kinchinjunga. buttressed by half a dozen’ peaks from 20.000 to 24,000 feet in altituxje. Darjeeling on the Foothills. Darjeeling stands on a sort of stage before and above which sweep the amphitheater slopes of Himalayan foothills that rises about 7,000 feet from the Belgian plains. On the side toward the mountains the ridge drops away for approximately 6,000 feet forming what might, in American terminology, be called "the Grand Canyon of the Ranjit,” but whose heavily forested slopes and tropically luxuriant floor earns in India the more poetic name of ‘‘Vale’ of Ranjit” It is across this titanic valley and beyond over ranges of foothills, lower

than that on- which Darjeeling sits, that one looks to mighty Kinchinjunga. The eye therefore sees a rise of approximately 7,000 feet, a range of altitude to be seen in few if any other places in the world, since most of the highest mountains rise from lofty plateaus. Darjeeling has characteristics unlike those or most towns: It can hardly be said to hifve streets. Most of the buildings face bn paths or walks which run along the main ridge and out onto its minor spurs, or work their way by serpentine routes to other paths that cling to the steep sides of the 'slopes. Steps, too, serve in place of roads, connecting terraces that rise one above the other. One of the few carriage roads is a driveway that skirts the lower end of the main ridge and leads below to the subur't Lebong and its barracks for British soldiers. f The villas, bungalows, shops, government buildings, hospitals, churches, schools, barracks and native huts that make up Darjeeling and its suburb form pendant communities, like giant saddle-bags thrown over the ridge. Dwellings are scattered down the slopes for a thousand feet, the gYound floors of one tier on q level with the roofs' of the next tier below. If one must cover much spaqe in Darjeeling o he rides on pony back or is carried in a litter by sous servants. The center of Darjbeling is Observatory hill, a knoll oh the crest of the ridge. Topping the knoll,is a Buddhist monument and surrounding it is. a small forest of staffs frorii which prayer flags flutter supplications. From the benches neqr the monument one may sit, when misffbnd clouds do not interfere, and ta|<e advantage of Darjeeling’s best view of ipigldy Kinchinjunga and its fellows. Hut often The vigil is .fruitless. It is only for relatively brief periods during spring and early winter that one may be sure of long, uninterrupted views of the towering granite and Ice walls and snowy slopes to the pbrth. Looking Across to the Peaks, Standing* on the Darjeeling ridge when the air is free of. mists, the observer first; looks down, deep dowq" 6.060 feet into a river gorge choked with tropical jungle,. Then ids eves rise to the rice fields reflecting the blue sky and the tea plantations. T’p and hip to the Temperate Zone trees, then tn the pine forests crowning lower mountains. The observer peens over half a dozen intervening ridges into the dark mysterious depths of valleys. Then lie Sees the bare uplands above the trep tine and finally the beginning of the snows. Long white glaciers drape the mountain mass whose two-pronged peak half fills the sky. The world seems to be walled on the north. There is no such thing as a horizon; Kinchinjunga closes the view lik& an exquisite screen. The vertical height Is to the length, at this point of vantage as one is to eight; that is, as a tree 60’feet high appears when viewed at the distance of one average city block, In terms of familiar American views, Kinchinjunga, seen from Darjeeling, Is like the Washington monument as It appears from the west veranda of the Capitol or the Woolworth building as seen from the Jersey shore. Darjeeling well earns its popularity as a summer resfftj. While on the steamy plains of Bengal,‘a few miles away, the mercury climbs in summer above 100 degrees Fahrenheit, it seldom tops 75 decrees at Darjeeling: and in winter 35 degrees marks the low point of the temperature range. The unpleasant featrire of the weather 1s furnished by the heavy rains. Ten feet of water fall each year, and some of the storms are violent. Darjeeling’s name means “Place of the Thunderbolt.” Four-fifths of the year’s precipitation falls between the first of Jiine and the last of September. Getting to Darjeeling involves a trip on a little toylike railway with twofoot guage that winds from the village of Siliguri on the plains, to the crest of the Darjeeling ridge. The little road scorns racl s and pinions and conquers the steep slope hv mgny a snaky fqld. It does however, employ a picturesque substitute for cogs. A native squats over the forward buffers of the little locomotive and trickles sand on the rail when the wheels slip. The tigiin first penetrates dense, tiger-infested ’forests, crossing many ravines with tumbling water far below. Later it comes out onto the sunny slopes of the open tea fields and works Its way through thesG to the crest gs the ridge. Native's of the-region of Kinchinjunga believe the snow peaks to be the abode of the evil spirits. High up the sides of the mountains they builit monasteries in which they pray for deliverance from the evil spirits. They tldnk that to climb the peaks is to tempt death.