The Syracuse Journal, Volume 24, Number 13, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 23 July 1931 — Page 7

— t II i General Pershing’s |=ss| i <+> Newspaper Alliance. + Story of the A. E. F. ==s x or in part prohibited,) ♦ By Gen. John J. Pershing |

CHAPTER XXXV — Continued It was} a source of real regret to me not to command the First division In person," ami this, coupled with the fact that.' its entry into the battle .■■was <.f consi<i>Tai»l<> m*>m*-nt. led me. to sjie.-ik :i word of confidence and encouragement, When the officers, about •."Mi in all. were assembled in the grounds of the chateau occupied ■ ;>< d visjoh headquarters they formed a rare group. • 'I • -• .-nffid z n:*-n, 1., r>lqned '.by the strenuous work of the fall ami by two months in winter trenches, fairly radiated the spirit of and promise t'b.J .Vm-r---b ii's effort Would prove her son’s the j equals■ {of. their forefathers.. The First division saw its first r::i mr, pfl'.msA <■ -■ *J ■' *'*s'.- l iter, a brilliaftt counterattack at <‘ant:gny, 111 the A'-:;> si ■ mr. Wanted the A E. F. United. That! afterm»on 1 motored to Sarctis to see! General 1 “ h nod sound him out regarding the prospect* of uniting our diiisi'H.s in a sector of our own. II told him that the secretary of war when .01 I'r im e laid expressed, an . earnest desire to hasten the formation of an American army and that this was also .the wish of the President. It was my opinion, I said, that early action ■ W ' aid be of great importance " fn stlmuiatlng the morale of our troop* and pf our people. N<w that s the First division was to-gp into line I i soon to hear that an American army 1 was engaged .on its own front. I «Ug-| jhe possibility that the corps might be assembled near the First di- j x.-aci as a b< ginning. I General Foch agreed In principle to ■ the (suggestion, but was uncertain .■when the other divisions could be SpatiKJ. which L «f course, fully apjr< . .ated. He I ■ it il.e siietuv was very aggressive and referred to the severe attack against the British on the l.ys between Lens 5 and Tprea, which began on the 9th and was stilic in progress. But looking beyond. 1 insisted that the Twenty - : \th and Forty seem q d a* niigtlt be withdrawn at any time from quiet sectors, to be followed by the Second and the Thirty-second and also, the Third a few days later. 1 pointed out that this, force, of * x «tiv .~ Including the/First, would eqii d twelve French dlyiMon*. ■ am! ' gave it as my- opinion'that it would besbetter to trite this American group | fori active ope:atiohs than to detain the units In quiet sectors and send 1 refich'divisions'to the battle front. ■ My understanding aft«y this dis-’tts-sio/i was very definite that the plan wop’d soon be carried out, leaving the exact time and place to be determined. It {was..immaterial to me just w.here it should occur, the point being to get it done. j Hard Fighting on the Lys. .■The <.■■■■'■•■. offensive on.. the .l.ys. '..was ianother formidable effort to, break the/British line.- The attack . Wa* made to the'north and smith of Armentieres <»n a front of 24 miles by ■ 3® (Jerman divisions. ..The exhausted British, though they fought with moat Oitiii > tid dde courage and sL.il, were * /fiyrced again to yield with heavy losses t<> themselves nnd the Portuguese, consisting of two divisions, who were _ ._ with ..'I Several TTench divisions' were Hus- I Tied to the Lys front." but it was a j xt'celc. after the attack began before they were put into the Tine. They then relieved British divisions at the famous Kenimei hill, only to be surprised ahd defeated themselves April milch to their chagrin. The battle was practically ended by the last of the month, with a gain by the Gertmms of ten or eleven miles and the {capture of Important territory from the British, but with failure to take Mazebrouck. CHAPTER XXXVt It was always stimulating to one’s morale to visit the headquarters of j t’.e Canadians, where one soon caught the fine spirit of that superb body. 1 made such a visit in the spring of and talked with their corps commander. Lieut. Gen. Sir Arthur j 4‘urrie; his chief of staff. Major General Weber; his chief of engineers, ■ Major General Lindsay, and others | nnd had tea with them. The alertness and confidence of I these neighbors of ours and the excellent record they had made and ' were still making gave us as much ' gratification as though they had been . our own. I remember this visit with I much pleasure and recall the prediction of the Canadians that Amer- ' leans would soon play an Important part in the war. General Currie deplored the fact that the British had so easily given up ■1 Paschendaele ridge, which the year before he had been told must be taken at all costs and for which the Canadians made the tremendous sacrifice of 16,000 casualties. Call* at British G. H. Q. At the invitation of Sir Douglas Haig. British commander in chief. I went to the British general headquarters April 20 to discuss the training of «ur troops with the British and study operations in progress. We ware always made welcome at British headquarters. It so happened that on the day of our arrival Lord iferby. who had just been relieved as fSninister of war by Lord Milner, was there en route to Paris as British ambassador. During dinner the conversation ran along freely, as though we were members of the official family. At length Lord Derby apd Sir Douglas drifted to the subject of British politicians. It would betray no confidence to say that there was considerable criticism of some who held prominent places. JThe coalition government came in for

its share because of its attitude toward the military high command. 1 took advantage of the opportunity while on the British front to visit the Nordaques area to inspect the advance elements of the Seventy-sev-enth division, one of the divisions selected for training with the’ British. We took luncheon with Brig. Gen, Evan M. Johnson, then temporarily in command, ami his staff officers. He ies of the men. but said they were very much behind In their training. Makes Agreement With Haig. At Sir Douglas' headquarter* he and I reached an understanding aS to the train;! ■! administration of our troops that were to be temporarily i with the British. In ‘the first place, they were t<> be allocated by I !•.■••:.■< t.> British skeleton divisions u schedule ds might ’be I h-tio.] upon. The training staffs of • British divisions were to be at the disposal of these regiments, especially f<>r instruction tn the use of the rifle and machine gun and the handling of gss. ( ■ . ■■ '. After that, and with the approval of their American, division commander, the regiments were to be atf.ciwd to a Brit sh division in line, so each of the thre<s battali<»ns of the 1 regiment wduld have -ti e opportunity j • , ■ with the t hree bri- ; gadv- in each British division,. These ‘ biittaiior.s were tb.be commanded by i their own officers as-a part of the I . brigade, while the staff of. the j Anterit g • t W < to be at- r tached to that of the brigade, : In the next Stage the American I regimetffk. with (heir three battalions : united under the regimental commander. .were to act as a brigade in a British division. The final stage would find the four American regiments of each division united ns such ■ umier its own officers, the artillery r :<■ British until the afjival of its} own artillery brigade. I Iq carrying out this scheme the tendency at first was for British officers actually to assume command of our unit* In training. Our officers in most cases permitted this to be done until it was cheeked by my orders that ••Afnerican units must be eotninanded in training by the officers and noncomtuissioned officers who are to command them in battle,” and that American troop* would in ail cases be commanded in battle only by Americans. Talks Shipping in London. Following a suggestion by Lord Milner. I went to Imndon April 22, ibis, to* consider further the shipment of American troopers. At our first conference there were present I . Milner and Gen. sir Hepry Wilson, who had succeeded General Robertson ns the chief of the general staff; Harbord and, myself. The ntain • :hat had devehtped in previous conferences as to just how far the Americans should be committed t<> serve in active operations was again coitsi<lere<l. 1 stated.that the main thing was to g< t ourjinits trained, and that w’hiie I ,was.,.opposed to amalgamation, yet if during the period of instruction the units With which they were serving should be attacked or, if another great eiqergency should arise, of course, our Ish wanted unlimited infantry and .machine-gun units, but I w<iuld consider nothing further than a limited extension of the six-division plan. During the conference a cable from Lord Reading to the priine minister was brought forth, which stated that the President had agreed to the amalgamation of Americans with the British. I had nothing official at hand

LOCATION AMERICAN DIVISIONS MAY 14,1918 Q ® Batlfe A"?. International Bfuxeiies Numerals indicate Divisions! i-n atishr x 1; ifk 1 • „ circled numerals those not in line. o 50 co MILES J tr O SO OO 150 KILOMETERS Arras/ \ C 1 —n /■ 7? u i \ A Amiens U \j^tQ uen ti n — SedanSyOx ‘T-J sAmot/i GERMANY * *^ Meu — . uSI ChaJonsk „ , r. zTI Paris \ ] <?NancK A € j > 42 ♦-/ \ z-s ® j CNeufehateau \\ \ ? r . \ Y ) / JCblmkr At \ \ L. V ; L ) _ E MulfrquseL ( S I . A kP t 'swrrzEßLS

Australian Finds New Way of Making Living

A smart British gentleman has Invented. a new way of making a livelihood, reveals the Sydney Bulletin. It consists of going to church and forbidding the banns of any prospective newlyweds. He merely rises and says In a hollow tone. *1 object," and goes outside and waits. If either principal has anything to conceal—and most of them have—a crushed individual generally comes out, gives him all the money in the personal exchequer and implores him to keep the secret deep and dark. So&etimes both the bride and the bridegroom fork over loose change and even jewelry.

later than the President's conditional approval of joint note No. 18 of the supreme war council as suggested by Secretary Baker, so I promptly said that it could not be possible that any such concession had been made and that the'•masses of our troops to be shipped over and their disposition must be left rd me. Agree on Troop Shipments. As a result of these discussions- we reached an agreement which provided for the shipment in May by British and American tonnage of the infantry, machine gun.! engineer and signal troops, together with the various unit headquarters, of six divisions for . training with: the British army. It was provided that any shipping in ex- > ■ -s of the ainount require*! for this number of troops should be utilized to transport the artillery of these divisions; also {that such personnel xis might be required to build up corps organizations should then follow, it being understood that the artillery regiments wopld train with the French and join their proper divisions when this was completed. To meet any emergency that might require an excess of infantry after the completion of' this program, it was agreed that all the American and | British shipping available for the transportation .of troop* was to be used under such arrangement as would insure Immediate aid to the allies, and thereafter as far as possible provide othe{f units tiecessary !■> comP , e the organization of our divisions and corps, i It was further agreed that the combatant troops mentioned in connection , with May Shipments should be followed by sm h stTviees of supply and other contingents as we ourselves might consider necessary, the ship- i ment of a large number of these troops should be Utilized at my discretion, except that the six divisions which the British were to transport would be trained with them. 0 Washington Makes Concession. Reaching Chaumont. I found that a cahlegrarb dated April 26 had been received, transmitting a memorandum dated April! IP, that had been sent by direction of the President to the British ambassador at Washington in conformity with his approval of note No. IS. In this memorandum the shipment 1 of 120.000 infantry and machine-gun. units per month for four months was i C*Hi*’eded. with the understanding that I their assignment for training and use ’ should be left to my discretion. : It- went <>n to say that the United I States.until tile situation change*!. * had no intention of departing from * as full compliance with the recom- 1 mendatlmt of the permanent military represent.it’ives, as the nature of the 1 case would permit. 1 This was the first official informa- I ti*»n I had received that the adminis- 1 tration had agreed to send any specific j numbers of infantry and machine-gun * units to France. .. i This concession went further than * it was necessary to go and much further than I had expected; Realizing , the complications that might arise from commitments so far in the future { and the delay in forming an American army .that would follow. I did not agree in later discussions at the su- j preme war council with all that the allies now. felt justified in demanding. ! I was Opposed to the action of the supreme war council in assuming the , power under any circumstances to dispose of American troops. It was not in any sense a prerogative of the su- , preme .war council. ■ ) There can be little doubt that Lord Reading received the distinct impres- ( sion from President Wilson that in-

Os course. If both the man and the girl are confident of their respective rectitude, he does not get a cent, but on the whole, the Bulletin says, there Is a decent living in the business. Train Telephone* Telephoning from a moving train is made possible by use of the lines of the telegraph wires that parallel all railroad tracks. The conversation is broadcast to them, runs along the wires to a central station and is then transferred to ordinary telephone wires. The instrument looks not unlike a radio broadcaster. An ordinary telephone is used and the voice trans-

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

fantry and machine-gun units would be sent to France at the rate of 120,000 men per month for four months, beginning with April. That the President agreed to this ”in principle” is practically certain. It need not be further emphasize*! that such a concession, even though prompted by the most generous impulsy, could only add to the difficulties of bur task of building up ah army of our own. It is probable that Lord Reading, skilled advocate that he was, did more while ambassador at Washington to infiqence the administration to grant allied requests than any other iudi vidua!. CHAPTER XXXVII I left London April 25. 191 S. and crossed to France in a British, deStroyer. Colonel Mott was at Boulogne with a request for me from General Foch to come to Sarcus. I learned then' that the Twenty Second division, at Seicheprey, had repulsed severe trench raid on the night of April 20-21, and had suffered "Considerable loss. Arriving at General Foch’s headquarters 1 found Generals Bliss, Llarbord and Weygand already there, and after dinner we entered into a general discussion about American troop shipments. The conversation ran as follows: FiKh—On March 2S you came to offer tlie services of American troops. I have a vivid recollection of the occasion. As to the American divisions, in what order do you think they should be employed? Pershing—The order w ! euld be the Twenty-sixth, Forty-second, Second, (The First had already been sent to an active front near Amiens.) The regiments of ’the Thirty-second Will be ready by May 1. Foch—l do not think they can be used before May 5. but the more we put into the line the better it will be. Your Seventy-seventh division has arrived. I see. WhaUabout the Third and Fifth? . Pershing—The infantry of the Third has arrived, and that of the Fi(tb will soon follow. Pershing Stands Firm. Foch —What we need now Is Infantry, especially the British, on account of the present crisis. That is why the supreme war council at Versailles recommended that all tonnage lie devoted to that purpose for the time being. I hope that America may send over as much infantry as possible during the next three months. The other arms to complete your divisions can come afterward. Wljat do you think of that plan? Pershing—l cannot commit myself to such a proposition. If nothing'but infantry and machine gunners are brought over, so the total of 360,000, it will be October or November be-' fore the artillery and auxiliary troops could arrive, and we could not foresee the formation of an American army until next spring. Foch —I think your calculation Is rather pessimistic, for we could begin bringing your other troops in August, but without considering that point we can furnish you with artillery and its personnel and you can have your divisions reconstituted beginning with October. What would you piopose in this connection? Pershing—l think we should limit the transportation of infantry to May. and that the artillery «nd auxiliary troops should come in June. They should not arrive more than a month later than the infantry. Under what conditions would you employ the American infantry units? (TO BE CONTINUED.)

mitted by the broadcaster to the telegraph wire. The process involves the disintegration and reassembling of the human vojce, for the words spoken into the telephone on the train vanish into high frequency cycles and are precipitated from the train to the carrier current telegraph wires. At the pickup stations the voice is reassembled and so transmitted further. First Alarm Clock Efforts to announce the time were many and date back to ancient times. The first alarm clock was a combination of a sun dial, gun and lens. The heat of the sun through the lens ignited the powder each day when the ray reached a prearranged point.

I Machines That Are I 4 Almost Human b | By E. C. TAYLOR J The X-Ray THE X-ray tube, one of the wonders of modern science, has been made to perform uncanny and weird stunts. It searches through the darkness of material things in the world, disclosing their hidden defects and construction to men, enabling physicians and surgeons to correct human ills and engineers to correct faults in manmade products. Scientists have used the X-ray extensively in the operation of manyj robots, those mechanical “thinking machines” that have startled the world in this age of wonders. X-rays, or Rontgen rays, are radiations which, in the general spectrum of electric-magnetic waves, occur after the ultra-violet rays as the radiations pass toward the shorter wave lengths. They are more easily understood as “black light.” light that, is invisible to the human eye. These rays go through solid objects. When they, pass through gasses they j make the gasses conductors of ele<J- , tricity. They photograph tlie insides of human'beings, steel plates and concrete. Scientists use them to study the structure of atoms .those energetic, minute particles of which this world of ours is composed. X-rays were discovered In 1895 by Prof. Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen. professor of physics at the University of Wurzburg, Jiavaria. He placed a black cardboard over the “black" end of a spectrum projecting machine, and ] discovered that these rays were visible through the wall of tlie next room. P!>j sic'ans and surgeons #ere quick, to make use of these strange rays. , With their aid they were able to pho- . togrnph the insides-of the human body, and now nearly everyone has weird , photographs taken before a tooth Is ( pulled or a surgeon operates on him ( for appendicitis. With X-ray tubes, doctors- can see the human body at work, watch the heart beating and the , stomach performing its task. j • , Industry has benefited as much as medical science. These X-ray tubes take photoghaphs of the insides of manufacturing materials and prevent ! huge waste and countless accidents.. Their light can pierce a 5-inch plate, of *4 lid steel.- They disclose weiik- ! nesses in welded metals, and such articles as fuzes for explosives, that must be accurately constructed Inside before they can perform their funcI tlon, are carefully inspected • through the use of the X-ray after they are ! manufactured. In the manufacture of airplane parts the X-ray tubes have saved many lives j by disclosing weaknesses in eonstruc- ! tion of propellers and in the struts for wings. • During the World war they enabled engineers to cut up strange ammunition, captured shells whose explosive centers were unknown to the engineers. The shells were radiographed, that is,.photographed by X-ray tubes, and then examined without risk of accident. . # ' X-ray tubes also are In general use by jewelers. They tell real diamonds and pearls from imitation stones. Customs officers use the rays to investigate the contents of se*led packages. The X-ray tubes recently have given to the world several paintings by old, masters. They looked through pictures painted over Old masters and photographed the valuable works of [ art underneath. Dr. George L. Clark, professor of j chemistry at the University of Illinois, I has put this wonder-working tube in a ! cameni and it » has photographed ■ atoms, which are so small that mtl- * lions of them cannot be seen by the i human eye. His device takes photographs in one ! hour that formerly took one hundred hours, and in one-fiftieth of a second that formerly took two hours. This j machine shows atoms at work in turni Ing cellulose synthetically Into artificial silk. The. device opens a wide field to Industrial development. Scientists now ate working with Xray tubes to capture scenes of the past out of the air and make them visible to people living on the world today. The burning of Rome, even the crossing of the Red sea by the Israelites and possibly the flood, with tending the animals into the Ark may be picked out of the air and revisualized. Scientists contend the light waves nper die. although sound waves do, and that It may be possible to recapture the light waves from historic scenes of the ages and make them visible again. (Q. 1»J1. We»t«ra Newspaper Union.) Real Loud Speaker Resident* of Berlin. Germany, recently listened to the strains of musie from a loud speaker 25 miles away. The speaker’s vole? was said to equal the volume of an orchestra of 2.000 pieces. Placed on a roof for the test by a German electrical concern, it produced air waves that could be felt on the''skin 150 feet away, says Popular Science Monthly. A current of 120 amperes was required to operate It. Its diaphragm vibrated a full inch to produce it* voice. Cruel and Unusual Father—Did mother punish you today, Tommie? “Yes, dad.” “What did she do?" “Made me stay In the house while she was taking her singing lesson.”— Stray Stories. Unorthodox The term latltudinarians Is applied to people who attach little importance to dogma and to what are called orthodox doctrines. Latltudinarians were a Church of England party in the time of Cbarle* IL opposed both to the High Church party and to the Puritans. . Correct .This Sentence “My opinions are products of reason,” said the. man, “and aren't affected by the state of my pocketbook."

RATIONS FAVORED FOR DAIRY HERD Cows on Pasture Need Grain for Best Results. Even though the milking herd is on excellent pasture it is necessary to feed grain if the best results are to ; be obtained, states C. L. Blackman, | extension specialist in animal husbandry at the Ohio State university. Sometimes, he says, the amount of I grain not be as large as when ' the cows are in the barn, but very often the grain allowance should be ! the same. The most practical method | of providing a. grain ration for dairy cattle is to determine the kind of ration necessary and supply this to thd | entire milking herd. If a certain cow has a tendency to } become fat and decrease in milk pro- j. ductipn too early, he points but, it is ; well to add a little extra high protein * feed to her ration. This tends to stim- , ulate milk production rather than fat accumulation. If another cow. milking heavily, has • a tendency to get thin, it is well to add extra corn and other high carbohydrate feeds to her ration. It Is not practical to make a separate grain mixture for each cow > the herd. When alfalfa, sweet clover, soybean hay, or pasture is fed with or without silage. Blackman believes good results may be obtained by feeding a grain mixture consisting of 300 pounds of corn or corn-amLcob meal or hominy or barley. 200 pounds ground oats. 100 pounds wheat bran. 50 pounds of cottonseed meal, and 50 pounds of linseed oil meal or soybean meal. Another good ration contains 200 pounds of corn or iu'rti-aud-e*>b meal or hominy or barley. 100 pounds of ground oats, 100 pounds o,f wheat bran. 50 pounds of gluten feed, and 50 pounds of cottonseed meal **r oil meat Find Cod Liver Oil Not ♦ „ Needed in Calf Ration Do calves actually live without vitamin D? To answer this question, Bus Bohstedt, E. B. Hart, and 1.. W. Rupel, of the Wisconsin College of Agriculture, have been conducting experiments with growing calves to which they fed a ration markedly deficient In vitamin D. Experimental results published two years ago tended to show that cod liver oil when added to a normal calf ration containing clover or alfalfa hay, adds no value to the ration. The results now indicate that vitamin D Is needed in the normal growth of calves. The ration used in this trial, which, is presumably free from vitamin D, consisted of yellow com, corn gluten meal, linseed meal, wheat •middlings,! calcium flour or calcium carbonate, and salt, with ground wood shavings forjoughage. In June, 19u9. two calves were started on this e-ation and two on the ration pit’s cod liver oil. Those receiving the od liver oil grew to splendid condition and showed no indication of rickets. The two receiving the ration only, after six or seven months of feeding, showed marked disturbances. The calcium content of th*> blood wa< greatly reduced. Symptoms of rickets were apparent ami the investigamin D. but It is their opinion that the normal farm ration fed young calves probably carries a sufficient amount of vitamin D. .Dairy Notes ************************** Some farmers consider the conveniences of silage its greatest advantage. • • • Grain feeding is necessary when cows are on pasture if milk yield is large. Young calves usually are made sick by over-feeding or feeding from uten-' sils that are unsanitary.. Since the calves nurse the cows it is quite likely that they getting too much milk. Where silage fills a definite and Important place in the feeding system, as in feeding dairy cattle, or wliere a succulent feed is needed ‘ to supplement pasture in the summer, the Use of the silo may be advisable or necessary. • • • When one to two weeks old the calf ehouid be taught to eat grain and hay and should have free access to salt. Experiments have shown that corn and grain are suitable and economical supplements to skimmilk. Silage is used as a substitute for pasturage in winter and as a supplement to short pastures in summer. Clean dry quarters, clean pails, skimmilk and grain in medium amount, fresh water, and a yard for exercise, make up the requirements for raising calves successfully. Wash and scald the separator, cans and pails, and all utensils immediately after using and keep them dry while not in use. Sunshine is a cheap and effective drying agency. • • • Whether or not to erect a silo Is an individual problem which can be properly solved only on the basis of the conditions of the Individual farm. By Its convenience silage feeding offers many advantages. The crop comes off the land early, in time for a fall-sown crop to follow if desirable. Deliv&r the cream frequently; at least twice a week. Protect the cream in transit against heat in the summer by covering the cans with a wet blanket or burlap bags, i

RANGE SHELTERS HELP CHICKENS Protection Afforded by Simple Covering. Summer range shelters for pullet* make it possible for the flock to obtain the advantages of open range conditions and at the same time offer the birds protection from summer heat and rains, says C. M. F er ? uson - «tension specialist in poultry at the Ohio State university. In buildin_ such a shelter, he points out; it is best to follow tested plans. In general, the low gable roof type of range shelter has proven to be the most 'lt is close to the ground, resists the wind much better than the high type, and is l of such shape that it can be made from light material. Plans drawn by the state university show a shelter 9 feet, 10 inches wide, 18 inches high at the eaves witn an even roof span and a 5-foot 10%ineh rafter. A plan ot this kind per- ' mits use of 1 inch by three inch material for the frame and the use of building board for rooting. The closely compressed type of building boards are best, tie states. * They shbuld. however, ae treated with a coat of asphalt roofing paint. An 8-foot shelter will accommodate from 100 to 125 birds. The ends, sides, and floor of the shelter are constructed of wire. This protects the pullets from tlie attackg of skunks and weasels, and the, wire floor aids in getting the pullets to roost early. They prefer getting on the roosts next to the roof than to sitting on the wire floors. By placing skids under the shelter, it may he moved easily, Ferguson states This makes it easy to clean and to transfer to new locations on the range. Raise Egg Production by More Rigid Culling (By H. A. SEATON, Extension Poultryman, Kansas State Agriculture College i It is possible to make $1 more 4 (’*‘r bird on flocks averaging 160 eggs than on flocks laying 120. The iqcrease in returnyjs due to high average egg prodiiWffn. Culling is one factor responsible for the higher average. As-practiced by poultry men culling refers to the sorting of'the desirable and undesirable hatching eggs, chicks, pullets, cockerels, hens and breeding males. Good poultry men practice rigid culling from the egg until the hen is unprofitable as a producer. The greatest emphasis in culling is centered on the hens not only to eliminate the non-layers but to determine when and how long the have been laying. Summer culling is carried out to eliminate the low producing hen and fall culling to select the desirable breeder for the-coming year. To carry out a successful culling program on a flock it is necessary to have fl flock that lias received reasonably good care as to feeding, housing, and general management. Feeding must come first and then be followed by culling. Turkey Producers Are to Sell on Roadsides Turkey producers are able to reach consumers through roadside markets, retail routes or by mail in efforts to sell direct. Limits of demand are usually the only factors that hinder the unlimited development of such marketing plansk. Quality is, naturally, the first consideration in such a marketing plan. It usually takes years to build up a successful marketing plan direct »o the consumer. Steady sales cannot be expected. Seasonal conditions, volume of prediction, prices and weather, will be factors that will control he sales volume. A survey conducted by the Massachusetts department of agriculture indicates that women are adapted to the details and work connected directly with selling and figure largely in this field of marketing. Poultry Facts Late-hatched chicks should not be forgotten. • • • The common practice of keeping the eggs In the kitchen should especially be)! avoided. Do not dope well turkeys, but give them plenty of free range and keep them away from the poultry flock. • • • Poor layers usually molt earlier, than good ones. Heavy layers generally do not begin to molt before September or October. • • * Confine broody hens the first night they stay on the nest to a roomy coop in a shady, comfortable location and then feed them masb and milk once a day. with moist mash In addition. o • • Mud on the shoes of attendants carIng for chicks tn wet weather may account for -worm infestations in lots of chicks even grown on clean ground. • • • The time required to turn a breody ben, or “clucker," Into a layer Is a real test of a poultryman’s ability. Well-balanced and adequate feeding, along with the right kind of housing, are largely the determining factors. • • • All grain and mash should be fed to the chicks In clean hoppers or trough-. This practice may reduce the sprea*l of coccidiosis, round worms. ta'V worms, and other troubles which may be picked up by the chicks If their feed is scattered in dirty Utter or on contaminated ground. z