The Syracuse Journal, Volume 24, Number 7, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 11 June 1931 — Page 2

News Review of Current Events the World Over Treasury Issues §800,000,000 Long Term Bonds Because of Big Deficit —Teague Retires From Federal Farm Board. By EDWARD W. PICKARD [

Though the United States Is popularly supposed to be the richest nation on earth, the government is “up against It”— the “it” meaning a billion dollar deficit, with the prospect of another billion deficit during the next fiscal year. The treasury, therefore. Is about to issue long term bonds for $S0U,000.(1X). bear-

Andrew Mellon

Ing 3H per rent interest. This Is in lien of an increase in taxes, which probably will not be asked until after next year’s Presidential election If at all The reason for this course Is obvious. It is expected that there will l>e further bond issues, as well as tmrrowlngs on short term certificates of indebtedness. The public debt, which had been steadily reduced since 1923, now begins to climb upward again. , , This bond issue announced by Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon Is the largest peace time offering of' Jong term government obligations in the country’s history with the exception of the $1,000,000,000 bond Issue of 1924, which was put out to refinance World war indebtedness. The interest rate of 3*4 per cent on this issue Is the lowest of any long term government financing since 1916-17. That the SSOO.f<OOJM>O Issue will be oversubscrilied to the extent of hundreds of. millions of dollars even at 3‘a per cent interest is not doubted, partly be< muse of the prevailing cheapnr,* of money land partly because of the fact that While the treasury may have a deficit the credit of the government is A-l. The- bonds will be dated and will bear interest from June 15, 1931. and will mature oh June 15, 1949. being redeemable at the option of the treasury on and after June 15. 1946. .They will be Issued in both bearer and re”i«ten-d f"rui in denominations of SIIKI, c.'sxl. 4J,mu. $5,000. SIO,OOO andln addition there will be ■ nomination. Tile federal reserve bank’s will be the. official agencies for the flotation of the Issue, but all banks will receive 'subscriptions from InThe bonds will be exempt from federal. state, and local taxes, except inL> ruance taxes and stirtaxes, Germ \n\ < i I •< ' •< tier h-lig •?? i.V- vml ous accidents, .finally crossed the Atlantic o.e. t n successfully. It made the flight fnmi'Cape Verde is to Fernando I: Nornnha off. the coast?, of Brazil in I'-’ hour* and 15 mlnutta. I Tty Ing superstition, 13 persons were aboard the 1 •< • X. It was an bounced by the State department inWashington that (’••lonei. and Mrs. Lindbergh will start before lung a pleasure praise of the Orient In their Loci, heed plane, flying to Japan and China Via the North Paclfle and lluss.a. .T'hey probably will follow the .route take® by the army flyers In I'.'-'i. going to Siberia byway of the Aleutian islands. HA\ii-.i:t':s <>i <-«<mmei:it: of the I cited States, ProPs-illg to believe American indufstri. s are ( r r. ;ss|.i;i compete lion, are urging that trade w th the I nion of .Stp'ialjst Soviet Republic* l*e in order to conserve the economic xteltbeing and political institutions of- the world. Embargo on Russian import* I* being urged and i>p]«<.s;f i<>n ...» v.,< ed to exports of ditstr::;! equipment and extension of technical «<!-. <>> to Russia. The executive committee of the New York State chamber, after a study of Russian relation#, has taken the lead in mohjirmg American . industry.ngainst. what it terms (the 1: menace. ’ •>■' C> OVERNORS of about half the J states took part in the annual conferences at French Lick. Ind., and ..■o :il of them disrupted the program of harmhhs topics by injecting their vigorous opinion# into their addr»;sjes. (pipehot of I’ennsylvania. for Instance. Insisted on making a hot. attack on the public utility corporations instead of talking about timber; nnd in the dosing session Ritchie of Maryland. criticising the conference for trying to evo.d controversial subJe.-:<. urged the return of liquor control to the states as a solution of taxation problems.

C. C. Teague

Ct'. TEAGCE. one I •of the original members of the federal farm board and Its vice chairman, has resisted. having served one more year than he at first intended. In his letter to President Hooyer tendering his resignation Mr. Teague declared the board had fully justified itself and its

cost to the taxpayers. He said that without its advice and revolving fund many farmers’ co-operatives would have cane under; and he warmly defended the emergency operations of the beard in stabilixing wheat and cotton? “There are two distinct methods of stahiljiling markets.” he pointed out. "Prolmbly the one that has been emphasized most in publicity has been the stabilization operations on wheat and cotton, which were entirely emergency operations undertaken to meet emergency conditions and which 1 beUeve are entirely justified and which

will have resulted In benefits to agriculture and business generally far outweighing any cost to the treasury. “However, in my judgment the greatest benefit will come (through another type of stabilization of markets which will come through the long time project of developing a system of cooperative control of agricultural products. which will effect a bjetter control of production and a better control of distribution and thus have an important Influence in the stabilization of markets.” REPORTING on the general agricultural situation, the bureau of agriculture economics of the Depart-, rnent of Agriculture show's .that American farmers are selling their produce at less than prewar prices. but are paying about one-third more than before the war for the things they buy. The bureau estimates that farmers now receive 86 per cent of prewar prices and pay 136 per tent for goods bought. In other respects the Outlook is not bad. “Farm crops,” says the report, “are recovering from t|he effects of the continued cool weather. Winter wheat prospects have been improved. Fruit prospects are generally reported fair to good. Live" stock growers appear to be keeping up ip-rds and flocks despite somewhat adverse conditions in feed prospects in several sections.”

XTIRqiN ISLANDS ’ now have only one and that is |Dr. Paul Pearson; for Herbert D. Brown; chief of the “ federal bureau of effiJencv. has ban a spat with the doctor and retired from the cogovernorahip which lie lulls exercised for nearly! two years. ■ In 192 9! congressional

H. O. Brown

committees asked Mr( Brown to investlgate the Island* (with a view to reducing administration costs. , He made three long visits there and his recommendation# weri* displeasing to • apt;. Waldo Evans, then naval governoj. Also, he obtained Sill*""' to be expended under his sole direction. Last winter he reconMnended transfer of t’.e islands to the Interior department rind whtm this was done he returned to help the new governor. Doctor Fearson, whom he bad selected for the job. ; it is said in Washington that Brown, having quarreled with Pearson, has urged the re.movhl of the hitter, but that it is unlikely the President will lake any such action. The-exact cause of the friction between the two men is not publicly known. FOUR eastern and western air lines, wh— - tly about 12.60ti.tMip miles annually, have-consolidated their management, operation, traffic and sales and now Peconic divisions of" the United Air Lines, with general offices in (Tiieago. The lines involved in this t-g n.-'g. r are- T;,e Naiion.il Air Transport, operating from New York to UUi<-ago and Chlcigo to Dalia*; rhe !’■ « T.g-’Air Transport, operating from' I’liiengp to Nan I rani iseo; the Pacific Air Transport, operating from Seattle to S?.u Diego, and the Varney Air I.im's, operating from Salt. Lake *’t'y to Seattle and the .i'aeitic Northwest. ■ vs; jur tran-port servi -e in the wo? l. I The vines o|HTate fleet of, 120 air- ' planes, .m -hiding 3”' Hornet and W.i-p powered irFmotor pass. ng. r transI port# which are us'in the expanded passenger sen ice recently .inaugurated the New York-km 1 .ran '«<■'. the (’tiiengo-Dadas, and SeattlC-San Diego -'I P G. Johnson, president of the Boeing companies, whd was recently made ■ president of,the National Air Transport and the Varley Air Lines -is to j be president of the new,company.

TENNESSEE’S (political - financial troubles were I apI proaching a climax j during the week With I th* *tate- ? g sia'ture P'rv; string to vote on ti e questions of impeach,r.g ihe g.fvernoti Henry H. Hor- .. Nashville was tij-nse. Though the foes <>f the executive were

apparently in tlie majority. Horton seemed undaunted. Moat of the eight articles of impeachment reported to the legislature by a committee' relate to a main charge of conspiracy, alleging plots between the governor and Col. Luke l.Ca and Rogers Caldwell, two bankers who are now under indictment as a result of the bank failures of last November, Congressman Ed Crump, the Memphis political boss, was conducting the fight against the governor, though he kept himself in the background. The resignation of Senator Scott Fitzhugh, one of the Crump faction, from the speakership, and the election of Senator A. B. Broadbent of (Larksville to fill his place took much of the thunder away from the defense, for Senator Broadbent is an Independent, an anti-Crump man. and he will. be the next governor if Mr. Horton Is forced out. I ■ • CANADIAN tax payers are hard hit by the first budget presented to parliament by Premier R. B. Bennett. He announced a deficit of $80,000,000 and said new, taxes would be required to meet it. Consequently he proposed imports as follows: Increase in the sales tax from 1 per cent to 4

per cent; reintroduction of 3-cent postage; increase of the Income tax on corporations and stock companies from 8 to 10 per cent and a new special excess tax of 1 per cent on all imports. Manufacturers of the United States came off more easily that had been expected. Only about 200 items in the tariff against them were altered by jthe premier. Customs duties were raised on anthracite coal, furniture, oranges and the higher priced automobiles. There was bad news, however, for Americans who have investments in Canadian companies, for Mr. Bennett otdalned that beginning next July an income tax of 2 per cent must be paid by all foreign investors receiving dividends from Canadian concerns. The only bright spot in Canada's financial picture, Mr. Bennett stated, was the fact that the dominion’s conversion loan of $250,000,000 had been subscribed up to $639,816,500. He emphasized that during his regime no fewer than 75 American manufacturers had established plants in Canada and made it clear he was sticking close to his “Canada First” attitude. His conclusion brought a great ovation from his followers. THE general assembly of the Presbyterian church, in session at Pittsburgh, rebuked the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America for report of its committee approving of birth control, and adopted a motion Instructing the council to “hold its peace on all questions relating to morality and delicacy” until they have been discussed with its constituents.

Chancellor Bruening

tion from the Englishmen, and the four men discussed thoroughly the bearing of reparations on the world economic crisis. It was the hope of the Germans that tlsis cuufereriee would find away out of the present financial wilderness. The Chequers meeting aroused the French and led them to reaffirm their contention that . Gertnan reparations and the Allied debts to America were inseparably connected by tlie Young plan. As it is put by A. L. Jeune in i.e Midi of Faris: “Or the battlefield of international debts, where we held the front line so long until the Young plan brought us back to the reserve trenches, it would be a great impru- ’ dence to give them up.” ' -■ I LAST June Congressman Tinkham of Massachusetts issued a statement about the political activities of Bishop James Cannon, Jr., which the bishop dared him to repeat without benefit of his official Immunity. Tinkhatn accepted the dare, and now the bishop has sued rhe congressman for s.Vh»j><o for alleged libel. ! - , IN A decision that seems to give assurance that the press of America is and shall continue to be free, the Supreme,‘court of’ the United States held unconstitutional the Minnesota statute authorizing the supiwession of newspapers and Other periodicals publishing matter which the authorities deem to be defamatory of public officials or other persons or institutions, in the opinion of five members of the court—. Chief Justice Hughes and Associate Justices Holmes. Brandeis, st.'he and Roberts—the Minnesota law. in s<> far as it authorizes such I suppression., is "an infringement of the liberty of the pre** guaranteed by the Fourteenth amendment.” The majority qf the court took the posltioa t: .it ..f th.- press to er.ti- ! clze public officials :< one of the bulwarks of our institutions, that for any abuse of this freedom there is the remedy of punishment under libel and other laws, and that tli» suppres-ion' of periodicals because of the character. of the matter pul>iishe«t would amount to the setting up of a censorship of the press. Associate Justice Pierce Butler, himself a Minnesotan, read a dissenting opinion concurred in by Justices Van Devauter. Mcßeynolds, and Sutherland asserting that the majority opinion gives to freedom of the press a broader interpretation than any that haif ever before been recognizwl.

Gov. Horton

Relations betvveen Premier Mussolini and the Vatican were strained almost to the breaking point and outwardly it appeared there could be no peaceful settlement of the quarrel. But efforts at conciliation were being carried on quietly by Foreign Minister Dino Grand!

on the one hand and Cardinal Gasparri on the other. The trouble center* in the Catholic Action clubs. Mussolini decreed the disbanding of all youth organizations connected with Catholic Action because of alleged political propaganda and closed the clubs and playgrounds. The pope protested against this, both as head of the Vatican City and as head of the church. He made effective his disapproval by withdrawing his personal representative from the Padua celebrations. canceling the diocesan eucharlstic congress in Rome, prohibiting church processions and placing the Catholic Action societies under charge of the bishops. Mussolini gave out a statement saying there was nothing temporary about his acts and that the dubs were permanently closed. Wednesday the directory of the Fascist party ordered the leaders of all groups to be ready to de'fend Fascism against its foes “under whatever banner.” and charged that some sections of the Catholic Action society had been “openly and surreptitiously” hostile to Fascism. I®, 1811. Western Newspaper Vaios.)

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

B A TW THE W -™ ■ I "■" 3 COW ESSENTIALS IN HOT WEATHER Sufficient Feed, Shade and Fresh Water Needed. To maintain high milk production during the summer, it is necessary that the dairy cow have sufficient feed, plenty of shade and a good supply of fresh water. I. . “As the summer the grass gets dry and short and its content changes from high proteiri and low fiber to low protein and hiigh fiber.” says J. A. Arey, extension- dairyman at the North Carolina State college. “This condition necessitate# the feeding of more grain with a h|gh protein content together with silagfe or a sull--1 Ing crop. Grain feeding during this period should be as heavyj as during the winter months.” i Hot weather will generally decrease : milk production and Mr. Arey suggests that the animals have ainple shade during the hot part of the day. Around cities, where the pastures'and lounging lots are small, he advises that the milking herd be stabled j during the middle of the day. } Flies are alsc a source of great annoyance to cows in summer, and Mr. Arey says unless somje -method Is used to combat them the ibest results from the herd cannot be obtained. Flies are controlled easiest by destroy- ( Ing the breeding places, he says. Stalls and pits should b£ cleaned at least once each week and the manure hauled from the barn direct to .the field. Any accumulation of litter or garbage furnishes ideal breeding places, for flies and should be c eaned up as often as possible. Because it is impossible to destroy all flies in the larvae stage by cleaning up the breeding places, it is further necessary to use poison, fly traps and sprays to kill off the younger brood after hatching, recommends Mr. Arey. . - ?> ■ Sweet Clover Pastures Favored for Dairy Cow I (By J. C. NISBET, Extension Dairyman, Kansas State Agricultural College.> Sweet clover when planted in a rotation of corn and grain crops may be utilized to advantage by dairy cows. Sweet clover planted in the spring in an oal crop may be ready for light pasturing In July. One or' two cows may be kept on an acre for the balance of that year. The following season the sweet clover will offer early pasture. It will last through the hot dry season.' Second year sweet clover pasture should furnish pasture for two or three .cows'per acre. » Sweet clover as a convenient night pasture is of value to many dairymen. A practice very commendable is to provide an Oat straw stack in the sweet clover pasture. Cows show a i desire, for sotne dry feed. The feeding of dry alfalfa hay before turning out i to pastureireduces damage from bloat. It is important that cattle become accustomed to the taste of sweet clover while the stems are still small. A bitter element, coumarin, develops In more mature sweet clover to which ! cows may object. Well Developed Yearling Bull Ready for Service At about a year old. the well-devel-oped bull is ready for light service. Three services twenty days apart for the tfrst two months will prove about the maximum if the bull is to be kept in long service. At eighteen months ten services about fifteen days apart, and at tw<> years twenty service# eight days apart wilt cau<e no harm. The bull in full service needs just, about the same amount of feed as the cow in milk. This tneims that a grain allowance of from four to eight pounds a 'lay is necessary. On lighter servI ice. of course, the lower limits of | grain are satisfactory.

Germany is expecting great benefits to result from the remarkable meeting at Chequers. England. of Chancellor Heinrich Bruening and Foreign Minister Julius Curtius with Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald and Foreign Minister Arthur Henderson. The German statesmen went there Thursday on invita-

I t i I' I ! 1 i 11 1 I T H-H-Dairy Notes q-t -i I b t-1 I I I I 1 t-I-I-I I I I 1 I bl l-H-Highly flavored feeds should be fed to , milk cows after ’ milking. instead j of before. It will .also keep down the I dust in the barn if allfeOding is done after the milking. • • • Conveniently located milk houses ! save time for dairy operators. ConI struction is also' important. Smooth | floors and walls which can be easily .••d will prove a good investment. Remove scrubs from the next genI eration of dairy cattle by using only . i good breeding animals now. say Penn- , sylvania State college dairy specialists, i- Buy bulls *on production records only. A healthy well-fed cow has no more j need for a tonic than does a healthy t (tcfson for medicine. The average dairy herd improvement | association cow in lowa produces 2.800 pounds more milk and 114 pounds more butterfat thjan the average dairy cow in the slate. L The owner of 4 low-producing dairy I herd has no choice —he must send the poorest cows to j the butcher, or else he will find himself working for nothing, or less than! nothing. • • • Improvement In the butterfat producing ability of the dairy herd rests fully as much with the bull as with the cows. Before feeding such root crops as potatoes, beets, and turnips to the dairy cow. they should be run through a feed chopper, i r * * The average cow in the Massachusetts dairy herd 1 improvement associations produces more than 300 pounds of butterfat per year, or TO pounds more than the average for the state.

Dino Grand!

Hay Storage Building Designed to Give Adequate Protection Cheaply t :JL- | / - — —_\ I - 1 a® » iJMK Mwm 1 .. .h, - Tit &iam3 . ftj A kXZ.:. :• ;i I k. Mobtise Joun T9 fo»beJCß {Beams . 11 V> !l 4 n il 1 *4 o '* i^xflrTießeAMs—. ! •• « * r ®‘t-(a] -IW W’*l I * , J ar * I • ’ . ’it nH i M i S n 5} t . Iki ? h •4 , -I *’ i X <—Hi-0 S r vv“ * ’ » *Bl»chßm Iron Pih “t— Z- [• j Pua UI ( —•! i | r} -J -y?yCoNCge're^^flZc° 11 I ‘ PierS - ' Sian— FooTiwao— u ; !! I T i *; ’ j •• 1 Crosa Section and Footing Plan of . r S7| 1 T Hay Storage Shed. i.®j

By W. A. RADFORD J I Mr. William A. Radford vvill answer t I questions and give advice FREE OF j COST on al! problems pertaining to the I , subject of building work on the farm’. I- ! foi the readers ipf this paper. On ac- ; | -ount of his wide, experience as editor, : | author and manufacturer, he is, vvith- | out doubt, the highest authority on the I subject. Address all inquiries to Wil- ’ l Han't A. Radford. No. 407 South Dear- ' born street, Chicago, 111., and only iiiclos.e two-cen.t Stamp for reply. In these days of extraordinary hay crops, the farm where large quanti- ■ ties of ha.v are produced needs storage space other than the mow in the ‘ i barn. It is poor economy to fail to ; provide ample' protection for the prod- ! i nets of the farm as well a- for its I. live stock and machinery. At the same [ time the cost of such protection in relation to the value of the ha.v must be consldereil and it would,oe foolish indeed to provide storage space at the cost which would eat up all the profit from the crop. Therefore weathertight roof must be provided at a reasonable cost. Such a building is shown in the ac- ; companying illustration, and the [dan

House Architecture Leans to Simplicity Forecasts of architectural fashions I for the coming year indicts that Amer- j j ican home builders are tendering to- ( ward simi'liciiy in house design. Arc! - J itects report that there is an unusual 1 ’ i desire' at present for economically ( ' planned houses of sturdy design and ( ! i construction.' This is probably the reastui vyliy Norman-French types are suddenly so popular. * ! i The simplicity of the N'orman- . French design is suitable to the st raighi forward practical methods used in building American homes. , This simplicity Is also appropriate t<? j the materials u#ed botir on the exterior- and in the Interior. Among the ' si j les found In-parts ot and | < in the valley of the Loire are some ( houses, that have very elaborate de- ! tails, hut it. is usually tlie simple coun- ! try houses that seem to have most in- ! fluence in the building of present-day i homes. ' A ' Speakers at recent archreotunil | conventions have also emphasized the j I Importance of simplicity in remodel- j I ing and painting existing houses, pari t'cuiarly those of the colonial type. ■ Driving through the unspoiled sections | ! of New England towns convinces one 1 ■ that white, and nothing but white, is • : the perfect color for a colonial house. Before acting upon this Conclusion ■! I however, it is 'jfust as well to realize that in the old New England town* t graceful trees create a series of nat- | ural proscenium arches which frame the views of the houses. Over ail,

■ Proper Hinges Make Homes More Livable Although usually a somewhat unguarded part of the home, a great I deal of the peace of mind pnd pleasure in occupancy, which is the right of the home owner, depends upon the successful functioning of hinges. As in practically everything else that enters into home construction, mechanical advancement has taken place in the design ana manufacture of hinges. There are now many types of hinges, each suited to the individual needs of a particular location. The home owner does well to consider carefully the specific type of hinge which will best serve each door in his house. '■ The friction hinge, for example, is a noteworthy advance in hinge design adapted to many locations about the house. Tins hinge is so made that it will securely hold a door in any position In which it may be set for ventilation or .privacy, although the friction Is not so 'great that ft is difficult to move the door. Thus, bedroom doors equipped with these hinges may

and sketches supply all the details required for its construction. This building can be erecte>t at no great cost and at any convenient spot, most probably in the field where hay is generally grown, to avoid unnecessary hauling. it will be noted that this is an open sided building with a steeply pitched gable roof. The steep pitch is very effective in shedding rain,and snow, and the gable ends and sides being inclosed for a space directly under the eaves keei>s the ha.v from becoming j repeatedly wet from rains. Concrete footings are provided for ' the six by six posts which support the roof, providing a firm and permanent foundation. The sectional view also indicates the sizes of other timbers. rafters and braces, well as giving- the details of construction. The building is GO feet in length by 24 feet in width, giving a storage capacity. of I’o tons of loose ha.v. Os course these dimensions may be varied at will to meet the particular requirements of the farm for which the build ing is erected.

I there is a mosaic of sunshine and i shadows. Let the trees be hewn-down | and an amazing amount of the old ! charm vanishes. If a house is not i enriched by trees or climbing vines. ! an unbroken expanse of white may. j make it look less pleasing. Whichever is chosen, white or ( cream. Gerald Geeflings of the Worn- | ai-.'s Home Cbnipanion points points out that the first maxim to remember : is that the whole house should be i' painted in this one color. Tlie second 1 .is to select certain features which ean -be [tainted in contrast to the general wall totie. ' ■ The chief charm of a house modeled after the colonial comes from its sim- i jilicity. says Mr. Geerlings. “Whatever detracts from this simplicity is wasted . or misapplied effort." Sagging 1 Doors Cured With Simple. Remedy The following is a' sure cure for \ a door which sags and binds due .to warj'ing and wear in the hinges. The i door is removed and one or more small wire rings are slipjieil on the pins of the hinges. When the door is replaced these rings will raise it! sufficiently to clear tin"- sill, The quickest way to make these j rings i- t'i v. ?1 the wire on a rod a little larger than the diameter of the hinge pins and then cut through the coil lengthwise with a hacksaw. The wire when removed from the rod will be in the form of split rings ’ which ’ can be sprung, together with pliers.

I be opened slightly for ventilation, but ' not so much that privacy will be sac- ! rificed. This hinge is particularly ■ suited to mirror doors. Pipeless Design Heater Economical in Operation The pipeless design of heater has come to the fore rapidly in recent years, largely on account of its economical operation, yet it has many other good features. In general, this kind of paint should not be installed in any but compact, square buildings in which room doors may be left open at all times. Warm air from the delivery section of the register, always located in the center, flows first to the ceilings, where it spreads to the outside walls. An epitaph on a tombstone at Mount Vernon which speaks of the* beauty and brains of the deceased is part of the inscription on the shaft oyer tho grave of Nelly Custis and reads: “T\is lady was not more remarkable for the beauty of her person than for the superiority of her mind.”

FfIVLTRY GROWING TURKEYS MADE PROFITABLE Confinement Method for Poults Is Practical. Eastern states have an advantage in growing turkeys, with the development of new methods and the closeness to market, providing they semi high quality turkeys to market, according to Ira J. Hollar of the New York state college of agriculture. In the Middle West many small flocks are kept as a sideline, but because of the blackhead, a disease of the intestines and liver, and low prices many of these flocks have been discontinued. The western states that have grown the most turkeys are now growing fewer and some states that have not been considered important are now’ increasing their flocks. Pennsylvania shows a 25 per cent increase in 1929 and 8 per cent more in 1930. he says. The old theory that turkeys must have plenty of range is not only false but more expensive than the new methods. It has been proved that turkeys can be profitably raised in confinement. At the Pennsylvania state college 93 per cent of all turkeys started were raised to market age when con- ' finement was practiced. In New York state the Jeffers method of partial i confinement has also proved satisfaci tory. Many of these new suggest ions about I raising turkeys are available on request to the mailing room. College of Agriculture. Ithaca, New York. Ask . for New York state turkey topics. ' Housing Early Pullets Helps Egg Production Prof. Willard C. Thompson of the New Jersey station gives the following sensible advice about getting pullets into their laying houses: “When the combs of early-hatched pullets begin to turn red. it is time to I make the laying houses ready for i them. Then, if moved into their new [ quarters promptly, these birds usually i can be depended upon to add to the poultryman’s income at a time when the hens are slackening their efforts. “Space for the early-hatched pullets can be found in the laying houses by removing market hens and culls, and concentrating the survivors in fewer, pens. “Pens reserved for the incoming pullets should be cleaned, disinfecteil and supplied with litter. Space may be allotted at the rate of four square feet a bird, and, once the pullets are in their new quarters, they should be i kept confined to the pens. The reguj lar laying rations are advised for the I pullets as they go into winter quarters.” Art of Caponizing Is Profitable Operation Poultry raisers who can spare a little time should study up the art of caponizing. Capons demand a good price upon the market, and are always in good tdemand. The operation process is easily learned and is so profitable that it pays any poultryI man to try his hand at it. The slips are not lost, and if you kill a few by practicing you can sell the carcass on I the market or use it for home conI sumption, iff course it is necessary i that you have proper tools to do this I work, but these can be purchased at i poultry s'upply stores anywhere. , < w w/w w W W W W W W ta ta W W W W W W W W W Wta w w Poultry Hints !' Eliminate the males and improve j the quality of summer eggs. • » • If poultry owners are in earnest j about building up a flock of pure breds and keeping tltem up to the | mark as layers and breedini.' fowls, i thor will soon beg n to make more money. , • • * Potatoes are not a poultry food for summer, bec.ifise they contain too j much heat-giving substances; l>ut a | proportion may be used with advan:a_'e when the ■weather is cold. I During the hot weather leave doors and windows open in the poultry house to give all possible comfort to the flock. ' Good ventilation is not confined to i expensive poultry houses. An effective system can be devised cheaply for any house. Before putting the birds in range shelters, the cockerels should be sepi arated from the pullets, and this is I done when they are eight or ten weeks of age. The sooner the better. • • * The per capita consumption of eggs in the United States is about 204 as compared with 313 in Canada. By culling the flock and removing worthless hens feed is saved and room is made firn better layers. Whey Is not harmful for chickens and would not cause a decrease in egg production. In fact it makes good drink for chickens and is fine to mix wet.mashes. It does not contain much food value for its bulk but is useful in the poultry ration. * * * When canning chicken, the birds should be killed about six hours or more befoi-e being put into the containers. This allows all animal heat to be expelled and improves the quality. • • • The poultry extension specialists of Michigan State college advise keejfing the chicks in dark chick boxes until they are three days old. This prevents their picking up the droppings from other chicks, and hence Is a means of preventing spread of disease. ;.