The Syracuse Journal, Volume 24, Number 4, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 21 May 1931 — Page 2

News Review of Current Events the World Over President Hoover Orders Drastic Economies in Departments —Old Military Posts May Be Abandoned —Briand Is Defeated. ■ ■ _ . ; .. . ■ Ry EDWARD W. PICKARD

PRESIDENT Hot). ver has .notified the members of the cabinet that the y must introduce econ.- ■ rnies in their departments wherever possible. The civilian personnel is to be reduced and the overhead -expenses cut drastically. The mes>age Went out ' after the President had

Sec. Hurley

conferred with Secretary of War Hurley and Secretary of the Navy Adams, mid it is evident he expects many of Hie economies lo’te made effective in those departments. Survevs have bf?'n ' recently made indicating how savings could be made by the sale of old Indian j»o<ts. navy shore stations. c<>ust artillery fortiflcations. and yards and other shore propertiesthe navy that longer needed for purposes of national defense. Secretary Hurley said the other day that the admit. str.t ~>n desired to remove army posts from the •'pork barrel" classification. and it ■ Superfluous are Fort Lincoln. North Dakota; Fort Meade. South Dakota; Fort M Moul*, Montana; fr'nrt Eustis, ■ Virginia, amt vnri<ms.-p,.sts. .ai<»n~ the Mexican border; Some air t!yoig fields also tii.'iy !,<• abandoned. How far the expenses of 'the military establishments c.'rtii he Cttt is ; e:d ■ The Inst atinti.il sujply bill for the W L M I- t<> d n.O’, ; : i■t. ry aefteit • - Tt .'■■■■' in n ■ bora and $35,000,060 for .Mississippi . floor eontnd. • ’ . As for the navy, it is known that eiyib.tH labor <..-t t ' de; art <-nt $7P.<« ■ i.<««i last y< al In-x.o-tigntor.s l.ne e-t.m.ited tlo- Navy 1 mu d be! rut ; 11 4 *" r Without impairing efficiency. <‘ongressmen in whose stales Io call'd the ’ ot's.di t.. . ; r',.v p - d surplus s’tore -unions prob.ddv wdl ' tight against their abandonment, that ten; their habit in matters of this bort, hut if ’econo mios are applied throughout :ii! the executive depart-. myDt.s their political wrath may be unavailing., F'RED <’RO.XTi)N. vice clmirn an of the President s emergency conimltlee for unemployment, stated that during the wis'k ending May 9 Contracts were awarded for public and s-m 'uildio work amounting to .<_'7.fMM 7lfi». Thisbrought the total since Jie.-euit.cr 1, IflJk), to marly a billion and a half.

F'< HtEIGN MINIS ter • Aris: Rri and wn* persuaded by bi* friend* to be n ran«l Id >te for the presidency of the" French republic and then some of ■ those frirmi* r— Ha. «<>r.-n. The result ’was. that he faded of election on the first ballot and. astounded and bro' > n '• hearted. ho

tt !’tdr»-W froth the contest, -raill D>*U--mer, venerable president of the 'son- ■ :. uas | ‘ s n, ■■ ’ ‘ French parliament was of . Importance not «’n!v to ''-'rance but t<> Europe and -a l the It mean* that for the present at >east Itrland's j>«»!ivy of , 'peace and conciliation. 1* discarded and the nationalists are in the saddle. It is possible.Rri.snd will c<»n tinne to represent his government In the debates of the League of Nation* ut .<:i. '-ut •' he does he Mil be subject to daily orders from I*.tris. - Mo’e Iffeefy it is t ,it he wiii Soon retire to Cof'herel. his home. He has been In pmr I ealth for many months and it Is feared this defeat will break him down badly. Andre Tardieu and Edor.nrd Herriot, leader* of the left, are held -mainly -esponsible for the rejection of Brianyl. A NTI-CLERICALS of Spain, egged on by communists and very pos- , - < v •«<uar- hist plotters, staged violent riots in Madrid and other <-i:;rs for several days, and the government was forced to proclaim: martial law. The mobs directed their attacks against Catholic churches and other religious edifices and burned many of them. Monks and nuns were beaten and driven through the streets, and in sum Cases the troops that were called out refused to move against the 'rioters. telling their officers they would not fire on the people. Angel Galarza, the republic's prosecutor. declared the riots wefe the result of a carefully laid monarchist i plot and that there would be a monster trial of raptured royalists in which former King Alfonso will be Judged, in his absence, for complicity. The Vatican state department instructed Papal Nuncio Tedeschlni at Madrid to demand from the government an explicit apology for the attacks on churches, monasteries and convents. The Vatican protest, while not blaming-these attacks on the Republican', government, asserted that violence against religious orders does not represent a general political tendency. but Is the result of the anti-re-ligious odium of a small- minority of Spain. PRAJADHIPdK. king of Slam, underwent a successful operation for the removal of .1 cataract from his- _ left eye. and Is recovering nicely at Ophir hall, the Whitelaw Reid man

sion in Westchester county. New York, He was an excellent patient and. being under only local anesthesia, he knew what was going on and eo-op-erated In every way with Drs. J. M. Wheeler and T. N. Johnson. who performed the operation. When the cataract had been extracted his majesty said: “I see thlight.”

z fc*. ■ --p Sen. Fletcher

committee, voiced the opposition to the plan. H’e calle,d for lower rates rather than higher carrying charges ami said one rejisofi why trucks were m<o ' fml.iy was |.ev;iiis«. <>f “high rail rates."I cannot see how the railroads can expect to increase their revenues by increasing rates." lie said. "Some ten | years an increase of 44) per cent I was allowed the railroads and this brought .the rates up to the highest , point ever reached. They have been , revised do? fiw.'trd by the interstate I commerce commi-sion in 5,000 out of brought. ' ■; I | 10-s of business aiid lay a good deal I ' of that to ...mpethion by trucks and j <...•■ ,■ . ■ • i I’;.me.;-'- j I ly Hwy would increase their revenues | by raising the nites provided they, could! carry* the same, amount of ton 1 mige. but it is j. rfeetly obvious tluit j one reason w|iy trucks are moving s<» ■ .rail tvs. < '.»risi-<pie.ntly if these rates . were iticreased thebe would ie an In--V " r-e'_l>t rates on live stock fr.'in ;b pc.a's (.'ieve’ ird werf ■ at city'in a complaint to the inI | a reduction. . i , I ■. " .■ 4“ ■' ' - ! ONE of the world’s greatest sei- | ejstlsts, Prol'. Albert A. Michel- . son, formerly of the University of i . passed away in Pasadena. C.J’f. after a long illtiess ami was laid at rest -in Altadena. He was the recipient-of all the honors the world S. . e . Ciikl f-e-t..'.V. not the least of which was thy Nobel, prise for bis achievement 1n measuring the speed , of light, ami It has been -aid that his ! discoveries and inventions added, hilj lions to the wealth of the world: but withal he was exceedingly hiodest and un issumivig and always declared he carried <m bis great works in physics |.e<;tu-e 'bey amu«e<l and interested him. Doctor Michelson wits a native of J’ohind but Was brought to the United States when a babe ami was 1 educated- in San Francisco and the naval academy at- Atinapolls. Two I years after his graduation he went j hack to the aca< emy as an instructor, j and it was then he began, the experf- ! ments and Investigations that conafgi ‘ throughout his k Another emim-nt 'ran. Eugene' V-aye. ma<er of tl \ r. in Brussels, ijelgium. sit the age of sev-enty-two. He is;survived by his American wife, the daughter of Dr. Herman l-dncin of Bn«d;iyn, N. V , whom he jmarried in I'.rj?. Waller a. Strong, publisher of Chicago Daily News and one of the I pibst forceful figures in American JourI nalism. ’ died suddenly of heart disease. He was iqmly forty Seven years old. lie became publisher ami principal owner of the News in 1923, after the death Os Victor Lawson. ... '

M. Briartd

■ r Secrfttary; of i SUite Henry 1.. Stimson, in an address on United States ! foreign relations and : esj»ecialJy American policy toward LatinAmerica, served notice that our army i and navy will not tie used to collect debts from foreign rations. At the same time, he made it clear, the

wto ■ Americans who have Investments abroadrail the protection, connsei and assistance to which they are entitled under international law. Defending the Hoover policies In Nicaragua, which have been attacked. Mr. Stimson declared the administration was not departing from American traditions, adding that “the United States would continue to be zealous in I its concern ,f<jir the lives of its nationals wherever they may be found.” He characterized the current policy toward Latin-America as one of removing sore spots which have injured good will and American trade. ' Mr. Stimson expressed confidence that the Anglo-French negotiations would eventually be successfully eon- 1 eluded, expressing the opinion that a great had been given the prospects for success of the league conference cn general disarmament to be held, next February. Cultivation of good will between nations was described by him as “the great business of diplomacy.” "Honest people in one nation find it notoriously difficult to understand the viewpoint of honest people in another.” he said. “State departments and their ministers exist for the purpose of translating ’’e viewpoints of one nation into the terms understood by

another. Some of our most important work and efforts at the present time lies In this direction.” tpOLLOWING the example set by * Princeton last year. Yale uni ver- I sity announces a change in the plan ' of study* in Yale college which in effect eliminates the requirement of ! Latin and Greek for any undergraduate degree. Entrants are permitted tn j substitute for those languages an i equivalent amount of French. German. Italian or Spanish. Beginning I with the class of 1932. the degree of ; bachelor of philosophy will be aboi- I ished and all students in Yale col- ! lege, which is the academic depart- j ment of the university, will be candidates for the degree of bachelor of arts. . | The change was decided on by President James R. Angell and the fellows of the university in accordance with a recommendation made by Dean (Tarence Mendell and the general faculty of the college. • IF ARRANGEMENTS can be make with the religious authorities. Archduke Leopold of Austria, brother of- : Ar.-liduke Anton who js tn wed Princess Ileana of Rumania, hopes to marry .Miss Alicia Gibson t’oburn of Canada within the next three months, i The wedding, it is planned, will take j place in Paris. The archduke, who is I thirty-four, has lived in New York for several years. He is not yet divorced but only separated fr>»m his first wife. Baroness Dagmar NicolicsFodrinska. and he cannot be remar- { tied in the Catholic church without i a special ruling from Rome.

piETY railway ex- * ecutives h a v e united iit asking an increase of freight rates that would bring S4.'iO,(XM),O(K) more revenue to their roads, but! it will not be gruinted without a figlt. Dunean U. F let che r, senator from Florida and ranking Democrat on the senate commerce

Prince of Wales' American bush

methods. The prince Is delivering a series of speeches dealing with con- 1 ditions he found prevalent in South . America during his recent tour. Not , only did Wales score British business methods, but he also idjppe<l into politics in away that caused a I senshtion. His advocacy of “manufacturing within tariff walls” cuts square- ; ,Iy across .the hottest political i<-tie ■ of-the tooment in Britain—tariff versus free trade—and was an unexpected blow to the free trade labor government. ... ’ j.. ‘ PRESIDENT H<X)VER has appointed Ge«>rge Hastings of New York as a inemb.er of the White House secretarial staff to sueiet'd French Strother. Mr. Hastings is given the title of executive clerk and will handle the President’s outside social welfare interests, including his contacts with the conference on child health I abd protection. He will take up his I duties about June 1 after 15 yetirs of i >bcial welfare Work in New York.

THERE is consternation in gangland. And pleased surprise among the decent citizens of 4’liicago. Al Capone, , the redoublable gang- ! ster chieftain, hitheri to looked upon as ali nost unconquerable, i has been defied and is I set'mlngly doomed to fail in one of his latest efforts to add to

his monetary stores. It is the dyeing and cleaning industry of Chicago, vhlch has been a fruitful field for racketeers, that haft done the defying, and In its bold stand it is backed up by the low enforcing agencies of the I “Scarface” thought the time was ■ ripe for him to take charge of the I Industry, and through agents he infori.ied tiie Cleaners and Dyers institute that he would do so for "5 per cent of its annual receipts in membership dues, which would be about SUMI.(XMI. For this he promised to keep prices up, to police the industry and to bring into line any recalcitrant n embers. A committee from the institute met Capone in his hotel headquarters in Chicago and he repeated his offer, reducing his demands to Vper cent but declaring If his offer were not accepted he would take over the industry anyhow. The institute, however, happens to have as its chairman Dr. Benjamin M. Squires. hom-t and nervy, who had practically freed the industry from the racketeers. He told Capone no gangster associations would be tolerated, and State's Attorney Swanson promised to support him to the limit in this stand. Capone's efforts to take over the cleaning and dyeing industry were regarded by Assistant State's AttorneyCharles J. Mueller, in charge of racketeer prosecutions, as an indication of the reverses suffered by the gang in recent months. “There is no question that Capone’s mob has been hard hit, and that he needs money,” said Prosecutor Mueller. “His gambling racket has felt the force of raids by the police and the state's attorney® office, in connection with the special grand jury, and some of his biggest breweries have been raided by the federal agents. The prosecution of the big shots in the gang by the federal government. and the high bonds required, have no doubt caused Capone to look around for new ways of raising money.” F” RANCE'S amateur boxing cham- ” pions, eight In number, who came over to meet the team of American champions from Chicago and New 'York, in the former city, were defeated but made a good showing. They lost five of the bouts and won three. The tournament was a feature of Chicago’s fortnight of “Jubilee.” t©. I*3l. Western Newspaper L'atoa.)

Sec. Stimson

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

SPEAKING before t h e Manchester chamber of conmierce. . the prjnce of Wales | harshly admonished ; British business men , for their failures in getting and holding . foreign trade. The only way which Great i ..Britain can gain a 1 larger share of the J South American mar- j ket, he declared, was ! by ImitaGng North ‘ ncss and . advertising |

Al Capone

MM FRYING PAN MAY HURT HEN FLOCK ToOxErequent Use of Vigorous Chicks Harmful. Fried chicken is a delicious dish when prepared as only a good North i Carolina housewife can prepare it. but. too frequent use of the most vigorous spring chickens for this dish will hurt the flock next year. "I*., not let the best of the early hatched cockerels go to. the frying pan this spring as they are the ones to use as breeding males next season, cautions C. F. Parrish, poultry extension worker at the North Carolina State college. “The first selections of breeding males should he made from the early fetched chicks. Save i only those which mature early, and have the size, constitutional vigor and the other desirable traits of the breed being grown. The late-hatched cockerels will in all probability cause weak and undersized chicks.” For breeding purposes, those cockerels showing early sexual maturity are desirable. This is indicated by the rapid development of the comb and wattles and the age at which they I crow. The size of the body is an important characteristic of a good breeder, says Mr. Parrish, and may be determined by handling the bird. Those ! cockerels with a long, wide back, great depth of body, and a long, straight ; keel bone, should be chosen. , Mr.'Parrish says iiigh constitutional I vigor is essential and affects the geni eral appearance, size and shajte of the bird. Such cockerels are alert, active, refined and well developed. The head j | of the, vigorous male is wide across j the skull, set with full, prominent eyes ’ and has a strong, well arcbed beak. 1 The body is developed with a full • I round breast and a full abdomen. The I shanks are large, containing a large artmunt of pigmentation and are set well under the body. Birds of poor vitality are the opposite, being ill- ! shaped, under-developed, small and i pale shanked. r — Shade Quite Important During Heat of Summer It is not always going rain, nor ■are ail the coming days going t® be . i cloudy and dark. During the early part of the season, when the sunshine is so limited, it is well to |alk of the advantages of the direct rays of the sun, and they are important, but it won’t be long now until we are com plaining of the heat. ’ It is then well j to remember that there is such a thing as too much direct sunshine and that, shade is just as important, and we slioiild provide some for those growing chicks. If their yards have no natural shade, then provide some artificial i shade for them. Also remember riiey ! ■relish fresh, dean water as well as | you do. Do not allow their drinking vessels to become dirty, ami slimy Keep them clean and supplied with fresh water. Also see that their roosting quarters are kept cleaned and disinfected. They will not only brood but hatch lice and ! mites as well as they will brood chicks. It is much easier to keep rid of the ! pests than it is to get rid of them. A little elbow grease ami bat k bending exercise will do your chicks a lot of good, if rightly applied. New Wrinkle for Mites Is “Black Leaf 40" Old timers who lived in the days when bedbugs were abroad in the land will rememfer the ancient protection against these pests used by the old settlers when they set the foot of each bed post in a pan of kerosene, thus ! setting up a barrier against the onj coming hoard which would appear ' with the setting of the sun. Poultry ! men of today are using similar devices to keep rnites from visiting their flocks. These poultry men are fastening a piece of cloth around each .end of each roost, then they saturate the cloth with "Black Leaf 40.” The mites, that hide away during the daytime in crevices in the tmuse> find themselves blocked off from their feeding ground by this simple device. Feeding Goslings After the goslings are two <>r three weeks old, if good grass, clover or al- ; fa Isa range is available they will need only one light feeding daily of a mash made up of two parts of shorts and one part of fine ground corn, or ground oats or barley. After they are six weeks old. If they still need extra feed, change the mash to equal parts of shorts, ground corn and ground oats, with 5 per cent of meat scraps added. With good grass range the amount of feed needed will be small. Crowded Houses Bad Slow development of feathers on a pullet indicates a poor layer, and one ! of the chief causes of poor feathering, other than the inheritance of the bird, I is overcrowding during the summer months in brooder houses. One way ■ to eliminate crowding is to use summer shelters for housing the young pullets. In crowded brooder houses too frequently the chickens develop the habit of roosting on the floor, then as eold weather comes, they crowd, and colds and roup take a heavy toll. > Separate Chicks As soon as the sexes can be dlstinguished, chicks should be separated. Unless the cockerels are to be sold as breeders, they should be penned up and heavily fed until they are large enough to be disposed of as broilers weighing one and a half to two and a half pounds. They will never come nearer to returning a profit than at the broiler age. In some sections where good prices for capons prevail it’fiiay pay to caponize the cockerels and grow them out for the holiday market.

Hog Houses That Can Be Moved to Clean Ground When Necessary | "—“—g c “—’ ,• Floor Plan Front \ Elevation f ——--4 0 -* i 6*BotT & bovf * r xi “*• ** .1 **>« 1 i • ■•aw ■* . ji n». • It 8-o'— F—'" ’■ —d-o'-——- —— ■- —4

’ By W. A. RADFORD | Mr. William A. Radford will answer i [questions, and give advice FREE OF COST on all problems pertaining to the subject of building work on the farm. : tor the readers of this paper. On ac- | count-of his wide experience as editor. ■ .author and manufacturer, he is, with- ! out doubt, the highest authority on the ■ subject. Address all inquiries to William A. Radford, No, 407 South Dearborn street, Chicago 111, and only in- - close two-cent stamp for reply. ■ Since agricultural colleges have been advocating pasturing hogs and pigs on ground that was not used as pasture I the year before as a means of saying a greater number’of young pigs and to prevent the ravages of round worms and other enemies’ of hogs, the A- ' shaped hog house has come into great- ! er use than ever before. An individI ual home for the sow and her pigs is j i believed to be the best method-of housing. • i Shown in the illustration are a num- ' | her of A-shaped houses, each with a yard for the young pigs to exercise in, while the houses provide shelter trt night and In bad weather.

Refinish Your Old Floors Inexpensively "At the floor line.-the decoration-of I of a room really begins."'* Twelve milHuntwomen living in' homes over sis- ! teen years old read the article so entitled. or similar ones, looked wistfully at their own floors, and wished some one would tell how they could fix these floors themselves—inexpensively. w You can rent a sanding-polishing ; machine from your dealer —some machines ar? manufactured as two units, white Others come as one machine with two. interchangeable rollers —one for sanding the Moor, the other for polishing wax. The rental charge is nominal. Now, you are ready to start" the i actual sanding, and you will be thrilled to .see. all those old layers of paint, varnish, etc, come off and give you a brand new surface. Here are some tips learned from a professional floor sander. Always j sand tlie floor with the grain. When I starting or stopping the motor, have : the machine in motion. It is advisable j to go over the entire length of the 1 floor and,- without turning around, draw the machine backward over the ! same strip. ‘ In this wav you will ■ avoid making grooves in the floor i which are due to letting the machine rest or stop in.one snot. When the floor is all sanded, sweep ; It tip well to remove all dust particles before finishing the floor. Th? finish j is a matter of personal taste —there is a large range for preference in color, materials, etc. A popular finish ; is a hard drying filler, clean lacquer. ! and wax. The ‘fillers provide the color —-natural, light oak. dark oak. walnut. ) and mahogany were ■ mentioned, with light and dark oak being the preferred shades. Floors formerly finisheel with natural filler and varnish are about the same color as floors finisheel with light oak filler, and lacquer, because lacquer is absolutely colorless, while var- : nish was amber colored. Your dealer will show you panels finished in the various effects so you can make your selection. ' Whatever materia) you select, follow the directions on the ern and you will be assured of good results. On a newly finished floor, two coats of pa'ste wax should be appli.eti. The secret of a beautifully polished floor is applying a very light coat of wax. and polishing It well. The polisher you rented with the sander will burnish

New Type Chimney Brick Helps in Fire Protection Faulty chimneys are among the most ’frequent causes of fire, through the burning of accumulated soot • cracks in the lining and other reasons. A flue which is said to be proof against most of the common chimney ailments is constructed of interlocking brick, so curved on the inner side that when in place they form a round smooth flue. This promotes a swirling movement of hpt gases to help keep the brick free from soot deposits. The outside of the chimney is square. Why Not Paint Before You Try to Sell Home? To sell or mortgage your property, paint it first. That is the advice of a prominent bank president whose bank has frequently refused to loan because the owner failed to make the property attractive by brushing up the exterior. "No matter the type of property, if it is attractively decorated the pereon applying for a loan has on ad-

Longitudinal Section Houses of this type are simple to build, as will be seen by the sectional drawings that accompany the view of the houses and yards. Good matched lumber should be used in order to ! make sturdy homes that will be 1 weather tight. The walls are well | braced, the roofs are of shiplap { sheathing covered with asphalt or i other weather-tight rooting. When these houses are-used the sow usually is put In the house several weeks before farrowing time, so that she will become accustomed to her home before the pigs arrive. A plank j floor raised above the ground so that it will be dry, and good, clean bedding , provide the ‘‘nests” for the pigs, j Glazed sash may be set in tjie sloping . sides of the house if desired and are : beneficial when these houses are used ; for early spring farrowing and let in the light. The advantage of the A-shaped ! house over the colony farrowing J house is that It may be moved to clean ; ground whenever such action is advisable.

the floor perfectly. For maintenance | of the floor, either paste or liquid wax ■ may be used. Now, put your rugs and furniture | - back in the room: sit down and give way to that pride you feel in your accomplishment. Picture Arrangement Aids Interior Beauty How to hung a picture so that it will be in harmony with the walls and ■ furniture of a room is an important | thing to know. The entire room should ‘ “compose” well, that is,rit should give a well-balanced appearance in the 1 .matter of placing furniture and wall decoration. It is a fact that very few people who hang pictures on the walls of. their | homes •realize the importance of the I correct relationship between picture and furniture. Often a large picture j is hung over a small piece of furniture in which case there is an uncon&ious feeling that the small stand or table beneath that large picture is in imminent danger of being I crushed, should the picture ever fall. ! Or again, over a large davenport, for instance, is hung a small picture i that is completely lost. Such an ar- ' , rangement looks quite as absurd to the d seeming person as does a tiny , little round hat perched on the head . of a great stout man. As a general rule, it might be said [ . that the width as the picture should I be about one-half or two-thirds of the i width, of the piece of furniture. That ; is, the ordinary davenport is about six I ■ feet in length, or* as placed agaipst the wall, we might say "width.” The | i picture should be about three feet in ! width to be in correct proportion io the davenport. ’Die average desk is about three feet . across the back. The picture that is ' hung above it should surely be 18 inches by 12 inches to appear well proportioned in relation to the desk. Tall candlesticks on either side of the i desk will fill in the extra space on each side. Before deciding on certain pictures for certain wall space, it is well •*> see if they are appropriate, in size, for the wall space, as well as in color and subject. Picture dealers are now carrying various sizes of beautiful reproductions of the finest orientals. In color, in sepia, and in black-and-white. These are found at very reasonable prices.

vantage every time,” he says. "A property that is in a fair state of repair otherwise can be improved more by a coat or two of good paint than in any other way.” Appraisers from a bank appreciate the value of a neatly painted, well repaired house as compared to. a similar house that has been neglected. In addition, they feel that a man who takes care of his property is likely to bb prompt in his payments and the baftk will run less risk of having to foreclose the mortgage. A wise property owner, however, will not be content simply with the pristine appearance of a fresh coat of paint. He will see that a painter of good standing, does the Job. Water Pumps A redesigned line of pumps for hand, engine and windmill drive in localities without water supply feature, flange caps of arch span design io steel, declared to be unbreakable in ordinary use. Various models of the pumps are made for water lifts of from 25 to 2O> feet. Wearing part* are brushed and renewable*

LEAKY SEPARATOR IS WORST “ANIMAL”' Machines Stealing Butterfat Are Unprofitable. One of the most unprofitable “animals” any dairyman can have is a cream separator that Is not working properly, says’ H. R. Searles of St. Paul, Minn. Some dairymen who i would not tolerate a single’ unprofiti able cow have "leaky’’ separators that ! waste the profits of the entire herd. Just how prevalent faulty separa* tors are is indicated by the fact that ' one out of every three machines used ! by new members of the Minnesota State-Wide Cow . Testing association j have been found to be "stealing” but- | terfat, as Mr. Searles puts it. Some ■ of the skim milk samples sent in’ have i tested as high as 16 hundredths of 1 per cent. This would mean that in ; every 10.000 pounds of milk. 16 pounds ! Os fat would be lost. The loss on some herds has been more than $1 a month, I figuring fat at only 30 cents. A separator should hold the fat loss in skim milk down to from 1 to 2 ! hundredths of 1 per cent. Mr. Searles explains. Among the common reasons why separators fail to'skim efficiently are bowls out of balance, bent disks, worn spindle shafts or bearings, machines not fastened to floor or notlevel, worn-otir tinware, machine turned too slowly or too unevenly, i These and other causes may usually be remedied without much trouble. To guard against losses, separators ‘ should be checked by a skim milk test . every month. When cream can be seen on the skim milk there is a loss of at least 10 hundredths of 1 per cent. The separator check which is provided members of the State-Wide Cow Testing association is proving as real value, according to Mr. Searles. ! The association gained about 400 new ! members during February. The total |-on March 1 was. about 750 and growing rapidly. Keeping Barnyard Free of Fertilizing Manure One. of the best dairy farmers in eastern Ontario Is able to make the unusual clai’rn that, in the past eight ! years, there has never been a sinuie ; load of manure accumulate in his barn- ! yard. He cleans his stables each ! morning and the litter carrier is ! dumped directly bn the sleds or wagon. as the case may be. and hauled to the - field. This man has a sandy farm and it is not often *hat he cannot drive anywhere to spread manure. Farmers with clay land might find it more ditfiI cult to follow this plan, but all must I admit that a yard full of manure is ■ not a thing of beauty and the clean : yard of our eastern Ontario friend looks decidedly more sanitary as ar> i exercising place for a dairy herd, says a writer in the Montreal Herald. The Ohio experiment station offers Tin additional argument for keeping the barnyard elear of manure. Over a period of 36 years, which should be long enough to be conclusive, it has been found that manure which was spread on the field as produced, In? creased the average yield of corn per acre by three-fourths bushels, of wheat three-fourths bushels, and of clover hay 44)0 pounds more than did manure which was left In the pile In the barnyard and spread In the spring. Cows and Heifers Soon to Freshen Are Assets Cows and heifers soon to freshen are the dairyman’s createst assets, says E. J. Perry, extension service J dairyman of New Jersey. Every effort should be made to feed and properly protect these animals from accidents, rough handling., and storms. Feed hav and urain while on pasture, he advises, and keep these cows and heifers near the barn and under close observation. Any good commerClal-fltting ration containing 12 to 16 per cent protein should give Satisfactory results at this time. Mr. Perry advises. As a gogd home mixed ration, he suggests this formula: I<M) pounds each of corn meal, ground oats, wheat bran, oil meal and 4 pounds of salt. The ant- ' inals should also have access to water and salt In brick* form. About two weeks before calving the grain mixture should he gradually changed by eliminating the corn and oats, so that only bran and oil meal will be fed durinc the last ten days.. Heifers soon to freshen should be brought into the barn with the milking herd when the period of liberal grain' feeding begins. They can be fed while ir the stanchion, which gets them accustomed to being tied In the ham. and also, enables the feeder to keep close watch on their condition. Safety Bull Pen South Dakota reports construction of 25 safety bull pens as a dairy extension project recently. The average length was 60 feet and the average width for 20 feet. The cost ranged" from $lO to S7O. In most cases both a shed and breeding stall were constructed also. This is the only safe method of retaining bnlls until they •an be proved.. Furthermore, proved nulls are the only sure method a dairyman has of breeding up a profitable herd. Overfed Calves Probably more calves suffer from over-feeding than from under-feeding during their first two months, one dairyman says. It is a safe rule to keep the calf a little hungry and to feed whole milk at the rate of one pound qjaily for each eight to ten pounds the calf weighs. The dally allowance should not usually exceed 12 pounds even for a large, vigorous calf. It is important to feed milk at uniform temperatures and amounts from day to day.