The Syracuse Journal, Volume 23, Number 50, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 9 April 1931 — Page 2

News Review of Current Events the World Over La — President Hoover Urges Economy in National Expenditures —Earthquake Practically Destroys City of Managua—Knute Rockne Dead. By EDWARD W. PICKARD

PnESIHENT HOOver returned to, Washington after an .deven-day cruise to Porto Rico and tlie Virgin islamls. with a countenance that approximated the shade of an almost ripe tomato. West? Indian sur and wind had burned his face badly, and there was a Sytrong suspii-i-m the .-.kin would peel. There

x 1 ■Hr ' 1 President > Hoover j"

was n<i question, however, that lie was rested. and greatly w, ns a result of bi- leisurely trip. <me of hta tir-t •H<n<>un<enient.s was that ;1 LIX nrwiM- avoided If idgef and. ntiier-reeoniuieiiSa-tlnna for ex|»endhures were not In- ♦ re.ised by congress next winter. To ' that <-n.! t.e appealed to the nation to ..pressure.< on congress against •■the demand* of sectional or group The statement was made In the face of figging in>-oihe tax receipts ■ j|ig,:i tr«-.1-.|ir> -d ’ *''< msi.iNMt at 'he close of the current • fiscal year.. June :t*i. it was regarded us. part of tin- President s .effort to jnobelirc public sentiment against ■ ■ • . ' , relief appropriations or similar pro posals in the new congress to convene In I'ecemher. I Senator William- E. Borah. Reptlb-_ in an Insurgent. Idaho. retorted, through the press that 'the record hr that <s>n.gr<'S has appropriated less limn the Midget .mreiHl lias rwoffl--0 .-1. . I -- s. (.■; '' ‘ f\ ’-v years " He h- 'anal'his wiliit: guess to ' cut Off the provided for I the administrations naval building | program. ABI.IZ7.AIID in R - -k y mountain and plains states ttaik a toll of i eleven lives. Including tin* children, pl, ( 1:,; ' ■ ' I. * ■ -V. ’ ■ jM-ores were in a serious condition | from frost bite find exposure I Thousands of cattle perished Inn vu!e‘area Including Wyoming. Colo- I rad". South I’akota Nebraska and the western parts of Kansu*’ <>kla- . homa stn ! 'Texas. In the southern I part of Ihe storm ar.-a. peach, apri- 7 cut and other stone fruit crops were I •ruined. f The child victims of the storm were pupil* nt rie.omnt Hill s,q.,»>i. Town er. The. morning of the blizzard ■ Mathie Moser, the teacher ended < l,is».-s |. ( * inis,- of the storm r'nrl Miller itri'ed to tithe the pupils to their .Ponies in the'school bus 'Miss Mnher started t<> walk tn her home. Thire were twenty two children In the bus when Miller started, all he* tween -the ages of eight and thir- I teen. Three miles from Pleasant Hill the j bug plowed info a snow drift ten feet: | . deep .--nd st Hied <»'ut* de the tIW« 1 of falling .snow was. a Curtain ob the riMtd tra<k« and cover- i Ing fences. .Miller tried to hack I toward the school hut could not get I the w he's of the fill* free fr>-m J Ire ‘ drift. . - ’ After remaining with the children fur many hour*. Mdier realised he I nnfst get aid or all would perish. In the driving storm he started, nut. thinking he cotjid reach n farmhouse.. I . St-rpgg: ng on for more than three I miles he fell exhausted in a cornfield | and- |>erished. ■ ; I Five of the children were jdeatj ! vb.-n a reseinng party found them, bitt the rest were saved. Th.-re were other tragedies ih the storm that swept the mountain states and other sections: but this -tr was one to arouse the utmost pity. Eravelv the eh 'di.-n tnet th'-ir file' They sang and boxed and played to keep v. .arm. as. they were told by the driver before he left hem to seek aid, a« urgeil l»v the young lender put In charge, uhti) the niercile*s wind nnd chill benumbed them into helpless slrowsiness.

V/'Nl’Tfc KENNETH * * knc. fixqlmll ro;u h <■' the Vniversi t v <«f' Notre Dame, with :t name that became n collegiate byword. plunged t<» his (tenth with live fellow passengers and two pilots on n Transcontinental and Western Air. Inc., air liner in the mid Kansas grax-. Ing cotjntry. Witnesses said the

craft, thing through clouds and foe. Jost a wing in the air and hurtled to the ground like a crippled bird. Roekne had only recently recovered from an Illness which a year ago had threatened to terminate his brilliant coaching career. IJist year however, he developed one of the very |>est of jils ninny excellent teams, and made a schedule for I!VU which In dlea ted that he looked forward to an equally great team this year. American sustains a great loss. Americans lose one who typified the best In useful, wideawake citixen•hip. President Hoover in an official Statement descrilteu the death of Roekne as "• national lona." THE development of Fascism in Italy is to be marked further on July 1 of this year by the banishment of the twelve good men and true froffi the penal courts of Mus- • nollnlland. Juries are abolished with the reform of the courts of assizes. or those which try criminal cases, which premier Mussolini will put io effect

three months hence, and for them will be substituted a juridical committee. or vyhat’s called a •'college'’. consisting of two professional judges and live nontechnical citizens who are called "assessors.” Rut every one cannot be an a--■*-sor. Only special categories of citizens who have high moral and intellectual, if not political attainments, will run the risk of having their names In the wheel to be drawn as • assessors. The reform of the courts of assizek nnd the abolition of the jury is a’ rdsult of the ref<>rme»| penal •■ode in Italy, a work on which .Minister of Justice Rocca and his iidlniiorators have laborml for five years The reform was brought about by w hat w ere i-onsidere-l scah'ditlous decisions often returned by Juries made Up of men lof Insufficient, inteljbctual attninrnetits to distinguish between the facts and the emotional bunk of the lawyers. • i>is<’pntent with these abuses had accumulated, in less than a century ftW tile jury systein was only introduced in Italy In IMS.

■ ' ■ ■ J Chancellor Bruening

. The emergency decree enormously j j curtails the vital civic rights an- ! rh'tred to the German constitution. ! Rasing the actiot; on article is of the ; i•'onstituth.n. enabling the I’resid.'tit to ■ take «llctntoriH) measures when “se-, I curity and order are threatened.''* the ■; decree curtitils the |«*rsonal rights of * citizens such its the freedom of s;<eech, the inviolability of homes, freedom secret;/ In the mails, the right t<> meet when unarmed, the right j form atioi s. or own property, j 1.. Public announcements of political . ■ gaUa-r.ngs must he cont’oed to the I barest fa«t<. Newspapers infringing I upon the terms of the decree may be suspended for eigtr weeks, and other publications may be suspended for six months. The public speaking “muzzle «le- ' n-e." the ojd timers eloquently claim, is more severe than a •’uka-e" In the da.es of the. former kaiser. • 1 1 : ng .! .io -nr c.-nm.d will continue working <»n a mass of internal i !"• c.i 'lec .! Hll.\ ti:Ge on the i demand of one third of the members, i or the, etmncil of eiders < an authorize I such a special call by mHjprity vote. RUSSIA .ball*.■■'•pen defiance to the international grain conference at R'T e whe|i Abrahatn Kisslu, Soviet I delegate, declared that, far from redtwitig her wheat production, his coun i try would Increase it this year and th.s: instead of giving up tier policy or I' so-called '‘dumping." she Intended to se her whetH exports in ord.-r to pay fop her imports. w4ii<*h exceed unnoiMt u year. I “Any proposal .to exclude from economic Intercourse a nation occn- j i pytng one-sixth of the, I j is fpredoomei! to failure.'i-Ki-M said, j . "Ilib-ias popu’.if-m’i is jpef.-,-itig at the rate of 4.<lM«.(»ni a year, which is proportionately twice as great as the increase of Europe's imputation, therefore we must Increase out wheat prt>dm tlnl) ” Russia will return soon to ’he position as • Wheat eX|H>rter that she OC- ' rupled before the war. Kissin predicted. Canada will be unable to reduce her wheat acreage. Sir George Eergtis.in, Canadian high commissioner at London. told the. c*»nferen<'e. . The United States Agricultural department has estimated that spring i wheat plantings would be re lued 14.7 per cent. This exceeded the hope of I the farm boanl for a 10 per cent cut. I

El w I' Knute K. Rockne

THE Cuban Su prem® C’flirt hasghen a deci si o n I against President | Machado’s suspension pf newspa<»er ptibliya ' tion. holding that he j aete<l In violation of < the constitutional provision tor free speech when he shut down t »re>ses which h.ul , published Information and criticism distasteful i«» the government.

Mr. Machado set forth the necessity of public security and order as reason for the prohibition of publication hut without any showing that there was an emergency or that the newspaper comment was contrary to the public good. A VAST financial organization with millions of capital to relieve the cotton producers of the South from the distress caused by low prices of their 1 commodity. Is declared to be in process of formation by Chicago capitalists, headed by William Wrigley. Jr. Details of the scheme have not been revealed, but the main idea Is understood to be tn accumulate large quantities of baled cotton and hold it for higher prices. Cotton is now selling at prices ruinous to the planters and is a drug on the world market. The plan is also said to embrace a system of trading credits by which

I TAVRIN’G the for- ' mal adjournment i j of he tlertiian reictis- i i tr« g the Bruening i cabinet is armed wirli ' parliamentary certified dictatorial powers to run the country until next autumn, when the reichstag reconvenes. The government also prepajTd measures to curb att;i< k> on President Hindenburg.

R1 I President . Machado

the vast surplus of cotton will be exchanged for commmllties, of which Hie cotton growers stand In dire need, j These include farm equipment of ail kinds, groceries and clothing.

Earthquakes and fire in Managua. Nicaragua, took an estimated toll of LOOM dead and many < thousands Injured. I many of the m ; Americans. The; American legation.

MowajF> sr4 p—A MMAfM G»T* N. OCtAH Arrow Points to Managua

the British’ legat'ii t. ami Nicar.igu.tn i government buildings were all destroyed. Eire following the earthquake razed twenty blocks of the business district, causing an estimated property damage of American agencies were quick to respond' to the'need for help. The ! Red Cr*>ss rushed supplies .Marines, sent t<> the little republic on a political mission several years ago, were used to maintain order and relieve dis- , tress. . s J It is too early to know definitely . the extent, of the disaster. .Managua's population was in the neighborhmMl of i 4PJKMI, The region of this city .s dotted t With evidences of its volcanic character. and history records at least two .major volcanic disasters. Nicaragua ; has been > less hiflicted with earthquakes than its Central American j neighbors. , .> So far as is known there is not a Kibltpble budding left th ti e ome i • fill < ra . \ ii 'it. can cit y t e secon'l it! size in »he repubhe. I’re*ident Monctido himself abandoned the , national palace for a tent. Baseball loses two of its ma’or I luminaries in 4he passing of Ernest S Barnard and Byron B JohnI son. the president and th ■ ex presli dent of. the American league dying within sixteen hours of each other, Roth ifyvoted their dives to the American national game. Their terms of service, in the presidency spanned the | life of the* league Itself. I When Johnson quit the sports desk j of a Cincinnati new spaper to . eek his j fortune in the business admlnistra- j tion of baseball, .lames J. Hill had ar- ■ rived ns the empire builder id. tl<o I Northwest, and. John l>. Rockefeller had established the dynasty of Stand- J I :,r<l (Mt. As eai'ii of. those in his sep- ; a. ate sphere wore the Napoleonic mantle, so Johnson did in baseball, j I’nder his leadership a rather rowdy ' sport Itecame. on Its artistic side, a J profession, and. < .onmiilcally. entered the company of large affairs. It was Johnson's genius that wrought the t miracle. > - Mr. Barnard would have been fiftyseven years old on July 17. He had I been re-elected president of the Ameri lean league for a five year. term. His activity in connection with Hie draft controversy and in the adoption of the schedule is believed to have hastened his death.

IN THE death of • Arnold Bennett, English literature has lost one of its nmste.rs, and afi unbelievably long list of novels, dramas and essays conies to an end. Absorbed in the workaday world abo n t him. never a propjtgandist or it preacher, shunning the mazy introspections of the aev school, Bennett

Arnold Bennett

with mingled realism and romanticism portrayed the htupan comedy. With gentlt* irony and exacting attention to detail, lie laid bare material;imi shams ..f/civiiizat i>m. tilling the most insipid with exciting interest, hut never receding from his detachment to* turn crusader. Sufficient of his works will survive to assure Arnold Bonnett a permanent place on the world's bookshelves. THE $1,000,000 libel suit Gus G. Nations, former prohibition agent, filed agttinst Mrs. Mal>el Walker W illebr .k.l', former assistant attorney general. in r.»2*», in connection - with a I series of articles she wrote about pro- ■ hibition enforcement was stricken from the docket in Federal '-ourt St St. Louis for failure to prosecute. Mr. Nations said he could not pro ! cevd anvfprther with the suit because ' . luck le-en unable to obtain service on .Mrs W illebrandt. but he asserted | that suits for $20,000 damages each j were pending against her in New York i agd Washington for alleged injury ' dune to him by the articles; The only observation of Mrs. Mabel W'alker Willebrandt to the news that | the SI.(MW.O»M> libel suit filed against ; her by Gus <». Nations had j>eeu I stricken from the record was: "The action speaks for Itself.'’ She w-ould make uo other comment than that the inference the suit bad been dropped beesiuse papers could not be Mrved upon her was “am At her office it was said she had been in Missouri—Several times since the . suit was filed, and that her presence there had been widely carried in the press.

A CHANGE in the leadership of the Republican national committee, it is admitted. has been under discussion by party chieftains but responsible spokesmen ins st no plans have t>een agreed on. Despite continued silence by the national chairman. Senator Simeon D. Fess of Ohio, one

high Republican spokesman predicted important developments within the next few weeks. Fess has given no Indication of an intention to retire in the near future, though It has been generally understood for months he would like to be relieved nt the chairmanship. Among those being discussed for the chairmanship are Secretary Hurley, Postmaster General Brown and David Mulvane. Republican national committeeman from Kansas. <£l 1)31. Western Newspaper Union.)

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

PflVlW CAPONS USUALLY HIGHER PRICED Operation Is Favored When Cockerels Cannot Be Sold. The production of capons is a good practice for poultry flock owners, ae- ■ cording to Oliver N. Summers, exten- ' sion poultryman of the I niversify of , Wyoming, as capons usually bring higher prices than other classes of ; poultry. Surplus cockerels should lie capon- I i Ized (1) when cockerels cannot be sold to good advantage as broilers, when a supply of fresh killed chicken is desired later. RO cockerels are sometimes caponized when natural means are used for brooding because . I most capons (Leghorns aniLsm’h ex- ; j cepted) will brood chickens as .well as a hen. , ' I The unsexing of coekerelsAs simple and easy and losses in slips and birds that may he killed should be very small. 2 to 5 per cent, though, of course, this depends upon conditions such as light,* age. whether or not the | cockerels have been starved .before the operation, the experience of the oper- ' ator. etc. J , , | Though the increases in size or weight of a capon over a cockerel is considerable it is not as great as sometimes claimed and considered, it being about one fifth. However, this i increased weight is ma le on less feel I as the disposition of a capon is quiet i and docile while that of a cockerel is aggrissive and quarrelsome. Because | the market prefers larger capons and top prices are paid for capons weighing 7 pounds or more, the larger ' breeds and varieties are most desir j able. However, because the Asiatics , and Giants are slow growing and late j ! developing, birds belonging to the me- j dium classes as rhe IJymouth Rocks. Rhode Island Reds and Wyamlottes make the best capons. Because pf I ■ their smaller size it usually does not : pay to caponize Leghorns or cock- : erels of the lighter breeds. I Because the bst market and demandj ; for capons comes between Christmas I and Easter and because it takes about . I-M> mouths to g.< w and finish a capon ' properly, cockerels sbotwl be caponi Ized in June. July and August. Ofter information'as to the time to caponize cockerels is given according j j to age or size, hut it is more desirable ' j that the stage of development be taken into Consideration because some cockerels develop much faster than I Others of the 'sam’e lot. Because of the I limited time and space they cannot be | given here, hut details ps to instru- ' ments. the operation, care and feed , ing of capons, etc., may be obtained | from Farmer's Bulletin 810. “Capons and Uaponlzing.” which may he obtained from the County Agricultural Agent or the Extension Service of the College of Agriculture of the University of Wyoming. Ancestors Fix Pullets’ Worth in Laying Flock A baby chick is born with a certain j capacity to lay eggs, reminds Prof. L. M. Hurd of the‘New York State College of Agriculture, in advising chick buyers to buy chicks only from I heavy laying flocks. It is doubtful, he says, if any practice in flock management is as effective as breeding in increa'lng or maintaining flock profits. I He cites the records of two flocks at the Corneil university experiment st a- i i tion. One tlo k comes from hens whose ■ i ancestors for many generations have 'laiil a small number of eggs, which I last year laid 138 eggs worth The other flock comes from hens whose ancestors were selected for generations because they were the best layers; this flock laid, on the average, 219 eggs worth 5C.94. b Both fl«»cks were of the same age and were grown and handled the same way but the difference due to breeding was $.'1.04 worth of eggs for each hen. i One recommendation of the college is to buy ctflhks from disease-free and high-egg-laying strains, other recom- i meiidatlons and suggestions for grow- | ing. better pullets are vailable from s your county agricultural agent or from i the poultry department at the College I ! of Agriculture at Ithaca. Confine Male Birds What kind of eggs are you going to take to market this summer? You can | do a lot to keep up the summer de- ' mand for eggs by the care you give j them on the farm. Be sure the hens have plenty of'clean, airy nests, wellfilled with litter. One nest for every | five or six hens is sufficient Gather I the eggs twice a day. Shut up the broody? hens every night. Shut up or sell male birds. Infertile eggs cannot I spoil. Store the eggs in a cool cellar ; If possible. —— — Mites Cut Output Get after the red mites in the henI house before they cause a drop in egg production. Before the poultry mites become too numerous is the time to I i treat the roosts and other parts of the house. Hot weather is most favorable to the reproduction of the mites and they i multiply very rapidly, soon causing a falling off in egg production. These mites are much more harmful than the lice which live on the body of the hen all the time. Discard Old Rooster After the laying season is over every one should plan to “swat the old rooster” and make soup our of him or sell him to some poultry dealer who will put him on the market and let somebody else make stew. Unless this old bird is of special breeding ami outstanding value he should be sold at once and let you produce good infertile eggs for the market. It is these fertile eggs which cause so much tronl !e and which lose ths confidence of the dealer.

L -I Senator Fess

Ideal Combination for Average Farm Is Dairy Barn and Silo : -j -TU-/ ■ IIIILtt - ——77~~' < F~r 1 • II ; _j jH u- I I I 3- I 3' r-r-1 -T I’ a- • vj ft I >• it < — 1 L- .-r, •*- fLiYlDcNrt -i ■ Pi - 1 t • tJTtoßst | d -pHoRAE j > b jfc S' T-S pSIVE®r -L BtHE § j L ' o l St?! | I ■ R ‘ I- 1 n iri&iq CoMimioN Hoke Dairy 6arn

By W. A. RADFORI ; Mr William A Radford will answer questions and give advice FREE OF COST on all problems pertaining to the subject of building f work on the farm. • for the readers of this paper. On ac4'iunt of his wide experience as editor, i author and .manufacturer.' he is. with- ‘ «ut doubt, tffe highest authority on the subject. Address all inquiries to Wil- ' flaw A. Radford. .No (07' South Gearborn street. Chicago. 111, and only ini elose two-cent stamp for reply. Farmers at the present time are not liable to be the most cheerful people in the world, but they are always good gamblers. Year after year, in ; sonie communities the crop has failed i entirely, yet the men have come back ■ lie next year and tried it over again. Just because prices are not as high as they might be. to give the farmer I a fair return on his investriient and 1 labor- is no sign that the farmer will I discontinue ojierations. In fact, the ' man who was farsighted enough did , not depend entirely upon grain crops. I but built up a dairy herd that would : bring in a regular return summer and winter. Building on the farm will not stop because many farmers will store thein- crop until’a favorable turn in the price trend. i But there is no doubt about the l value of a herd to keep up the In ; <-ome in all sorts of' weather. And to I ke*>p this herd the first consideration ■ outside thin actually of selecting the ■ stock is to provide a suitable, and etli j cient building in which the herd can ■he housed For contented- cows will produce more than those who must practically make their own way nnd 1 get barely enough shelter to protect them from the elements. Dairv cows' are highly geared machines that re ■ quire care and attention. They re ! quote healthful surroundings if exI peeted tn yield results. I A barn such as that shown tn the Hllnstnition' is an ideal building from many points of view. It Is sturdy In ■ construction, roomy, well arranged and I not nt all displeasing to look at. al though that is the least worry about | this type nf building. It Is built of frame planks placed vertically, with vortical battens insur- ; ing an air tight wall. This is set up on a solid concrete foundation The roof is gambrel, with a- large lean-to ' on one side providing extra room on rhe lower floor for special Workrooms, j ere. At one end of rhe hnrn is a large 12-foof hollow 'tile silo, which ■ will hold a vast amount of green feed i for the winter, ft is connected direct ly with the various stalls by a carrier track, over which a feed carrier oper- ' ates. Directly hack of the silo are the j cow stalls. 2<> tn all. facing in toward j a central feed alley. A carrier track ' runs oyer ihe litter alley to the out side manure pit. *fhis carrier system greatly lessens the work of the help around the barn and. relieves them of the heaviest work of nllAwheeling the and litter to and from the stalls Running through the center of the barn from front to back is a high |- driveway, with double door entrance i in the front of the barn. The ceiling j over this driveway is higher than the regular barn celling and tn the center of the driveway are hay doors, through

Plaster Cracks Can Be Mended by Home Owner Cracks in plaster are a bane to every home owner. Fortunately, nibs! of such cracks can be repaired by the home owner himself with no more trou : hie than is exi>ended on any of the j average Jobs that he does around the | house. Care should be exercised, however. to use a .regular patching : plaster which has been manufactured specially for such work. This .Will inI sure a good Job. Such a patching piaster can be purchased In two and one-half and five-pound packages and requites only the addition of enough water to give it the consistency of putty to make it ready for use. Homes Cooled by Gas Is Engineers’ Forecast A new type of automatic gas refrigerator. which gas engineers believe may lead to house-cooling systems. has been announced by the American Gas association. Experiments have been conducted on the refrigerator for six years, the associa-

which the hay from the wagons or trucks can tie lifted up into the haymow which covers the entire upper door of the barn Because of the gtjun- ■ brel roof this storage room is enbr- , "rnous ami will hold a vast amount ol hay and feed. On the other side of the driveway IS ( the horse section of the barn, liml ’ some sj»ecial rooms. There are six , regular horse stalls, one boj stall and a double stall. These stalls are of the latest type and face a short feed alley. I at the end of which is a steel hay rack. ”, I In front of this horse section are j .the feed and harness rooms ami several bins fbr mixing feeds, A feed chute from above empties into the main feed room, and a hay chute is < located in the small passageway out- ' side. This building. While costing a tittle more than a poor barn, will soon pay for its cost. It will help to stimulate production ami. just as important, protriote Satisfaction among the help ; Sat-, istie'd helj> is cheaper than, a continually changing personnel. Better farm buildings will do much to cut down the cost of farm operation. r Architect Urges More Freedom in Home Design [ Business structures in theadyanced styles of tomorrow and resideni-es In the fashions of "a thousand, yesterdays is the incongruous picture which every . American city offers as a matter of course. An argument for the advancement of dwelling design into the free realm Which business building form has entered is made on the ground of utility j and taste by Francis Keally. a member of the American Institute of Architects. in the American Architect, To use a 500-year-old building as a model for a modern residence is like : offering a horse and buggy to a man j in a hurry to get somewhere, says Mr Keally. In designing buildings he sees , architects as too ready to start with ! the style of the roof and outer walls, making the Interior conform. Time was when the automobile was new. Those who had stables turned Miem into garages. Those who had no stables built what looked like little stables, put them .at the back of the ■ house where a stable belonged, and called the result garages Some ven i turous fellow finally decided that the | ®place for a garage was near the road I and he built his at tfie front of the lot. improving upon its appearance a» the same time so that i( no longer looker! like a miniature stable. Years i and years later a man who had a gas i or oil furnace made his basement from something resernhling a a large trash bln into a part of the human habitation. “Costume design has always fol* lowed architectural design.’’ writes Mr. Keally. "and has often been in har- i mony with it. Consider the beauti- I ful Venetian, costumes that were id harmony with ornate palaces. Today, however, the keynote of our clothes is c*»mfort and simplicity, yet we go on building Elizaltethan nuinors, French chateaux und Italian villas."

tion states, but only recently has It been feasible to make public the construction of the first commercial units. Differing from all previous gas refrigerators. the new one employs water as the refrigerating fluid, air instead of water for cooling and mercury vapor as the source of circulating energy. Have Electric Switches Harmonize With Paper While the tumbler switch Is the one modern ty|>e for installation in new houses, it is also especially adapted to the modernizing of old electrical equipment. It occupies rhe same space In the wall as the obsolete types that you may desire to replace and so involves no marring or further cutting of plaster, wall paper or wainscoting. You can choose a finish that will harmonize with the tone of the paper—choose it separately for each room—and you will find that the flush plate fairly sinks into Its background, entirely Inconspicuous save for its refined suggestion of perfect service ♦nd perfect convenience.

[)MrY NEW BARN PLANS FOR DAIRY COWS Designed for Farmers Hav- , ing Less Than 6 Animals. New plans have been designed by I the agricultural engineer working with the dairy extension office at the North Carolina State college by which cow i stalls and stanchions of lumber may be built at home by those who wish to remodel old barns to house dairy ' cattle. The plans have been designed in response to many requests from peri sons having a few cows and no place to keep them. Using these plans, ■ barns, stables'or sheds may be made i sanitary, and convenient for handling j a small d:)iry herd. A. T. Holman, agricultural engineer, who designed the new plans, says they are intended for the small producer having less than six cows. This class includes the. family cows and the small herds from which sour cream is sold,' The plans are not recommended for those in the dairy business and producing milk on a comparatively large scale. As explained by Mr. Holman, the plans show three complete stanchions and cow stalls including the feeding alley, manger, platform, gutter ami rear walkway. Everything is I to be built of lumber except the botI tom of the gutter, which is of **onI crete. Mr. Holman says one of tire best features of the new set of plans is the I low cost of construction. Only one ■ sack of cement and abolit 450 board, i feet of lumber are needed to build ' stanchions and stall for three cows. The average cost of the materials used , should be around $3 for one cow. The 'designs tire sirhple. permitting any farmer, handy with tools, to do his own work. Chemicals Can Be Used to Sterilize Utensils ! Chemicals can be used to sterilize ! clean milk utensils along with hot vva- ' ter. and many farmers are using this method now. according to L. 11. Rurg- | wald. Ohio State university. Chlorinated lime, 12 ninces, is dissolved in a gallon of water, the clear solution is siphoned off ami stored in a glass stoppered bottle and plhced in a cool, dark place. After milking the milk utensils are rinsed in cold water, then washed in hot water with a washing powder, and then rinsed with the hottest water possible to get. When this has been done and the utensi.s are thoroughly clean they are rinsed with a solution made by adding half a glass of the chlorine solution to five gallons of water. Barnyard Kept Sanitary Will Prevent Diseases I Cows should never be compelled to wade knet deep in nitid and manure ■ vyhole going into and out of the barn or when turned out for exercise or j water. A few loads of cinders or gravel or a few t,ile properlvi placed will prevent this condition. The cows themselves should also be kept reasonably w 11 bedded and cldan. This xvTTI Involye-a little extra labor, but a I cow that is worth keeping at al! willfully repay in increased production any reasonable amount of care of this I kind taken to make her comfortable, j (’lipping the hair closely on'the flanks, ! thigh, and udder ofi cows will greatj iy reduce the amount of labor necesi sary to .keep them clean.

I4I!!IIII"H-Hlin.llll' H-l-H-Dairy Facts 11 111 11-i-I mi ! I'M tII I t IH-+

The amount of milk fed n weaning calf should vary according to its size. • •’ . • An abundance of good roughage is of the greatest importance for full milk pails at profitable prices. • • * Alfalfa hay is an important dairy feed because it contains a relatively high amount Os protein and calcium. One of the surest wavs of helping solve the feed problem and incidentally to aid the whole dairy situation, is to cull out the low producing cows. ’ y When the daughters of a bull come into production, that bull will soon be proved to he either ’a vatn:d>’e breeding animal or just so much i soup’ meat. Newly freshened cows should not he fed heavily at first. A warm bran mash is very beneficial immediately . after freshening. Ground Ants, bran, I and oil meal can be fed later. ! Italian and perennial rye grasses are quick growing grasses and are well suited to be a part of a good i many pasture mixtures, one of their i advantages being tliat they act somewhat as a nurse crop until* the slower ' growing grasses get a root-hold. • • • Wheat makes a good dairy feed in amounts up to one-third nf the en- ; tire grain mixture. It should be rolled or coarsely ground and mixed with bulky feeds, such as bran or oats, in addition to enough protein feed to balance the ration. • • * In Denmark, 31.3 per cent of all dairy cows are tested per production; 20 per cent in Holland; 17 per I cent in Scotland; 11 per cent in BelI gium; 10 per cent in Germany, and 2 3-10 per cent in the United States. Djtiry cows use their feed to build muscle, hair, and bone, to furnish curd material and butterfat for the milk, to keep the body warm, to store fat in the body, and to. furnish energy . for the body processes. Protein, carbohydrates, and fat are needed to supply these needs. r