The Syracuse Journal, Volume 23, Number 41, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 5 February 1931 — Page 2

News Review of Current Events the World Over Red Cross Rejects Proposed Federal Aid of $25,000,000 for Drought Relief and Opposition Senators Threaten a Filibuster. By EDWARD W. PICKARD

Federal aid u not needed and not wanted by the American Red Cross, according to the statement made by John Barton Payne, chairman of that organization. to the house subcommittee that was considering the Interior department appropriation bill. Mr. Payne said the cen-

J. B. Payne.

tral committee of the Red Cross had adopted two resolutions, ns follows: “That It is the sense of the central committee that the Red Cross Is in a position adequately to complete the tusk It has undertaken In the drought stricken areas, and It hereby assumes the responsibility of completing said task witiiout public appropriations.” “That it is the sense of the central jcommittce that the Red Cross cannot - accept the administration of the funds for general relief purposes. ns provided 'for under the terms of the bill which has passed the senate and is now pending in the house." Senators who upheld the senate’s attempt to give the Red Cross a 825.COO.Ono relief appropriation rallied to the defense of that plan and. led by Bobinson of Arkansas. denounce*! the Tied Cross. President Hoover and the adfninbt!ration generally. They gave notice that they would filibuster against the general appropriation bills unless what they consider.to be adequate relief for the drought areas is granted. J INCREASING pressure In behalf of the plan to make immediate cash payment of bonus certificates to World war veterans was melt by Secretary of the Trers-ury Mellon with a slaternent to the senate finance committee that ituch payment was neither needed nor economically sound, and he more than Intimated that legislation to that effect - would be vetoed by the President. Poth he and Undersecretary Mills told the committee that the proposed bond Issue of 83,400,000.000 for the retirement of the 20 year bonus < < rtdb a!eswould not only disturb government finances, but would prolong the business depression. Next day they refloated their arguments before the house ways and moans committee. THE nenipcrat-rndienl Republican coalition- In the senate is stiil after those three members of fed* era! power commission. Smith. Garnaud and Draper, ami it .appeared certain that Walsh’s motion to take quo warranto action to oukt them would be carried. The matter came up in-the* lower house on a motion to cut out the appropriation for their salaries. but the representatives decided the quarrel was none of their business and the motion by a vote of 37 to 002.

Harry e. rowImttotn, Republican congressman from the First district of Indiana, was arrested in Evansville an d placed under SIO.OOO bonds by United estates Coramissl»n<'- C. E. Hannbn. He la charged with having taken 8750 from Walter G. and Aaron Ayer In return for Mie promise of

appointment of Gresham Ayer as a rural mail carrier at Rockport. Ind. j Itowtw>ttom's term In congress expires i on March 4 next. He was nn out- I standing member of the 1920 Indiana | house of representatives when the ■ Ku Klux klan began to show its. great political influence. ■The Post Office department In Washington announced on January 5 the dismissal of four postmasters and the suspension of a rural mail carrier, all in Rowbottom's district. The official statement of the department at that time said that reports prevalent In Indiana that "certain postmasters and others who were applicants for positions In-the Post Office department had been paying and causing to i be paid various sums of money to a congressman to obtain the appoint- | mdtats desired" were brought to its ; attention by Senators James E. Watson and Arthur Robinson. j MAJ. GEN*. SMEDLEY D. BUT- ; ler. commandant of the marine ' base at. Quantico, Va., whose prui»en- ' ally for speaking his mind freely has made trouble In the past, has been talking again. This time, before the Contemporary club In Philadelphia. General Butler, according to press reports, made a speech in which he severely criticised Premier Mussolini of Italy, calling him “one of those fellows who are wailing to start another war." and declaring: “He is polishing up all the brass hats in Italy. He Is gening very Roman." He also said Mussolini ran over a child with his automobile. - Mussolini cabled a flat denial of the automobile story to Italian Ambassador de Martino, who promptly lodged a protest at the Department of State. Secretary of the Navy Adams called on General Butler for an explanation, and when this was received Secretary Stimson made a formal apology to Italy for Butler's statement. At the same time Mr. Adams ordered that the officer be tried by court martial. SENATOR CAPPER’S joint resolution authorising the federal fisrm board to make 20.000,000 bushels of the wheat it owns available for emergency relief was passed by the senate.

The board’s revolving fund'is to be credited with the cost of the grain at prevailing prices. In recommending the passage of the bill the senate agricultural committee stated "the country faces the anomalous situation of having a surplus of wheat beyond the ability of the consumers of the nation to purchase; at the same time there are thousands and hundreds of thousands of hungry persons sadly in need of bread. Adoption of the resolution will provide measures for immediate relief. The cominittee believes this action will be an act of humanity and also that such actioia is justified in the face of conditions that prevail in the country at the present time.”

Attorney General Mitchell.

diclal appointment by Thomas Schall,’ blind senator from that state. Schall has retaliated l«y questioning the good taste of Mitchell s action and declaring that unless Michel is nominated the post will remain vacant. Tlie attorney general In merit asserts that Michel is not qualified for a judgeship nnd infers that Schall's recommendation was in payment of a political debt. "President ' Hoover," he adds, "hn.s raised a standard of judicial appointment in which political ‘usefulness’ does not enter. He has refused repeatedly to be bent by such motives. 1 am sure that the people of Minnesota approve of his attitude. When it comes to judicial office they want mon about whose qualifications there is not room for difference of opinion, not men appointed to pay political debts." Senator Schall ccepted the issue and replied: "I am forced to the conclusion that the attorney general displays less than good taste to say the least when he makes reference to the payment of political debts. It is an inferential Insult to the people of our stake to even Intimate that they would consider political expediency rather than sound qualifications and integrity In their choice of a judicial appointee.” POSSIBILITY of another controversy with Canada loomed when it was announced that the two masted auxiliary schooner Josephine K.. of Nova Scotian registry, had been captured by a coast guard cutter after a five tulle chase in lower New York bay and her skipper, Gapt. William P. Cluett of Lunenberg, Nova Scotia, killed by a shot from a one-pounder. On the schooner and on a garbage scow which was in tow of a tug and also was captured the officials found a large quantity of liquor. After a conference in the White House. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Lowman gave out the statement that the coast guard was performing its statutory duty In preventing smuggling. •. "It is regrettable the captain lost his life, but it was simply an Incident. t<> the transaction." he continued. “I feel sure the coast guard did not fire with intention of taking life, but to prevent the rum runner escaping. Apparently the Canadian was violating the laws of the United States, which it is the duty of the coast guard to enforce under mandates from the congress of the United States." Lowman said a coast guard cutter •caught the rum runner transferring a cargo of liquor to a scow and a small motorboat well within the 12mile limit and just outside New York harbor. He wild the cutter hoisted her pennant, whereupon the rum runner tried to escape. Several warning shots were fired before the shell struck the pilot bouse, kilting the captain and bringing the Josephine K. to a stop.

Harry E. Rowbottom.

PIERRE LAVAL only forty-seven years old. became premier of France and pot together a cabinet to succeeci that of M. Tardjeu. It Is a ministry of the right whose political complexion does not differ greatly from that of its predecessor. The radical /Socialists refused x to

participate but politicians in Paris believed the new government would survive. Tardieu accepted the ministry of agriculture, and Briami the foreign affairs portfolia Laval himself took the portfolio of the interior. The one legged General Maginot was made minister of war, Dumont of the navy and Dumesnll of the air, while Flandin became minister of finance and Landry of labor. For the first time a negro is in the cabinet He is Blaise Diagne of Senegal and is undersecretary of state for the colonies. SOVIET RUSSIA has flatly and rather indignantly denied the British government’s request for an investigation of charges that convict and slave labor are employed In exporting Russian timber. Foreign Commissar Litvinov told the British ambassador at Moscow that such a request could no more be considered that would be a similar request made on the British authorities. He added

Holding that as attorney general of the United States he has the right to pass on the professional and ethical fitness of candidates for places on the federal bench. William D. Mitchell has. openly and vigorously attacked the qualifiesI ions of Ernest A. Michel of Minnesota, recommended for jn-

Pisrre Laval

that convict labor was employed by Russia, as by other countries, on such work as road building and that matter was the sole concern of the Soviet government.

BEFORE he committed suicide by shooting himself at his home In Jersey City, Edward L Edwards, former governor of New Jersey and former United States senator, wrote a note to his daughter which gave no explanation of bis act. However, his family and business associ-

E. I. Edwards

ates knew he had been despondent, and that he was suffering from an incurable disease, so they were less surprised than shocked. In the senate Mr. Edwards was a pioneer of the wets, though be never took a drink of liquor. In 1924 he was mentioned as a Democratic presidential possibility on, a wet platform. In 1928, Mr. Edwards was called back from the convention in Houston, Texas, by the fatal Illness of his wife. Broken with sorrow, he entered his campaign for re-election and was defeated by Haniilton F. Kean. Then came financial misfortunes, a break with his lifelong friend. Mayor Frank Hague of Jersey City, and not long ago the death of his favorite brother. David F. Edwards. Evidently, life held nothing more for him.

XITILLIAM HOHENZOLLERN, who ’ * used tobe emperor of Germany, celebrated the seventy-second anniversary of his birth on January 27 at his home of exile in Doorn, Holland. It was not a gala event and there was little of the pomp that marked the day liefore the World war. William attended divine Services in the morning. then received the congratulations of his immediate relatives and presided at a family dinner. In the afternoon he received delegations of German monarchists, and in the evening there was a formal dinner at which the ex-kaiser appeared wearing the uniform of a German field marshal and his decorations.-

WHEN the king and queen of Siam pay their official visit to Washington In April they are to be provided with a residence that will have all the luxuries of a royal palace. Our. government has nd official home for distinguished visitors

and so always bor- • King of Siam rows one when tlie occasion arises. This time It has accepted the offer of Larz Anderson, former ambassador to Japan, of his great castle-like'house on Massachusetts avenue, and there the royal couple from the Far East and their suite will by housed. The Anderson house was used once before for foreign visitors, in 1918 by the Belgian war mission.

INVESTIGATION of the admlnlstra- * tion of law in the federal courts throughout the country is to be carried on under the supervision of a committee of which Dean Charles E. Clark of Yale law school has been appointed chairman. Plans for this study were approved by President Hoover’s commission on law observance and enforcement.

Assuming that the MacDonald government remains in power. Great Britain is likely soon to imitate Italy in one respect, Philip Snowden, chancellor of the exchequer, nnd his associates are planning a drive to reduce costs and help the British manufacturer to recover his -su-

Philip Snowden

premacy in the world's export markets. The scheme proposed includes a 10 per cent cut In wages and a similar reduction in the prices of ail goods and commodities. The British working man, according to officials, would be as well off as ever though receiving less for his work. Mr. Snowden has been sounding out the large employers on the plan, and in a letter to. prominent manufacturers has intimated that the government in its next budget would set the example by making a cut of 10 per cent in the salaries of all government employees. The trade upions have been consulted and hate given the scheme tbeir approval. So seriously is this plan taken that a great Scottish shipbuilding firm,which has been approached by a firm of Indian merchants with an order for 810.000,000 worth of coastwise shipping, suggested that the buyers wait a couple of months, when they would be able to offer the tonnage at 10 per cent under the present cost. CARRYING out tlie policy and -plans of the British governmenU Lord Irwin, viceroy of India, decreed the unconditional release from prison of Mahatma Gaudhi and his chief lieutenants, ail members of the working committee of the ali-India national congress. The “holy man." desiring to avoid demonstrations, did not leave the Yeravda jail until eleven o’clock at night (Tad only in a loin cloth, be took a train for Bombay, where he was met by immense crowds of adoring and rejoicing natives. Taken through the city’s streets in an automobile. be acknowledged the frenzied greetings of bls followers by bolding both arms aloft with hands clasped and his head bowed as if giving the masses his btesslug. Gandhi told interviewers that he emerged from Jail with an absolutely open mind unfettered by enmity and prepared to study the whole situation and the statement of Prime Minister MacDonald. He still insisted every political prisoner in India should be freed, but said he did not yet know what would be his course If the British government would not consent to this. z <£. I»3L W«stani N««BP*p«r Uaioa.)

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

DAIRY MILK PRODUCTION MOST IMPORTANT Poor Economy to Substitute Feed for Shelter. Feed given the dairy cow should be used for milk production and body maintenance rather than as a substitute for proper housing. "When cows are unduly exposed to bad weather, a large part of their ration is used to keep their bodies warm, leaving only a small portion for milk production.” asserts John A. Arey, dairy extension specialist at the North Carolina State college. “Every effort should be made to keep the cows comfortable during the disagreeable periods. If this is not done, profits will be reduced. It is poor economy to substitute feed for shelter at any time.” *r. Arey believes the cow stall should be well lighted, nicely bedded and properly ventilated but free from air currents. He says he has seen many cow barns and sheds in the state of such poor construction that they afford little protection against the cold winter wind. The sides of the barn or shelter should be made tight with the air being admitted through properly located windows. The practice4llSO of requiring cows to wade through mud and ice to secure drinking water is expensive. This kind of exposure chills the cow’s body ano prevents her from drinking the amount of water needed fqr good mils production. A cow weighing from S*l to 900 pounds and producing about 30 pounds of milk a day needs from 80 to 90 pounds of water each day. She will not drink this amount unless it is convenient nnd of medium temperature. says Mr. Arey. Practical Dairyman Is Admirer of Modern Bam The modern dairy barn Is as far removed almost from the old cow stable in use a third of a century ago as is mechanical power from that furnished by a yoke of oxen in pioneer days. A well - ventilated. well - lighted barn equipped with a concrete floor, adjustable stalls that can easily be kept clean and in strictly sanitary condition, truly is an inspiration to the practical dairyman. With proper ventilation, not only can the foul air be removed, but also the excess moisture that used to accumulate in the old stables. This means better herd health and more economical use of feed by the cows. Plenty of sunshine and fresh, pure air are two of the most Important factors not only for the health of the cow, hut also for the conversion by her of feed into milk and butterfat Colostrum Is Helpful to Newborn Calves A new-born calf should always be given the opportunity to suck its dam at least once so as to get the colostrum which nature has especially prepared for it. This colostrum is laxative in character and also contains some stimulating products which help to start the digestive system into activity. If for any reason it is impossible to give the colostrum to the calf, it should be given one ounce of castor oil shortly after birth and before it Is given any food. After that the calf may be given milk from any cow if the mother’s milk is not available. • • Give Cows Free Access to Water to Help Yield Giving cows free access to water any time they want It, increased milk yield 6 per cent and the butter yield 12 per cent.' Cows which had access to water took a drink an average of 10.3 times tn each 24 hours and drank over 18 per cent «nore water than cows which were fed exactly the same but watered outside. These are the results of tests conducted by C. T. Cannon of lowa State college. They indicate that there are thousands of dairymen who could greatly Increase their profits by using drinking cups. Dairy Facts Water is the cheapest and one of the most Important dairy feeds, If we can class It as a feed. ' • • • When several small calves are kept together small stanchions are a great convenience at feeding time. • • • Where skim milk is left on the farm the raising of calves Is comparatively simple if supplemental feeds are used. • • • About 87 per cent of milk Is water. For plenty of milk, don’t forget to give the cow all the. water she cares to drink. • • • Cows give more milk If milked three times a day Instead of twice. In observed cases the . Increase has been from 10 to 25 per cent. • • • The life of an average woven wire fence when posts are replaced and the fence Is restretched. Is 18 to 27 years, according to estimates made by 146 lowa fanners. « • • The modern way of using chemical disinfectant solution for sterilizing milking machines is to suspend the teat cups and tubes on an especially designed rack and completely fill them with a good disinfectant solution. • • • At seventy days of age the calf may be weaned if It Is In a strong, healthy condition. There is no objection to continuing the feeding of milk for a longer period, except for the expense and a calf will usually do very well cm grain and hay after that age has been reached.

.JsiiA

Proper Housing for Beef Cattle Essential to Profitable Returns ?' --' " ■.• •gj! U_—2o : oL Ji — ■— l M-ts J Feeding Space •« -* Earth Fiooo f SlLo 1 --•*•«{»» * * - I io'o’xsi'o'l I Gaasieß-TBacK £ " ~*°|** f t *— »•»* y—<r ■/- o 7 , -p / 1 . -1. - J_: i.. .ZJ s t e , J /s«.o T - *' Go-o'xsu-oy , |.... .. $.. ■ l-. 3 ::: Z«*’ StvmihwSbt Z4’O.C: ' ,| I Feeding Space v ! Earth Floor {

By W. A. RADFORD Mr. William A. Radford will answer questions and give advice FREE OF COST on all problems pertaining to the subject of builfiing work on the farm, for the readers of this paper. On account of his wide experience as editor, author and manufacturer, he is, without doubt, the highest authority on the subject. Address all inquiries to William A. Radford. No\ 407 South Dearborn street, (’hioago. \lll_. and only inclose two-cent stamp lor rep!y. Much attention is given to the question of proper housing of dairy cattie. but it sometimes seems that beef cattle do not receive their due share of attention. If the raising of beef is to be made profitable good housing is an essential and. when it is time for “finishing,” a t. ell planned cattle feeding barn should be available. Stith a barn is shown In the aeeoiHpanying illustration together with a plan indicating its interior arrangement and quipment. The main portion of this barn occupies a space 75 feet wide and 84 feet long, while at one, end, there is an extension consisting of a feed-niixing

Cellar Is Fine Place for Breakfast Room At first it looked like everybody else’s furnace room: now the asbestoscovered .furnace is white, its doors are black with stovepipe enamel, the hotwater tank is silver and the rough walls are ceiled and white. Windows and doors have griiy trimmings and a cast-off dining room set is finished in gray stain. Shabby frames, made new with gray enamel, hold the fashion prints of early 60s that hang one the Iwalls. With red-and-white gingham window draperies, a red geranium in a gray-trimmed, white pot in each window. bottle flower-containers enameled white and gray in inch-wide stripes, and rag rugs, this furnace room is a charming breakfast room, cool in summer and warm on cool mornings. Another basement room has been converted into a kitchen. Stone walls, smootheti with plaster and woodwork are enameled white; exposed pipes have been silvered. Cabinets, tables and a dumb-waiter connecting with the upstairs dining room are white and black and white paint have changed old kitchen chairs into new ones. Way to Build Chimney Told by U. S. Bulletin An improperly constructed chimney or fireplace is not only inefficient in heating the house, but may also constitute a serious fire hazard. Farmers’ Bulletin 1649-F, Construction of Chimneys and Fireplaces, just issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, tells how to build chimne>s so as to avoid objectionable features of construction. The most common faults of chimney construction, according to the bulletin, are improper bricklaying, failure properly to support 4he chimney, lack of tight flue, and failure to maintain the full sectional bond when a flue is offset The bulletin contains informatibn regarding the shapes and sizes of flues, height of chimney, flue linings, smoke test for leakage, and other essential features. One section of the bulletin Is devoted to the construction of fireplaces. This- points out that a fireplace as ordinarily constructed is not efficient and ei’onomical, but It has its place as an auxiliary to the heating plant

Small Screens Are Made Easily by “Handy Man” With a little ingenuity a folding screen —one of the most charming decorations for any room—can be made at home. Three thin rectangular boards, smoothly planed, may be neatly covered in fabric or wall paper, applied with glue, and then the boards can be joined by simple hinges. If wall paper or appliqued prints are chosen as decoration the next step is to wax the flat surfaces lightly (in case an antiqued effect is desired) or otherwise coat them with a liquid wax glaze. Either of these treatments makes the colorings seem more rich and mellow and preserves the screen from stains and scratches. Board Insulation Makes Ideal Finish for Room Hundreds of home owners have found that the pleasing texture and natural tan color of cane-fiber Insulation board make it ideal for interior finish when they remodel their homes. By using insulation board as a finish,

room connecting with two large silos. Doors are so arranged jis to provide a straight 1 drive through along each side and down the center of the barn, through the mixing room and out between the silos. Extending down the center of the barn is a long cattlefeeding trough with a manger and hav Vack of equal length at each side of it and parallel. Between the feeding trough and these mangers, carrier tracks are provided for quicker and easier handling of feed. While tins barn is set on a concrete foundation an earth floor is entirely satisfactory for the interior, and this makes the cost of construction conshlerably lower than that of an equalsized. dairy b&ru, as does also the less elaborate equipment. The upper portion of the structure is supported on 5-inch pipe columns and above there is provided a large loft for the storage of hay and dry feed. With such a payout the beef cattle can be put in the best of condition for the market and should bring top prices when sold.

and because of the hominess that a burning fire imparts to a room. Certain principles, which must be observed in tlie construction of a fireplace if it is to have a good draft and not smoke, are explained in detail. This bulletin may be obtained, while the supply lasts, upon application to the office of information. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Air Circulation Near Radiator Must Be Free Give the radiator a chance. It can’t do its job efficiently if the free circulation of air is prevented. Don’t have large pieces of furniture too close to radiators. A long davenport pushed up close to a radiator nihy cut down its efficiency by nearly onehalf. particularly if the davenport extends the entire length of the radiator Don’t pile books, newspapers, inaga zines, clothes, or other things on top of the radiator and expect it to oper ate at maximum .efficiency. A radiator can only heat a room with the greatest economy if the air has acces? to all parts of it. Don't try to make an improvised radiator shield by placing towels sheets, or cardboard over the radiator or on top of it. If you prefer to have your radiator inclosed, get the advice of a competent radiator heating con tractor on what type of shield or in closure is best adapted to the kind of a radiator you have. There is a great variation in the efficiency of tlie differ ent kinds of shields and Inclosures ofc the market Without the advice of a heating contractor you might select one that is not an efliecient heat distributor. May Eliminate Cellars to Fit Family Budget Every sincere architect interested it designing small houses that will fit the average family's budget is trying to cut the cost in every way that seems practical. One suggestion is tli<* elimination of the cellar by erecting the house on a concrete slab laid directly on the ground. With proper insulation against dampness and cold, and care in installing the heating plant, this plan, which has been used •successfully, effects quite a saving in building costs.

they refuse remodeling costs by eliminating another finish and provide for future fuel savings by reducing heat losses through wails and ceilings in winter. Many beautiful effects have been obtained by staining, painting and stenciling the boards. Joints between the boards may be covered by wood strips for a pending effect Use Fan.to Speed Up Heating Entire Home Have you a little orphan in your house? A room that may be considered an orphan, so far as the heating plant Is concerned, Is sometimes found in homes heated by warm air or oil is burned', that particular room refuses to warm up. In such a case, the first thing to do is to examine the pipes running to that room for obstructions that may have shut off the air stream. If the pipes are found to be clear, a small electric fan in the circulating system of the furnace may help. The fan will not only improve the heating of the cold room, but will speed the heating of the entire home. It also will insure more even heat.

FARM POULTRY SLANT ROOF AND SAVE ON REPAIRSToo Little Pitch Is Cause of Much Trouble. Gentile slopes may be all right in the corn field, but they are certainly out of place on the roof of the poultry house, according to H. P. Twitchell, extension specialist in agricultural engineering at the Ohio State university. One reason, he says, why the roof of the poultry house requires mending or replacing quicker than any other type of farm building is that they are untisuall.v flat, often having a pitch of but one inch to the foot. Such gentle slopes eliminate the use of such roofing materials as slate, shingles and ordinary metal roofings which are not suited to small pitches. As a result, composition roll roofing has been about the only material used. This type of roof is satisfactory for only one or two seasons. The best mothod of repairing an old composition roof is to convert it Into a built-up roof. Twitchel! points out. This roof, whi&h consists of several layers or thicknesses of roofing paper cemented down with hot roofing asphalt, often lasts for more than 15 years. The cost of converting an old composition roof into a built-up roof is less than that of laying a new roll . roof. In laying the new roof. Twitchel! says, it is a good idea to first go over the old roof and be sure that it is perfectly smooth: old nails should be driven in. metal strips removed, and wrinkles levelled out. After the old roof has been gone over and made fast to the roofiqg boards, tar paper or roofing felt is laid. In laying the roofing felt, hot asphalt is mopped on a small area at a lower end of the roof where It is desired to start the roll. Then the roll of felt is placed in position on the freshly applied asphalt liefore it has time to harden. More asphalt is mopped on the surface and the felt unrolled as quickly as the asphalt is applied. Only a ribbon of asphalt as Wide as the roil is spread over the roof surface. Each strip is laid half way over the preceding strip and the whole covered with a finishing coat pf hot asphalt. Producing Geese for Market and Breeding The number of geese that should be permitted to mate with a gander varus somewhat with the purpose for which the offspring are intended. Wlten the geese are bred for the purpr.r.e of .exhibition, they should bo mated only in pairs, and kept in mating yards until it is certain they are mated. When geese are bred for the purpose of producing geese for market, the females and males may run in large flocks from the beginning provided the proportion of one male to three or four females is maintained. If allowed their own will, all varieties of geese, except the Canadian, will mate in the proportion of one male to three or five females. Rarely if ever will the Canadian geese mate otherwise than in pairs. Exceptions to this rule occur, however, if Canadian geese ate mated while confined. Poultry Notes Winter egg production is often cut short by a limited supply of water. • » • Run the incubator for 24 hours so fts to be i«re that it is properly regulated. • • • See tlfet there is an outlet for foul air located at the highest point in the poultry house. The opening should extend the length of the house. .* * • The second day after hatching, the goslings can be fed on stale bread crumbs moistened with skim milk. Feed four or five times daily. A few hard boiled eggs crumbled up can bd fed to advantage. The best method of marking the hens Is by use of leg bands. Sealed bands that can be used only on»e are the kind to use. • • • General purpose breeds seldom lay enough eggs to pay for their feed after two laying seasons. They are not as a rule, good breeders. • • • Approximately 25.000,600 dozen eggs are exported by the United States each year. Imports of eggs not in the shell amount to approximately' 25,000,000 pounds. • • • Heated drinking fountains should be standard equipment on all poultry farms where lights are used for birds in winter. • • • Slight traces of dirt may be removed by using steel wool, but eggs should not be washed, as that will injure their, keeping qualities. Pullets must be kept in good flesh if their egg production is to he maintained at a high level. Feeding a fleshing mash in addition to the laying ration will help. f • • Steamed or mashed potatoes make a valuable addition to the winter ration of laying hens. Six to ten pounds per day for eqch one hundred hens is as much as may safely be used, however. One of the best systems of ventilation in a poultry house is through the windows. If they open back at the top into the house, all that is necessary Is to open them and let the fresh air in and the impure, moist air out. When It gets cold, make the opening smaller.