The Syracuse Journal, Volume 22, Number 49, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 3 April 1930 — Page 2

■■ q® vJI •Bl . ' .. \4jf ■■•--, i VAlu )3pL >’l ■■'•• \ i I Jn ' 'wl ■*F 1 j£jg||| faat./H Hi I fl I Jp * ,< iß •' nJ | OO&rp rW k-«ifIBoPREI 1 Senate committee probes unemployment situation. 2—Edward L. Doheny with his wife and lawyer leaving court after his acquittal on charge of attempting to bribe Former Secretary of the Interior Fall. 3 Helen Hull, author of “The Asking Price," who won the Guggenheim fellowship.

NEWS REVIEW OF CURRENTEVENTS Tariff Bill Passed by Senate After Months of Heated Controversy. AFTER months of heated nhM acrimonious controversy the senate passed the tariff bill by a vote of 5.3 to 31. It goes back to’ttie house which passed it last May t.iid will be thrashed over in conference committees of the two houses. The result ,< will be a compromise bill which nihy be expected In about six weeks. The bill He passed by the senate represents a higher degree of protec-_ tion than that: afforded under the present law, but provides duties on a. somewhat lower level than the bill passed by the house. , Senator Reed Smoot (Rep. I tali) told the senate that the dutiable items In the bill as passed represent the equivalent of an average o ad valorem rate of 38.99 per cent, as compared with 40.54 per cent as reported from the finance committee, 43.15 per cent ns passed Ry the house. 34. Cl per cent In the present law mid '21.08 per cent in the Underworal act of 1913. The senate made 1.253 amendments to the house bill, according' to Senator Smoot. Among the features of the senate ' bill are Included many increases in rates on agricultural products over those granted In the house bill, a somewhat smaller increase in the ditty on sugar than In the house bill. Imposition of duties on cement and brick as In the house bill, a new duty on Soft wood lumber, elimination of duties on shingles <n«i hardwood lumber' ns proposed In the house bill; lower duties than fn the house on aluminum, pig Iron, watches and cl< - k«. and on many chemicals tin I other irfanufnc-turt-d articles, Hitter contests in the deliberations of the Conference, committees rtf the two houses are expected over the • \- J.: ' A ' and re . ~i of f . w nrv in the senate hili Senator Borah, who voted for the bill, indicated that he did so chiefly because of his sup•jM>rt of these two provisions, and Intimated that he would vote against any conference report that eliminated them. - i iq the final vote <>n the bill 46 Republicans and 7 Democrats voted for the bill, while 2G Democrats and 5 Republicans voted zc'i :.-t it. Th? r. IIcr.ls split, seven of them, voting f<>r the bill and one being paired for the bill white five, vottal In tie negative. TIIE question pf paying the price which France derrtat|ds for Joining a five-power navy .reduction treaty has been passed up to Great Britain by the United States delegation. If the British government offers a security guarantee acceptable to France, the American delegation may favorably consider America's commitment to a cdnsultatfve pact. Vpder this plan Great Britain would, be pledged to protect France against aggression. America would be pledged to consult with European powers In the event of a European war. hut would not be bound, to employ armed force against >he aggressor. if I s n ° f clear whether the-United States would be committed by Implication to take sides in a European quarrel, and Join any Kbycott proclaimed by the League of Nations. Whether the British government will make a concession in line with a security guarantee acceptable to France is the big questbm of the moment, and one MacDonald's cabinet must soon decide.. Since the beginning of the conference France has been trying to Induce Great Britain to underwrite French security. Hitherto the British have refused to give France security guarantees, declaring against entangling military alliances. Rut both France and Great Britain .would like to commit the United States to an understanding by which this country would not be neutral in case of a European war, bnt would respect any blockade declared by the League of Nations. Now the American delegation holds out promise of such an approach to commitment of n character represented by a consultative pact on the condition Great Britain will give France an acceptable guarantee. Foreign Minister Briand of France has returned to the conference and is happy In seeing what he believes Is a surrender by Great Britain and the United States to the ('reach demand for a security pact. That France has reduced her army by 44 per cent since 1913 was claimed by Senator Albert Mahieu as the senate approved the 1930 army

budget. Expenditure, however, increased, owing to a boost in war material. This year France will begin Ev|ication of the one-year service actically ail conditions now befilled. One of these conditions is that a force of 106.000' permanently enlisted men. should be maintained. THE worst blizzard in the history of Chicago .the city under a record snowfall of 19-1 inches. - For two days surface line transportation was =pra< ; ticaliy abandoned and other inodes of travel were seriously handicapped. Ten deaths and millions of dollars loss were the tolUv>f the storm in Chicago and .its suburbs. RT. REV. James T>e Wolf Terry, bishop of Rhode Island, was electe<l primate of the Episcopal church at a session of the house of tc-hops-In Chicago. He succeeds the late Bishop Charles P. Anderson of Chicago. Bishop Perry ns primate or presiding bishop occupies' a position In the Tnited States comparable to thar of the archbishop of Canterbury in England. Bishop Terry is. a greatgreat nephew of Commodore • Oliver Hazard Terry, hero of the battle of Lake Erie in 151.2. PROPOSALS to pay World war vet- * . erahs a portion of the face value of their adjusted compensation certificates In cash received a death blowin a letter from Secretary Mellon to Representative iftnvley, chairman of the house ways and means committee. I nder a bill fathered by Representative Cochran the sG3.s.<**o.<>M» now held to.the credit of the adjusted compensation fund would be made available for the payment to certificate holders Os 25 per > rt>t of the face value of the certificates. . In his letter Secretary Mellon pointci but that the .Cochran proposal is based on the false a-sumption that sill of ti e reserve is immediately available. The fact Is that in order to finance the srclfeme it would be necessary to Increase taxes or authorize a bond issue for the purpose, lie W rote, thereby increasing the public debt with "a consequent disruption <>f the orderly program upon which the government is THE Department of Agriculture announces that a 2.S' per cent increase in the acreage ,of corn this year, a I.A per cent decrease in that of .durum wheat, and a l per cent increase in the acreage pf all other spring wheat, as compansi with last year's harvest acreages.were indicated by'farmers' intentions on March 1 to plant this spring. The report was bast'd on -returns "from abo'ut 50.0H0 farmers and was Im tended to furnish inf,urination which v.ould enable farmers to make sucli adjustments In their plans for this war s planthupt as /may seein desirable. . < THE Canadian house of commons, by a vote of 173" to 11, passed Trinie Minister King’s bill to ban liquor exports to the t'nited States. The galleries were tTowded for the final commons scene in connection with the bill. Senators, who will nowhave the bill tn. hand In the upper chamber, crowded their railed sanctum overlooking the commons floor, following the vote with keen interest. The 173 to 11 majority re<'onied for the bill is one of the larg<*st on commons' records, and the total vote of 184 out of a possible 244 votes indicates a remarkably large attendance of members. < • THE great North German Lloyd liner Europa broke the world's record on her maiden trip to the United States. She smashed the record held by her sister ship, the Bremen, by 1S minutes, and could easily have bettered the mark by several hours. The official time from Cherbourg breakwater to Ambrose' lightship was 4 days, 17 hours and 6 minutes. It took the Bremen 18 minutes longer. So the crown of the fastest liner in the world goes to. the Europa. i JLTIGH treasury officials express confidence that the 1 per cent income tax reduction granted by congress for the year 1929 can be continued this calendar year. Income tax collections for March have exceeded expectations thur far. and the financial outlook for the government for the remainder of the fiscal year 1930 at least is bright. Revenues from income taxes for the fiscal year that ends June 30 now total $1,785,282,857. or >134.000.000 more than was collected for the corresponding period last year. This collection has given the treasury books a paper surplus of $101,957/270, despite a falling off of customs receipts for the year of $20,000,000. 7- Treasury experts hold that with set-

tlement of the pending tariff bill the custom duty collections will expand. Federal actuaries believe the heaviest drain on the treasury will come from the federal farm board. Congress has Just appropriated an additional slo< 1.000,0(»0 for the board. How much the board will be forced to drawfrom the fund is dependent upon the agriculture situation. CHAIRMAN ALEXANDER LEGGE of the federal farm relief board has put himself emphatically on record as opposed to the development of any new irrigation and reclamation enterprises by the government. So long as the farm board is striving to reduce the acreage of wheat and other agricultural commodities the opening of new lands which would increase surpluses is "unwarrauteti and absolutely contrary to common sense." Mr. Legge, asserted. He added that he has had conversations with Interior department officials on the subject and that more active steps by the board may follow. "Certainly." the farm board chairman continued, "we will stand squarely aginst all bills In congress that would give us more farms and farmers at this time." THE national business survey conference has received reports from 27 lines of business for the four months following the stock market crash.' which-indicate that American business, in general, is firm and showing steady improvement. Although the reports “indicate both strong and weak spots" some of the ear.ly retarding factors, partly psychological, “appear to have been gradually overcome." according to Julius H. Barnes, chairman of the conference, who made public a summary of the reports. This view was borne out by the reports themselves, threefourths of. which were optimistic. "The reports indicate that the im-portatfee-laid upon construction as an influence in restoring Industrial balance has' not been oyer emphasized," Mr. Barnes asserted. “They show that for a revival of construction, in its manifold forms a first requirement is and reasonably priced credit." There is no cause whatever for alarjn Over the country's construction program, according to Mr. Barnes, as utilities of all kinds contemplate such expenditures thig year as to aggregate 83.250.000.000, as against $2,863(XH\OOO last year.' . RETORTS made to William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, show that unemploydecreased slightly in the first two vteeks of March for the first time since August. Reports from trade unions In 24 -cities for the first , half of the month indicated that 21 per cent of their memltership was unemployed, as compared" to 22 per cent in February. Based on these statistics. Mr. Green declared definitely that “the rise in unemployment has been checked." AWARDS of fellowships amounting to more than 52Q0.000, which will enable their recipients to carry on research and creative work on four continents, have been announced by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial foundation In New York. The recipients are S 3 scholars, novelists. poets., composers, sculptors, painters, and other creative workers resident in 23 states and Mexico. They were chosen from among more than. 700 applicants* SEI’ARATION of grades at highway Intersections as well as at railroad crossings will be one of the chief committee recommendations discussed at the__third national conference on street and highway safety to be held in Washington in May. Sending out invitations for the conference to state and city traffic authorities. Secretary of Commerce Robert I*. Lamont called attention to studies by the committee on protection of railway grade crossings and highway intersections which will bring in a report dealing with remedies for congestion at focal traffic points. The report will discuss both grade separations and traffic circles. PREMIER MUSSOLINI has announced drastic sweeping reforms in internal revenue in Italy, In which millions of lire In local produce taxes are involved. The intercommunal and interdepartmental customs barriers which existed in Italy since the Middle ages have been abolished. Hereafter municipalities will not have the right to levy taxes at the city gates on farmers coming in with produce. Intercity taxes on manufactured products are also abolished. This revenue went to local tax coffers, and under the decree of law a new system for levies of local taxation is provided. ■ <& Ul». Westers Newspaper Union.)

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

MnrW .. ROPY MILK OFTEN CAN BE AVOIDED Condition Due to Bacterial Contamination of Water. Frequently in the spring of the year thlre are outbreaks of ropy milk. This condition is due t< bacterial contamination coming principally from surface water and. in some cases, from feeds. It is entirely different from the ropy or stringy milk due to the diseased condition of the udder, according to Charles N. Shepardson, 'associate professor of animal husbandry, Colorado Agricultural college. In the latter case the ropiness is apparent in the milk when it is dkawn; in the case of bacterial contamination the ropy condition develops from 12 to 24 hours after milking. The remedy for this trouble is entirely a matter of sanitary precautions. The cow should be thoroughly cleaned to avoid manure or other dirt particles falling into the milk. The utensils should be thoroughly sterilized also. While the cow is generally recognized as one source of this trouble, it is frequently overlooked that unclean Utensils niay also be a cause. The utensils frequently become a source of contamination due to 'improper washing or to the use of contaminated water. To overcome this they should all be thoroughly sterilized, either by the use of a chlorine solution or by steaming. ■ __ Steaming is generally the most efficient method, although this is rather difficult on many farms due to the lack of facilities. For efficient sterilization utensils should be steamed for five minutes at’2oo degrees Fahrenheit. The organism causing the trouble, however, will be killed at a somewhat lower temperature in most cases. Sterilization may be secured by scalding the utensils in boiling water where steaming facilities are not available. This practice is not recommended because frequently the water Is only lukewarm after it has been turned over all of the utensils. Such water has but little value for sterilization. Jn order to secure sterilization by scalding the utensils should be placed in a container full of boiling water which Is left over the fire during the time it is being used. Cow Test Association Shows Up Money Makers Do your cows make you a profit above the cost of their feed, that is, a reasonable return for your labor? The cow testing associations are answering this question for many dairymen. The yearly record of the association is tiie real standard of a cow's production, for it shows what she will do under average conditions for the average farmer. The expense of belonging to an association is more than made up by discovering the cows thaf are mot paying-a profit. By careful selection and weeding out the poor ones, the average herd production In some cow testing associations has been raised to more than 9,000 pounds per cow a year. Many of the cows in these associations lire making a profit above feed cost of $l5O to $350 a year. If you have any surplus stock to. dispose of and can show by the cow-testing record .that a cow has made, let us say. 1,000 pounds of milk, 350 pounds of fat and a profit above feed cost of SIBO, it will- be no trouble to sell such a cow at a good price. It might easily pay the cost of membership, Dairy Hints I’lenty of legume hay and silage and the proper amount of a good grain mixture should be the aim of every dairy farmer during the winter months. ' • • • Legume hay is a good foundation for the bull's winter ration. It is high in mineral and vitamlnes, and is valuable for , keeping heavily used bulls in condition. • • • Holsteins and Ayrshires producing large amounts of milk that is lower in fat should have one pound of grain for four or five pounds of milk produced per day. • • • Alfalfa hay is the most desirable dairy feed from the standpoint of yield per acre and feeding value per ton. The average cow will consume about two tons of hay per year when not fed silage. • •- • In planning the dairy fed the roughage should govern the kind of grain and the proportions of the different grains. • • • Corn, alfalfa, sweet clover, or soy bean silage Imparts an abnormal flavor to milk when fed to dairy cows before milking. In order to obtain the benefit of silage in the dairy ration and at the same time avoid loss due to the production of silage-flavored milk, feed all silage immediately after milking. • • • Do not turn cows out to pasture too soon, say Early pasture grass is very watery and is of low food value. Another reason for delaying Is that pasture yields for the season will be much greater If'the grass Is permitted to get a good start • • • Bacteria causes milk to sour. They can be controlled by thoroughly sterilizing milk utensils, removing loose dirt from the cow's udder with a clean, damp cloth before milking, and cooling the milk as quickly as possible to 500 F. or lesai

Small Economical House Has All Qualities That Make a Home IY< lUFTTIWmW '■ IT Hl S' JB ..'X.. T. .wOMlmOlillW , j UIKffWWHMiyT , ' • This is the sort of house which makes one fee’ instantly at home, for it possesses ail those friendly qualities that we associate with that word which means so much in our lives.

By W. A. RADFORD ( Mr. William A. Radford will answer questions and give advice FREE OF COST on all subjects pertaining to practical home building, for the- readers of this paper. On account <>f his wide experience as editor, author and manufacturer, he is. without ddubt the highest authority on. all these subjects. Address all inquiries to William A. Radford, No. 4U7 South L>earborn Street. Chicago, 111., and only inclose two-cent stamp- for reply. Anyone who is considering building a home or purchasing one cannot help' but admire the small house shown in the accompanying illustration. This is the sort of a house which makes one feel instantly at home, for it possesses all of those friendly qualities that we L :— 26'0' J Il I iO/xrtCHW' oX- ctxrm« cm. J o 3U U- LIVING KM I ZS'O’X'Z'O* ■ ' TORCH u u First Floor Plan. associate with the word which means so niuch in our lives. It has a wide, attractive, inviting front porch, its roof line's, are graceful and when surrounded by flowers, shrubs and lawn it makes a place that anyone will be proud to. call his home. This house is only,26.feet wide and

Concrete Is Ideal for the Home Garage Concrete masonry is an adaptable and attractive building material for the walls of the garage. There is scarcely a community that is not within easy hauling or trucking distance of a plant where concrete block' or concrete . building tile are produced. These units laid in portland cement mortar produce the most .durable and fire-resistive' kind of wall. Because of the sealed- air spaces in concrete masonry walls. Structures built of this material do not .conduct results of changes in outside temperatures and in the same way prevent loss of such heat as may be supplied to the interior. Heating should preferably be done by extending hot water or steam pipes from the residence heating plant, although satisfactory garage heaters are available. Garage interiors should be lighted. Windows should be large and well distributed—placed low in the wall to- admit light near the floor rather than at too high an elevation. Electric light furnishes the safest and most convenient artificial Illumination. Complete fire protection demands that tiie roof be of nonburning con struction. Re-enforced concrete is ideal in this respect. However, reasonably firesafe construction can be obtained with a frame roof covered with cement asbestos shingle or con; Crete roofing tile, using cement plaster on metal lath for the ceiling. Over the door of the garage, the roof should project at least two feet for protection in bad weather. Where approach must be made from the street, the garage is Dot complete until a “year round" concrete drive has been provided.

Plaster Covers 80 Pct. Interior of Residence Approximately 80 per - cent of the visible Interior of a house consists of plastered surfaces. In some respects It Is reasonable to say plastering Is at least four times as important as any other item of Interior decoration. Pleasing appearance Is the final consideration. Good construction, while of highest importance. Is only the enduring background for the beauty which makes a house a home. One plastering material has stood this test for thousands of years. Lime plasterings were used, according to historical records. In all the ancient civilizations—in Europe. Asia. Peru. Mexico. Greece and Rome. Each of these searched their dominions for limestone from which smooth and pure lime mortar could be made. The cost of plastering is a large enough item to deserve careful attention whether fancy work or plain surfacing is done. If the work is done correctly, beauty and economy will be accomplished; on the other hand, if the job is a slipshod one, cost will

2S feewdeep, yet it contains six rooms and b\tb. It has a living room which extends the entire width of the house at the front: a dining room 11 feet by 14 feet 6 inches which is connected with tiie living room by a double cased opening kitchen 9 feet by 14 feet 6 inches. The entrance Moor leads M exo. \ .J, □ /JL J »Zs*O*-A“ O'* K- / —J Mg ' _—J I - -J ’ JBEDFML, BED KM., 3 | 9'o“xie'o*| . i-a‘o*x iS'fe' j j| ‘ | Rood J .1 I L +___ : Second Floor Plan. into one end of tiie living room and at tiiis same end is an open stair leading to the second floor. The stairs end in a square hall off which opens the three bedrooms and the bathroom. This house might be termed a dutch colonial as it has a wide dormer in the second floor which indicates the dutch colonial. The multiplicity qf windows both at the front, at the back and at both'ends of the home give it plenty'of light and ventilation. It is of frame construction With wide clapboard "siding and is set on a concrete foundation which makes a basement of the same dimensions as the house Brick pillars 'on which are set columns which' hold the porch roof, and the brick outside fireplace are featureswhich add to tiie attractiveness of the exterior of this home.

Several types of drives have been developed. Where subjected to hard service,, of use bv several cars, pavements covering tiie entire drive area give the best satisfaction. Narrow,’ parallel, strins often provide satisfacr tory approach where the garage is subject to only occasional use. The disadvantage of strip pavement arises from tiie possibility of running off occasionally and cutting tip tiie lawn unless the runways are built with curbs on the outer edges to provide a guide for the wheels. Slab thickness of six inches is recommended for drives in order to take care of coal and delivery traffic. Concrete mixture consisting ofl one/part port land cement to two parts fine aggregate (sand) and three parts coarse aggregate (pebbles or crushed rock), is generally preferred. The surface should l>.e finished with a wood float In order to provide nonslippery bearing. After the concrete has hardened sufficiently so that the surface will not be easily marred, it must be protected from drying by covering with damp earth, sand, straw or some other material, which must be kept moist for a week, sprinkling as often as necessary. Use Clinker Brick Ten years ago the clinker brjck, so called because it frequently come out of the kila with the used' appearance of a real furnace clinker, was a total loss to the manufacturer and usually was chucked into the rubbish heap or the dump. Today clinker brick are used in the construction of the most attractive brick houses and sell at a higher price than the run of , kiln firick. The percentage in any kiln is small.

amount up in repairs. Hence, economy, beauty and comfort depends upon tiie kind of work the plastering contractor does. ' Consider Nothing But Best of Construction The less expensive the lot the more money is left for the house itself, and a well-constructed home on a cheap lot is far more desirable than.an unsatisfactory one on an expensive lot, A cheap house in an expensive location often adds nothing to the sale value of the lot. The buyer must consider many things before he buys a lot or builds a house thereon. It is the opinion of contractors that it always pays to put up a well-built house og any kind of lot. Random Ashlar In random ashlar construction the pieces of stone are “laid up" just as brick is laid up in the wall. No precise plan is followed but simply a rough "joining scheme" indicates when a large piece and when a small piece shall be used.

IM CLEANER RANGES VERY ESSENTIAL System of Rotation Advocated by One Specialist. The difficulty of raising young stock free from intestinal parasites year after year on tiie same range has become so great that t many poultry men | are finding it necessary to abandon tiie old ranges and provide new. clean ones, reports J. C. Taylor, associate i poultry specialist at the New Jersey l State College of Agriculture, Rutgers university. ‘ Mr. Taylor defines a clean range as fin area of ground on which no chickens were raised last year and oft which no poultry manure lias been scattered for tiie last two years. Where such a range is not available, lie advises a system of rotation so that clean ranges will be available in the future. In the rotating system one range is used for the chicks one year while the others are cultivated and cropped. A two-year rotation is good but a threeyear rotation is much better. In this, three areas are available, thus making it possible to keep the chicks away from each range for a period of two years. Corn, clover, and chicks make a desirable rotating arrangement. By providing a clean range the mortality from coccidiosis and intestinal worms is greatly reduced, extensive ; experiments have shovyn. Grades for Chickens on Chicago Poultry Board I. Poultrymen who sell live birds on i tiie Chicago market will be interested J in the grades as provided on that market by the Chicago poultry board. |! Live poultry is graded as prime or No. 1; medium or No. 2; and canners or No. 3, each grade being defined as' follows: No. J poultry, or prime, shall consist of vigorous, fleshy, healthy birds, free from tumors, downers, T. 8., gaps, swollen heads or eyes, bruised legs or wings, hunchbacks, heavy indented or I crooked breast bone. No. 2 poultry or medium, shall he ! vigorous, healthy and free from tumors, downers, T. 8., gaps, swollen heads and eyes and culls, but tfifty consist of indented and crooked breast bone, hunchbacks, bruised wings and legs, also scrubby (hens and all liens urfiler 2’/i pounds; No. 3 poultry 'shall be sueit as will not qualify as No. 1 or No,, 2. excepting diseased birds not tit for human food. Feeding Young Chicks After the First Mojjth Most people .feed their chicks well for' the first month when tiie little chicks need careful attention in the brooder or with hens, but after they get older and do not need, to be watched closely, many lose interest in or at least allow the chicks to rustle for themselves. This common, mistake. Is hard to overcome for it is natural for one to become more careless with tiie chicks after they have a good start in life. Chicks are not so apt to die as before, but they are still apt to become runts and therefore unprofitable. CiiickS should have access to a well balanced ration throughout their life. Pullets that are matured are tiie ones tliat lay during the fall and winter when eggs are high in price. It takes proper rations, plus early hatched chicks, to raise this type of pullets. , Poultry Hints Kill all weak and undersized chicks at tiie start. • • • When goose eggs are to be kept a while they should not be yvaslied. • • • Depth and width of body are characteristic of good breeding stock. , • • • Oyster shell, sunshine and green feed are all necessary for high hatchability. ♦ • ♦ Give baby water from the start bat do not let them get their bodies in it or trample in it. Good breeding stock is the fouridatlon pf success. Tiie combination of heavy egg production and beauty is the ideal toward which we should strive. • • • Remember that your success in producing hatchable eggs depends on the vigor and vitality of the breeding stock, complete rations containing vitamlnes and minerals, and tiie proper care of eggs before setting. • • • ■ Green feed, dandelions, young clover or alfalfa or even lawn clippings should be provided after tiie ducks are a week old. As in the case of insufficient titamine D, the egg shells become much thinner, which increases tiie chances of loss by breaking. • • • Select your breeding pen or pens from among your high producers, preferably from hens only, tluis securing longevity (continued high production), as well as stamina. » • • The geese will set. but usually do not do as well as chicken hens, besides, If not broken up when, broody they will lay no more eggs. • • • Although there are several vltamines necessary for poultry, vitamine D is the one which is most likely to be absent from the ration. Vitamins D is present in cod liver oil and the utra-vlolet rays of the sunshine. This vitamine Is responsible for strength of bone and for thickness of egg shell It Is also directly responsible for high batchability.