The Syracuse Journal, Volume 22, Number 21, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 19 September 1929 — Page 2

Square Type Six-Room House Gives Owner Most for Money ' I/** JiL-s. With shrubbery and Howers set at its base this square home is a beauty. It is 24 feet wide and 24 feet deep and has a living room extending the full width of the house. The house contains six r6oms but all of them are large and comfortable.

By W. A. RADFORD Mr William A. Radford will answer questions and give advice FREE OF COST on all subjects pertaining to practical home building, for the readers of this paper. On account of his wide experience as editor, author and manufacturer, he is, without doubt, the highest authority on all these subjects Address all In juiries to William A. Radford,, No. 407 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111., and only inclose two-cent stamp for reply. Prospective home builders who are seeking to get the most for their money are wise if they select "a square or rectangular building design because “corners cost,” as some one has aptly expressed it. When a design is used which haS straight foundation walls, there is a minimum of materials and labor. Reproduced herd is a design for a very attractive square, hip-roof house. • ||| | r \BmY „ I Kitchen. DiningPoomA r *’* ,,cr L iro’XH’e* v I —J _ FTWz b i Kz »i 8 ■ 7'6'X»£‘O" f 11 6 X 23 0 vr i k -Z4'O-_J y *r 1 First Floor Plan. Tnis home is 24 feet square, exclusive of the porch and sun room. It is of frame construction with clapboard siding and its plainness is tak-

Ancient Formula Used by Our Modern Painter We moderns often find ourselves feeling a bit superior towards the poor mortals wlio eked out an ex istence back in the Middle or Dark ages, but occasionally we find that some things have not changed so much after all. In ancient times was the practice of artists to paint their pictures on panels of wood instead of canvas. This necessitated careful preparation of the surface to secure perfect smoothness and protection from atmospheric conditions. It is interesting to note that the following procedure recommended by Eraclius in his “First Metrical Book” believed to have been written in the Tenth century, does not differ greatly from the modern method of preparing wood panels for decoration. “First make the wood very smooth, by scraping and rubbing it down with shave grass. If you cannot shave down the inequalities in this way. and do not wish to cover it with leather or with cloth, grind dry whitelead upon a stone, but not so finely as if you were going to paint with it; then, melt wax over the fire in a vase, add tiles finely ground, then mix it with the white-lead you have ground, Stirring it frequently with a stick, and so let it cool; then heat an iron, and with it melt the wax into the little fissures until they are .level, and then, scrape the rough parts with a knife. When you have made it smooth mix plenty of white-lead, very finely ground, with linseed oil, and lay on an excessively thin coat of it wherever you intend to paint with a brush, made of asshair, adapted for that purpose. When this is done lay on, as you did before, another and thicker coat of it—not thicker by having a greater quantity of color but by having less oil in it; for you must take care never to lay on the color too fatt for if you do this, and lay on a great deal of it. when it begins to dry wrinkles will form on the surface of it.” The modern painter, while he uses sandpaper instead of having shave grass and also white-lead putty instead of the mixture recommended by Eraclius, still mixes his paint with “white-lead very finely ground

Kitchen Planning Saves —-- — Many Needless Steps Some kitchens are so large there is space for everything, but one has to tiiiveLar long distance to bring together xfesired working utensils. Other kitchens are so small and one piece Was to fit so skillfully into another that one is always unpiling to get the jutensil needed. In the small home this cannot always be avoided. By planning the eupboard spaces and making a survey of our kitchen goods much can be done, however, to make even a small titchen cupbofird convenient. We may not wish ter compete with factory products now do we wish to work at top speed, iut we can adapt ideas from their convenient arrangement of tools ih relation to the work to be done. Small Roof Leak Often Is Baffling to Experts A leak, once started, will often baffle the best of repair men. It keeps getting worse. By and by a large area

en away by the porch and the dormer in the hip roof'.'' The house contains six rooms besides the sun room. Downstairs there are living room, dining room and kitchen and upstairs are three good sized bedrooms and a bath room. In addition there is a basement the same size as the house. The entry leads Into the center of the living mom, which is 23 feet long and 11 feet G inches wide. The living room is. connected with the sun room by french doors. The sun room is 7 /cto.fj || Bedroom I— <bairL 10'0-WO- I J q[ \\ r '77] . Biota 7J*"*"" / BEDta / | I \ 9*o"* HO“ / L-, I----I Koop Second Floor Plan. feet 6 inches by 12 feet. A cased opening between the living room and dining room provides a nook into which is set the fireplace. An open stairway runs out of the opposite end of the living room to a central hall on the second floor. The three bedrooms and the'bathroom are corner rooms, which gives plenty of light and ventilation. Equipped with awnings as shown in the exterior view of the house and with plantings about, this makes a most attractive home for town or country. It is economical to build and will provide the average family with a comfortable home.

with linseed oil.” However, the modern painter has found Aiat after the sandpapering has been done a priming coat should be applied before puttying and the second and third coats then applied. This has been found to be the best method of filling and puttying. Automobile Influences Modern Home Designs Discussing the present day designs of homes, Joseph Holtzman, Detroit builder, contended they had been influenced, as regard their beauty, by the automobile, just as “in olden days when the ‘coach and six’ were our best transportation means our houses reflected the designs of the ‘coach and six.’ ” “Our architecture today is typical of our age and day. but it is the beginning of an era denoting the creation of the typical American home,” he continued. “Aviation, which is our next step in transportation, will not materially change the designs. The airplane is a very graceful thing. It has the ‘lines’ of the bird, slender, well fashioned, poise; a perfect design. The coming of aviation will not affect our new architecture, except to better it if anything." Wire Porch for Lamps; Enjoy It to Utmost A screened sun porch will give the home owner about 50 per cent more service if it is wired for electricity. Several convenient outlets for the attachment of reading lamps will make this division of the house an attractive spot for the entire family to spend the warm evenings of summer and fall. The screening gives adequate protection from the insects and cuts off only a small amount of air. Plate Gllss Available for Small Residence Plate glass is now being manufactured in sheets one-eighth of an inch thick. It has the advantage of the ordinary type of window glass in that there is no distortion of vision because of imperfections or uneven surfaces. The price of the new plate glass compares favorably with the old type,

has to be stripped and reshingled to prevent the leakage that in itself may not cover one square foot. Stopping one leak counts for little, as new ones start operations without warning. Cheap shingles are expensive in the long run. Kitchen Outlets Thousands of homes have been built with kitchen convenience outlets placed close to the floor so that whenever the housewife needed an appliance, whether a toaster, an iron, or something else, she was forced to stoop down to a most inconvenient spot to make the connection. Now these outlets are placed four feet from the floor where the connection is most readily made. Make Basement Dry Two coats ot good cement paint are usually enough to transform the dingiest of basements into a cheery, pleasant place. If your basement has the “damp” habit, see that it snaps out of it.

Plant Lice Have Odd Life Cycle Little Insects Often Do Serito Differ1 (Prepared by the United States Department of Aphids, or plant lice, which often do serious injury to the plants they infest, have a curious life history, which Dr. P. W. Mason of the bureau | of entomology describes in the 1928 j Yearbook of the United States De-' partment of Agriculture, issued re- 1 ceqijy. “If we examine a branch of a tree or other plant which is infested,” says Doctor Mason, “we will see the aphids, in most species grouped together; in colonies, usually either on the un- j der side of a leaf or along a twig, ■ They may be greenish, brownish, black, or of other color, depending on the species, or even covered with a mealy nowder or long waxlike filaments. Unusual Life History. “These insects have a very unusual life history; one differing from those of almost all other insects. The egg is laid in the fall of the year, usually on the bark of the twig. With the coming of warm weather in the spring this egg hatches into what is known as the stem mother. There ) are no males until the next fall. The I stem mother gives birth to living young, without the necessity of fertilization. These young are all- fe I males, and, when mature, give birth to other living young. This continues throughout the summer, there being numerous generations. In each generation there are usually some which are winged and others which are wingless, each form being fully mature; As the spring advances the number of winged forms increases, until, in the case of many species, they fly away to an entirely different kind of plant. Plants so chosen are known as summer hosts; on them new colonies are started, and there may be several generations on them before the return migration to the winter host. On the latter the true sexes which have been produced mate and the eggs are laid. Forms of Aphids. “Thus we see that there are several forms of aphids, such as the stem mother, the wingless ’ viviparous female, the winged viviparous female, the male, and the egg-laying female. These may vary considerably from each other in appearance and have often been described as distinct species.” Conservation of Labor in Filling Silo Profitable As silo-filling time draws near, many farmers in all parts of the country are preparing to follow a plan which differs greatly from silo filling in the days of the steam-pow-ered rig and the large crew. It is the small crew plan now growing in pop ulsrity. The small crew plan is essentially labor saving. Only two men are necessary to fill. When the binder is equipped with a bundle elevator, two loads may be cut and put on the racks without the hard labor of pitching the bundles by hand. The loads are then drawn to the silo and run through the cutter as it takes only a minute to start the tractor which furnishes the belt power, or to turn the switch which starts an electric motor. Experiments at some of our state colleges and practical experience have proved that tramping is not necessary for keeping the silage and in many cases this job has been eliminated. Neither is it necessary to have a man at the feed table of the modern ensilage cutter. Agricultural Notes Alfalfa is profitable! Limestone is worth as high as S4O per ton when applied to soils in many sections. Pasturing sweet clover in the fall cuts down- the storage of the plant food in the roots. ♦ ♦ • Wool should never be tied with ; binder or sisal twine or wire. Use four-ply paper twine. • I , Not only is the hay crop one of the most valuable from the money standpoint but present day feeding methods have also made it one of the most necessary to the live stock producer. « * • The Hessian fly is widespread over the wheat belt this summer. Every farmer should know that the pest may come back in sufficient numbers to do great damage to the fall sown wheat. Plow under all infested stubble, being sure all tops are covered. Store credit is usually the most expensive type of credit that can be used. Operating funds secured in this'” way usually cost about twice as much in interest as 5 funds borrowed Trom banks. ■ ♦ « • Destroy grasshoppers by poison baits. To make the so-called Kansas bait, use 20 pounds of bran, one pound of paris green, three oranges or lemons, two quarts of molasses, and about , three and a half gallons of water. *• • - An apple orchard which is merely being left in sod and not mulched will, as a rule, suffer greatly in drouthy times, the apples will be small and the crops sparse and irregular. • • * A fine, White crystalline chemical, resembling coarse sugar, paradichlorobenzene, when put around the base of a tree slowly gives off a gas heavier than air. Thia gas is fatal ta peach tree

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

DAIRY FACTS DRY COW FEEDING IS BIG PROBLEM Condition of Individual Animal Governs Ration. Rations and feeding practices suitable for dry eows depend somewhat on the condition of such cows at the close of their lactation periods. In the process of selection and breeding, a great many cows are so- persistent in producing large quantities of milk that it is practically impossible to keep them in good flesh during the entire lactation period. This means that they are in poor condition at the close of the lactation period. Practical dairymen are agreed that such cows must have form six to eight weeks of rest following each lactation if they are to produce large quantities of milk year after year. The feeding of such cows during the dry period should be such as to enable them to regain the losses sustained in the previous lactation and before the onset of the demands of the succeeding lactation. The same principle of management Is recommended for cows not capable of producing as much but in less degree, says Hoard’s Dairyman. No special ration is needed for dry 'ows. As in making rations for cows tn milk, the roughage to be fed is the basis on which to compound grain mixtures. Tlte condition of the individual cows governs the amount of grain to be fed. The needs of dry eows on good pasture are very easily met by a simple mixture composed of 300 pounds ground corn or ground barley or hominy feed. 300 pounds ground oats, 200 pounds bran, and 100 pounds linseed meal or cottonseed meal, or a mixed feed containing 30 per cent of digestible protein. In winter feeding with silage and ilfalfa hay available the addition of 50 pounds of the high protein feed to the mixture given is satisfactory. For silage and other legume hay add 100 pounds more of one of the high protein feeds. Silage and mixed hay should have the protein content of the grain mixture still further Increased by the addition of 75 pounds high protein feed to the amount given for and legume hay, the total imount being 275 pounds. Replace broken Windows Before Blustery Season Before the blustery weathei and fall rains set in all broken windows in the cow stable should be replaced. A little time and a trifling outlay for glass and putty may be the means of preventing an outbreak of garget In the herd during the winter. Inflammation in the udder is often eaused by exposure to drafts. This may develop and encourage garget, a contagious disease which, if not checked, may spread to other members of the herd, cutting milk production sharply. It may also cause the loss of quarters of udders which become badly infected. Two or three years ago I visited a herd where a splendid cow was suffering from garget. Her stall was located near a window and a few days before she freshened one of the window panes had been broken. A cold east wind blew in on the cow all night witli the result that a little swelling developed in the udder and some thick milk came from two quarters a few days later. Garget set in and after some time one quarter ceased to yield any milk and the other was‘not normal. The next time this cow freshened she was sold for beef. This was an exorbitant price to pay tor less than one square foot of glass. Silo for One Cow Plan Now in Vogue in Japan What would our American farmers think of equipping their farms so that each cow would have her own silo? In Japan, they don’t quite do this, but many farmers keeping one or two cows have a silo. The department of agriculture of Japan, reported in 1925, 4,381 silos of less than five tons each. Now a cow needs about four tons of silage per year so these less-than-five-ton silos could be classified as Individual silos, or one cow silos. Another thing of interest concerning the silos of Japan is the fact that the vines of sweet potatoes come next to corn in material used for filling. All kinds of green, succulent forage and material grown on the farm are cut up and put into the silo where it Is preserved and fed out during the winter season. Silos are making rapid progress In Japan according to the report, and are being widely used by the stock keepers. Soy Beans and Com Soy beans alone do not make a satisfactory stage. It is best to combine them with corn in the proportion of two or three to one; that is, two or three loads of corn to one of soy beans. It is also best to mix the two as they are blown into the silo, rather than to put in a layer of beans and then a layer of corn. Mixing in this way you should be able to get a satisfactory silage. Soy beans intended for silage should be cut before the beans in the pods harden. Cause of Flavors Such feed flavors as turnips, silage, beets, and cabbage are due to having fed the same just prior to milking time. To overcome this difficulty, feed silage and roughage following the milking period. Weeds such as ragweed, onions and garlic, should be eliminated from the pasture, or the cows removed from such pasture. Pasteurization aids in the removal of all feed flavors in that the heat ap-, plied drives off volatile flavors and odors. " ~~ i

MH DAMP FLOORS ARE , MENACE TO FOWLS Owners Who Tolerate Them Are Inviting Big Losses. Damp floors in poultry houses are inexcusable, in the opinion of E. R. Gross, agricultural engineer at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment station. Poultrymen who tolerate them are inviting heavy losses in their -flocks and a general reduction in the efficiency of the birds that survive. A dry wooden floor may be made of two layers of hoards with building paper between, the top layer to be a good grade of matched flooring, so that it may be kept clean. Many poultrymen find it desirable to keep the floor 12 to 18 inches above the ground and to leave the south foundation wall open for air circulation. The other sides should be closed tight to keep out cold winds. For a dry concrete floor, either of two methods may be used. The first is as follows; Build the foundation walls; level the ground inside, do not remove any soil ; fill in with 6 to 8 inches of coarse sand, gravel, or cinders; and place 3»/2 to 4 inches of concrete floor on top. In this construction. be sure the foundations are high enough for the fill of cinders and the floor. This raised floor with insulating fill will be dry. The other method is to lay a twocourse concrete floor with a layer of roofing paper between. Sometimes the floor itself is not the cause of-dampness. Then the remedy must be sought in a study of the care of the house ventilation, litter, or sunlight admitted. Highly Concentrated Foods Hurt Turkeys The turkey has a rather large digestive system and long intestines, accompanied by an ever-present appetite, so that if birds are compelled to satisfy this appetite on highly concentrated foods, indigestion is almost certain to result. If this is not immediately relieved death will follow, and usually salts or, better still, castor oil will effect a cure. Plenty of green food is essential to young turkeys, such as alfalfa . (if quite tender), clover, lettuce, chopped onion tops and dandelion leaves. All green food supplied to turkeys should be cut a little way up from the ground to avoid black-head contamination that may chance to lurk in the soil. Fertile Eggs Reason for Paltry Returns Nature intends the egg to hatch a chick. To get the best food results from eggs we have to defeat nature’s purpose by producing infertile eggs. A fertile egg is just as good as an infertile one if it is used at once? but it won’t hold up under summer market conditions. Sell or confine the roosters as soon as the breeding season is over. The hens will lay just as well without the male in the flock. Using early hatched cockerels is a good breeding practice on the farms. Selling them as soon as your hatching season is over saves a feed bill of from 90 cents to $1.50 each. If you have particularly valuable males, confine them. Difficult to Decide Sex of Young Poults It is difficult to be absolutely sure of the sex of young turkey poults. The males will usually “shoot the red” and show development of the fleshy growth on the head a little sooner than the females, and they are also likely to grow more rapidly than the females. With the Bronze variety of turkeys the sex can also be detected by the plumage color as soon as they are well feathered. The breast of the females show the characteristic white tips to the breast feathers, while the males will show dark tips. Changing Breeds Several years ago it was common advice to avoid changing breeds of poultry. That was before the days of the large hatchery when poultry men . established a flock with a few settings of eggs, possibly bought at a high price, and then spent several years in developing their own flocks. A change meant starting all over In many cases birds of.both breeds would be retained and soon a pure-bred flock became a flock of crosses followed by a flock of mongrels. Birds Not Wanted Most poultry keepers realize that there are two courses open to them in regard to unwanted males. One plan Is to destroy them as soon as they can be distinguished; and the other is to feed them well right from the first day and so bring them to a fleshy condition. The latter practice is sound so far as the early cockerels are concerned, but very few poultry keepers approve of it for later broods. Some poultrymen do not hesitate to can all surplus fowls. Poultry Meat Breeds On many farms ducks, geese and turkeys are the source of considerable income. Ducks are the meat birds of poultry. They are hardy and with the exception of picking are easy to handle. A duck, if well cared for, weighs five pounds at the end of ten weeks. It takes a chicken twice as long to grow to this'size. Ducks are good egg producers. The eggs are larger than hens’ eggs. The Pekin and Runner are popular breeds, the former weighing around ten pounds when matured.

OTAKD AUTUMN WORK IN FRUIT ORCHARD Most Important Job Is Protection Against Rodents. , Dealing with autumn work in the fruit plantation, M. B. Davis, Central experimental farm, Ottawa, Ont., says: Therq are a few items of ordinary routine which need to be attended to each autumn by the fruit grower, and occasionally one or more get overlooked in the hustle of harvest operations, with consequent ill results the following year. One of the most important of these is the protection of young trees against the ravages of mice. As mice may be expected In greater or less numbers every winter, young trees should be regularly protected against them. Mice usually begin working on the ground under th'e snow, and when they come to a tree they begin to gnaw it if it is not protected. A small mound of soil from 8 to 12 inches in height raised about the base of the tree will often prevent their injuring it, and even snow tramped around the tree has been quite effective, but the cheapest and surest practice is to wrap the tree with ordinary building paper, the price of which is merely nominal. Tar paper is also effective, but trees have been injured by using it, and it is well to guard against this when building paper will do as well. After the paper is wrapped around the tree and tied, a little earth should be put about the end to prevent the mice from beginning to work there, for if they get a start the paper will not stand in their way. In the strawberry plantation, do not forget the straw mulch. This covering of old coarse hay, rushes, or straw, should be put on just after freeze-up. Place it over the rows to a depth of about two inches. If the plantation lies on the flat it is advisable to run a shallow furrow between each pair of rows to take care of surplus water in the late fall and early spring. Ice over the plants is a great menace to strawberries, and these furrows assist very materially in reducing that risk. While the majority of growers in the East do not need to*protect their raspberry plantations, there are some localities where a winter injury Is experienced. In such eases bending the canes down and placing a few shovels of earth on the tips to keep them in a recumbent position is sufficient. This permit the snow to cover the canes and bring them through safely. Where the snowfall is light or variable it may be necessary to completely cover the canes with several inches of soil. This is frequently done in the prairies, and should be done just before freezing-up sets in. Better to Store Fruit Under Proper Shelter It Is better to store fruit under some shelter rather than directly in the sun as some growers do. The same thing applies to the packed fruit. It should be kept as cool as possible and should never be piled in the open where it will be exposed to the sun. After packing, fruit should be ruslied as quickly as possible to the refrigerator car or cold storage. If delay is necessary a cellar, aboveground common storage, or a shed should be used. The results of experimental work show, that apples soften more in a week, at outside fall temperatures than in several months in cold storage. Red or pink raspberries propagate from suckers. • • • Washing often improves the appearance of apples, preliminary studies indicate. * * * Fire blight in pears can be controlled by cutting off the affected' limbs as soon as they show up. • • » The degree of predisposition to canker infection resulting from early or slight aphis attacks is not en'tirely known. • • * If you find in your fruit small, slender, whitish maggots thicker at the rear than in front, probably they are the maggots of the Mediterranean fruit fly. •♦ * - On average soil and on light soil, an apple orchard will produce larger crops of larger apples if the soil is kept cultivated. On heavy soil, the sod mulch system works very well. • • • Wire protectors will be very necessary this winter if the rabbits keep as active as they have started out to be. * • • \ . Trees that have been badly injured should be bridge-grafted at once and,, the wound waxed with paraffin. • * • Watch for them, either the walnut or tent species. If the trees are small pick them off; if fair size, take a cloth soaked in gasoline on the end of a pole and ru4» the nest well. • • * There are only a half dozen sections of the country in which the dewberry is raised, principally California, Texas, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, and North Carolina. 0• ♦ ♦ Crown gall is a very common and widely distributed disease occurring on a large number of both wild and cultivated plants such as apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, cherry, almond, English walnut, chestnut, poplar, , grape, blackberry, raspberry, beet, rose, tomatoes and other vegetables, etd.

1 Give B Better M Champion’s exclusive sillimanite insulator is practically impervious to carbon and oily deposits. Special analysis electrodes resist pitting and burning to the utmost. That is why Champions excel in service. Champion # SPARK PLUGS TOLEDO, OHIO Kill Rats ■ Without Poison A Klew Exterminator that *Von*f Kill Livestock t Poultry f Dogs, Cats, or even Baby Chicks K-R-O can be used about t he home.bam or poultry yard with absolute safety as it contains no deadly poiaeiio K-R-O is made of Squill, as recommended by U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, under the Connable process which insures maximum strength. Two cans killed 578 rats at Arkansas State Farm. Hundreds of other testimonials. Sold on a Money-Baek Guarantee. Insist r t K-R-O, the original Squill exterminator. -.11 druggists, 75c. Largesize (four times as much) $2.00, Direct if dealer cannot supply you. K-R-O Co., Springfield. O. K-R-O KILLS-RATS-ONLY Seamen’s Phrase That Might Puzzle Landsmen “Yes, 1 like the Bowdoin. She sleeps eleven,” said Commander MacMillan to a' reporter who greeted him when the ship docked. “She sleeps eleven?” the reporter questioned. “Yes.” the commander answered. “‘She.sleeps is a term used by sailor men and obviously means the limit of the ship’s accommodatiojns. I was walking through a cemetery in Provincetown, Mass., not very long ago when 1 saw two old sea captains admiring the tombstone of a prominent ex-resident. “’That’s quite a tombstone. I remarked to one of them. “ ‘lt is,’ he answered, ‘a wonderful tombstone. She sleeps six.’ ” No ugly, grimy streaks on the clothes when Russ Bleaching Blue is « used. Good bluing gets good results. All grocers carry it.—Adv. Has French Courts Guessing Puzzling the courts in France is an oQd situation where a man is accused of hoaxing experts public by burying so-called prehistoric relics in a field. Nothing in the code provides for the fraud so it is probable the hoaxer will be arraigned under a charge of “outrage to the police.” as they were guarding the field where the finds were discovered for some weeks. Brought Home a Relic “Did you see any of the ruins while you were in Rome?” “S—h—h! Not so loud! Look! I married one of ’em.” yihenFbod Sours Lots of folks who think they have “indigestion” have only an acid condition which could be corrected in five or ten minutes. An effective like Phillips Milk of Magnesia soon restores digestion to normal. j Phillips does away with all that sourness ans gas right after meals. It prevents the distress so apt to occur I two hours after eating. What a pleasant preparation to take! And how good it is for the system! Unlike a burning dose of soda—which is but I temporary relief at . best —Phillips Milk of Magnesia neutralizes many times its volume In acid. j Next time a hearty meal, or too rich 1 a diet has brought on the least discomfort, try— PHILLIPS > Milk of Magnesia