The Syracuse Journal, Volume 22, Number 12, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 18 July 1929 — Page 2

HjusHas Man Played at Cards Tjhrouqh the

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v ivu rememoer way duck wnen your parents would have been horrified if they had found playing cards in your possession because “the devil lurked in a pack of cards?” How surprised they would have been if you had told them that to play cards was not a thing of evil but a perpetuation of an ancient rite as old as the history of mankird. For that would have been perfectly true. Primitive man was accustomed to re-

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sort to the making of magic to determine what course he should pursue in a world tilled with bewilderment and superstitious fears. Arrow divination was a favorite kind and to make this magic a circle was drawn on the ground with the proper rites and incantations and divided into the “Four Directions.” Then with more mystic ceremonies arrows were cast into the ring and upon the manner of their falling depended the future. A survival of this rite and these instruments is shown in the card game of the Koreans in which an arrow feather appears upon the back of the playing card. (Figure No. 4.) In fact it was among the Asiatic peoples that the beginnings of card games and playing cards, as we know them now, took place. Marco Polo, the famous traveler, returning to Venice late in the Thirteenth century, told among other wonders, how the great Chan in far-off Cathay had paper money made from the bark of the mulberry tree. The Chinese had been making this paper money since the Sixth century. At first a game was played with the.paper money itself but later cards in the form of paper money were made, using the old money symbols, a coin„ a string of coins, a myriad string of coins and tens of myriads of strings of coins, which are the names of the Chinese suits today. The form of the Chinese playing cards is shown in Figure No. 2. The Japanese is early as the Eighth century were making prints from wood blocks and pilgrims to the shrines in the monasteries were given these prints as souvenirs of their journeyings. These prints were used then, as now, to play the Flower game, founded on legends which date back to the beginning of the Japanese people. The Hindus also have a card game but their cards •were thin painted disks of wood or ivory or cotton fiber paper. In their game there are 12 cards to a suit and the number of suits to a pack vary—sometimes eight and sometimes ten. The court cards (king, queen and jack) always picture one of the incarnations of Vishnu. It was probably Chinese cards, however, which found their way into Italy In the Fourteenth century and which soon afterwards became known in every European country. The gypsies, after long wanderings through Arabia and Egypt, from their homes in India also brought into Europe cards which carried in their strange designs, parts of the myths and legends of these countries. Gradually there evolved from all of the sources a game called “tarots,” late in the Fourteenth century. These tarot cards were made for the nobles and were painted with the greatest care. They were so costly that, the poorer classes of people could not affo.G them but eventually another card game sprang up in which common cards made wits) stencils were used. Johannes, a monk at Buefeld, writing in 1377, describes this new game which “men call a game of cards.” The pack consisted of 52 cards with three court cards to each suit just like those of today. It is believed by some authorities that the earliest wood-block prints made in Europe were playing cards, made about the middle of the Fifteenth century. By this time playing cards were common in all pants of Europe. Germany especially was making great quantities of them not only for use in th t country but In Italy. Sicily and other countries. In fact, in 1441 the cardmakers of Venice protested to the Doge against the importation of these German products “by which our art is brought to total decay.” ' The earliest German cards were very large and were painted by hand. The designs on them reflected the early German fondness for hunting, since the shit signs were deer, dogs, falcons and ducks. In contrast to the German cards were

Why You Can’t Keep a Secret

I Keeping secrets Is not natural and not a friendly thing to do, Edgar Guest, poet philosopher, declares tn an article in the American Magazine. “We have been told something In strict confidence.” he continues. “We have information tn our possession which others would enjoy. It may be good news or bad news, but, good or bad, it would greatly Interest certain people we know and love. And this

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the beautifully decorateo Italian cards with raised borders, which were sometimes dotted or checkered. Then, too, the suit signs on the Italian cards were very different from those of any other country. They were long curved swords or scimitars, standing for the nobility; cups for the clergy; danari, or money, for the citizens; and bastoni, or clubs, for the peasants. In fact it seems that there was no uniformity in the matter of suit signs in any one country. Since most of the playing cards were made for the nobles on special order, the makers often placed on them such designs for suit signs as would best please their patron. Sometimes he chose them himself an ’ in other cases figures from "his coat-of-arms were taken. Reference has already been made to the prevailing suit signs in the cards made by the Germans but these hunting symbols were not uniformly used in that country. One set of round cards made in Cologne had suit signs of flowers, parrots and rabbits. Another used lions, monkeys, parrots and peacocks. The suit signs of today—spades, hearts, dia- . monds and clubs —originated in France and made their first appearance early in the Fifteenth century. They were called coeurs (hearts), piques (spades), trefles (clubs) and carreaux (diamonds). The suit of coeurs stood for the church, or clergy; the carreaux was symbolical of the arrow-heads of the vassals (the class from which the archers and bowmen were drawn); the trefles, or clover, signified the husbandman, and the piques, or the points of lances represented the knights. It was about this time, too, that the court cards were first named and these, too, we owe to the French. The earliest known cards printed from wood blocks which are preserved to this day are six cards from a set made in Provence in 1440. Four of these are in the British museum and two are In the museum of the United States Playing Card company in Cincinnati. (Figure 7). They are the knaves, or valets, as they are known in France, and bear the names of famous knights, Lancelot, Hogier and Valery. It is interesting to note that during the French revolution when the house of Bourbon was dethroned, the kings and queens disappeared from playing cards also. Instead there were substituted philosophers (for the kings), emblematic personages (for the queens) and sansculottes or the revolting workmen (for the knaves). x Playing cards came into England early in the Fifteenth century, during the fighting in Normandy and Touraine, Anjou and Poitou. English soldiers brought back French cards with them and these served as the models for English card makers. In spite of the fact that paper was not made in England until the end of the century, tn 1463, upon the petition of the English craftsmen, the importation of playing cards was forbidden. By 1484, card playing had become an important pan of the Christmas festivities, at least among the nobility, and it spread so rapidly to the lower classes that Henry VII in 1495 issued an edict forbidding their use to servants and apprentices except during the Christmas holidays. Although the French gave to us the familiar suit signs and the figures on the “picture cards, ’ the queer costumes which we see on the kings, queens, and jacks, when we pick up our hands, are English of the time of Henry VH. The queerlooking lappets over the queen’s ears are the same kind as were worn by the ladies of Henry’s court, although the wearing of their crowns far back on their beads did not become common until Queen Elizabeth’s time. The knaves with their flat caps “broade on the crowne like the

I faithful old friend of ours would enjoy knowing what we know. So we tell i it to him, just to make him happy. Then he has something in his possesi s|on —gteen to him in the strictest coni fidence—and the difficulty is that he i likes to share with others what he s knows. He ought to keep it to himself, as he promised to do. We should i have kept it locked without our i breasts, as we promised to do. The

trouble is that it burns and throbs and pounds away at us until we do share it “1 am quite sure that the only, really good things in- the world are those which you can share.” Reason for Baldness The Idea that bald men are more Intelligent than those with plenty of hair has no foundation in fact The reason so many students are bald is because they work too close to the heat of electric lights. - x .

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAT

j—n* ’wiC — v 4Kk" W« ' * £S§P ; Ii MiilMhb c BM ® * I▼W® @ ® (gidik <B> <s> 1. A Hindoo playing card. 2. Chinese money playing card. 3. A French card of the Napoleonic era. 4. Back of a Korean playing card, showing the arrow feather. 5. Japanese flower game cards. 6. A patriotic playing card of the World war period. 7. One of the earliest known playing cards of Europe, printed from wood blocks in Provence about 1440. 8. An early French playing card. 9. A card bearing one of the songs from the Beggar's Opera, 1728. 10. One of the playing cards rhade in England in 1678 by L. Hewson, son of Cromwell’s general, "Hewson the Cobbler.”

battlements of a house” are like the figures which we see in the paintings and tapestries of that time. Incidentally, the meaning of the name for this card has changed^greatly through the years. In those days the term of knave was used in the same way as the French varlet or valet and meant merely a son or young servant. Later it came to mean a rogue pnd from that meaning our present term, jack, is supposed to have come. It w’as probably jackanapes, originally, which was derived from Jacka-naipes, “naipes” being the Spanish word for cards. Card playing grew in great favor in England during the reign of Henry VII and the king himself was an addict. Among his private expenses are several entries for money at cards. His daughter was also a fan and of James IV and his bride it is written; “the Kynge came privly to the said castell and entered within the chammer with a small company where he found the Queene playing at Gardes.” When English royalty was overthrown and the commonwealth came into power cardplaying fell under the stern displeasure of the Puiftans. But under the gay rule of Charles II it was again in favor. Moreover, besides the playing cards with the conventional suit signs we find many other early English cards bearing curious pictures, political satires of the day which served much the same purpose as the cartoons and comic strips of the present time. In view of the recent revival of the Beggar’s Opera In this country it is interesting tc note that one pack of English playing cards was adorned with songs from that famous composition. (Figure No. 9.) It is also curious to find that, despite the Puritan disapproval of playing cards, one of the well-known card makers of that period was L. Hewson, who was a son of Cromwell’s general “Hewson, the cobbler.” The praqtfte of printing upon the cards many other things besides the figures of the various suits had a great vogue in Europe during that time. For instance Cardinal Mazarin, in an effort to interest the young prince, who later became Louis XIV, in his studies, arranged for several sets of playing cards, each bearing some geographical or historical information. One set was illustrated w’th the pictures of famous queens and short biographical sketches and another with symbolical figures of the different countries and a short description of that country. There was also a heraldic series illustrating the various coats-of-arms of the nobility, another illustrating the famous military operations of the period and another adorned with various mythological figures. Among the English cards of this period were some in which the different suits bore the portraits of kings and queens of various countries. Another was devoted to illustrated proverbs; another to Aesop’s fables, another showed scenes from the Monmouth Rebellion and still another scene illustrative of the reign of Queen Anne. This practice continued down to the Nineteenth century. One set of Frdfach cards made in 1814 reflected the war-like spirit of the Napoleonic era (Figure 3), being illustrated, pic? tures of soldiers upon whose banners appeared the suit signs .nd numbers. Another set of 1830 bore the music of famous dances of the time and still another of that period showed the work of famous caricaturists. The same thing was being done in England where the playing cards bore such designs as money tables, the multiplication tables, maps of the various countries, the signs of the Zodiac, portraits of all the kings of England and various other educational features. Since England became a card-playing nation Within a comparatively short time after playing cards were introduced into that country, it was only natural her colonies should follow the lead of the mother country. Sc America, too. has become a card-playing nation, pernaps the greatest in the world. The reason for that statemerit is this: last year there were printed in this country 52.000.0UU packs of cards. This means I.OUU.UUU a week! All down through the ages man has played at cards. So America is simply following the tradition and tn this as in many other things, she leads the world!

Prolific Hymn f Writers Upwards of seven thousand hymns Charles Wesley is known to have written; John Wesley translated many from the German, especially from the Moravian books. Some of their followers Olivers, Perronet and others, also wrote hymns. Great Teacher’s Advice Listen much, keep silent when tn doubt and always take heed of the tongue; thou wilt make few mistakes. —Confucius.

“GOB” PAJAMAS FOR THE BEACH; SUIT YOURSELF ABOUT BRIMS

IN CREATING the now-so-chlc pa- * jama modes for beach, boudoir and resort wear, genius and imagination are co-starring In a spectacular role. Almost amusing tn their eccentricities yet ever charming are many of the pajama costumes staged on fashion’s program. The feminized version of a sailor lad’s suit as here pictured is typical of the manner in which pajama stylists are at present playing up "ideas.*’ For summer and beach wear "gob” pajamas as shown here are the very latest. The cute frilly feminine blouse provokes a smile, being as it is so delightfully feminine. It is made

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of white flat crepe. The trousers are of lighter-than-navy rayon faille. No less unique are the clever overall pajamas which art making a decided hit with novelty seekers. For these ordinary workaday overalls have proved the styling inspiration. However, instead of the customary blue jeans fashionlsts employ all sorts of pretty materials, such as, for instance, blue and whitp striped broadcloth for the overall trousers .and bib with its suspenders which cross at the back. With this a sleeveless tuckin blouse of plain blue broadcloth is worn. Another pajama outfit which has a sea-going air about it, is made of white cotton gabardine. The front opening of the blouse and the hip yoke of the pajamas are eyelet-laced. A true-to-iype gob hat tops this costume. Tuck-in blouses have become of increasing important now that belted pajamas are the mode. An interesting item in connection with the new

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sun-tan .fad is, that in some instances pajamas are tuned to tanning in that the trousers are slashed from ankle to knee, so that the stockingless legs may be exposed to the rays of the sun. From brimless to wide, wider, widest of brims—thus hats register extremes this season. It is perfectly natural to suppose, for we have ever had the tradition handed down to us from generation to generation that springtime is the season for little close-fitting hats and that with the arrival ot summer comes the call for large picturesque shapes to take their place. However here Is where "fickle” fashion does the usual “unexpected”—makes the very tiny hats Checked Coats Everything is checked this season and especially smart are. checked fabrics that reproduce the characteristic design of gingham. Among these are to be found tweeds in red and white, green and white or brown and white checks. New Relations - Necklines are treated now in relation with hemlines. The evening gown of longer backline Invariably is cut lower in the back than the front. To

as Important a midsummer item as the very widest of brims. Or is it that fashion’s followers having found out that cunning little toques and caps and otherwise closefitting types look just as charming in summertime as they do In winter and springtime are continuing their vogue from choice? At any rate, with the slogan in tnlnd that “the customer is always right.” fashlonists are catering to the demand of fashionables by letting “us women” have our way tn regard to hats being brUnmed or brimless. In consequence some of us are topping our frocks this summer with cun-

ning little flower toques or with the “Frenchy” tittle draped turbans either of tricot scarfing or crochet vlsca if not deftly molded-to-the-head. soft-as-felt ex otic straws. Others in vanity fair are indulging in brims as wide as wide can be. many of which are airily transparent, others preferring the new and very smart linenlike straws. Still others are “keeping in the middle of the road,” wearin:; brims not too narrow or not tpo wide, which are Individualized by all sons of novel manipulation. The modes pictured are a fifty-fifty proposition—three being wide of brim, three defining the brimless mode. A big-brim all-black hat. like the one shown first in the group, is a likeable possession—always “sets off” a summery sheer dress to perfection. Looks well, too, with semi-tailleurs and smart pique or gingham frocks. This one is a large hair-shape embroidered with black chenille. An applique of cutout felt cherries and foliage in realistic colors en-

hances the natural, colored straw to the right. The .-harming thing about the hnge brim Id the center is that it is lined with tinted allover lace of thinnest cobweb mesh. One of the fashionable bakou straws is shown to the left in the row of llt tie bats. It is In that new and popular shade—chartreuse. The monture of grapes are tn chartreuse and black. The still-so-popular tricot-straw-draped toque is represented by the model in the tiny ovaL Last but not least is a flower toque or cap. These are lovely with summer chiffons. JULIA BOTTOMLEY. (©. 1929. Western Newspaper Union.! be correct, its decolletage should round, point or be irregular as the hemline. Daytime frocks copy this relationship. ' The Little Jacket A whole fashion chapter might b« written on the subject of the little jacket It is so absolutely a part ol the summer ensemble, which to b« really smart one should have at leasl half a dozen. They are made on th« lines of a cardigan.

It May Be J|LB k> J Tml*' When your Children Ciy for It Castoria is a comfort when Baby la fretful. No sooner taken than the little one is at ease. If restless, a few drops soon bring contentment. No harm done, for Castoria is a baby remedy, meant for babies. Perfectly safe to give the youngest infant; you have the doctors’ word for that! It is a vegetable product and you could use it every day. But it’s in an emergency that Castoria means most Some night when constipation must be relieved—or colic pains —or other suffering. Never be without ft; some mothers keep an extra bottle/ unopened, to make sure there will always be Castoria in the house. ly is effective for older children, too; read the book that comes with it. / ■ Easy Living / United States Attorney. Sawyer Smith was talking iE Covington about a bogus mislionaßy. “The man,” he said/ “held prayer meetings all over the country, and the money he took in for missions in Dahomey and Senegal enabled him to live like a prince for many years. “It reminds me of the little girl who was asked: “‘What does your father do for a living?’ “ ‘He takes up the collection in shurch.’ she answered.” .lip 11 k ? PI4H i DR. CALDWELL’S THREE RULES , < —O—>—» — »»« i Dr. Caldwell watched the results of constipation for 47 years, and believed that no matter how careful people are of their health, diet and exercise, constipation will occur from time to time. Os next importance, then, is how to treat it when it comes. Dr. Caldwell always was in favor of getting as close to nature as possible, hence his remedy for constipation is a mild vegetable compound. It can not harm the most delicate system and is not habit forming. The Doctor never did approve of drastic physics and purges. He did not believe they were good for human beings to put into their system. Use Syrup Pepsin for yourself and members of the family in constipation, biliousness, sour and crampy stomach, bad breath, no appetite, headaches, and to break up fevers and colds. Get a bottle today, at any drugstore and observe these three rules of health: Keep the head cool, the feet warm, the bowels open. For a free trial bottle, just write “Syrup Pepsin,” Dept. 88, Monticello. Illinois. t Pardonable Mistake Irving Berlin said at a reception al the Ritz In New York: “Melody is coming back. Jazz is still popular, yes,* but we have melodic jazz now, whereas in the past—” Mr. Berlin laughed and went on: “A young man and a girl were feasting on lobster and champagne at a supper club. “ ‘Oh, what heavenly jazz !’ said the girt ‘Let’s dance.’ “ ‘That wasn’t jazz,’ said the young man. ‘Major Lush upset his table.’” Naturally “How did you discover the secret In her closet?” "Why, with a skeleton key.” Nature’s Soda Fountain A cold spring under the hill and a gourd dipper, and why suffer from thirst? —Woman’s Home Companion. s T • What can you do in a crazy quilt made from the neckties of a man who won’t wear red ones? There Is some excuse for the man who honestly admits that he is lazy. n For Foot Comfort W ■1 quick relief of ht»t, tired, ■1 AJk aching, sma. .ng feet shake Bl Alien’s Foot-Ease, the antiseptic Bl healing powder, into your shoes. It Hl takes the friction from the shoes iH and makes walking or dancing a iH delight. Sold everywhere. JI "“Allen’s I (■RjobEase I Hl Wl rot Free Trial package and al FootaEase Walking Doll. Address. ■uHu AUen's Foot •> Ease, La Roy, U. <•