The Syracuse Journal, Volume 22, Number 8, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 20 June 1929 — Page 2

Their Portraits Will be Much in Demand after JulyUS

4 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON IS hereby predicted that lon and after July 1, 1929, the American people are going to become very much in- ** terested in collecting porA £> traits of the great men of JrjT this nation and that, of them all, the portraits of the eleven notables pictured / \ in this article will be the hMMV most in demand. For, on that date the United States Treasury will begin issuing the new reduced size currency upon which these portraits will be the distinctive mark of the various denominations. The following table is a “Who’s Who” of the new currency. Denomination Portrait Baek Design $1 Washington One $2.... Jefferson ...Monticello $5 Lincoln Lincoln Memo. $lO Hamilton ....Treasury $20.. Jackson .White House ssoGrant Capitol SIOU Franklin Independ. Hall $500..... McKinley Fiv'e Hundred SI,OOO Cleveland One Thousand ss,oooMadison Five Thousand slo,oooChase Ten Thousand There is a very definite reason for having a distinctive portrait on each of the different denominations of bills. It will make each denomination easier to recognize so that there will be fewer mistakes made in making change and you are not likely to hand somebody a $5 bill or a ten-thinking it is a one. At present we have eleven denominations made in 39 different designs. There are five kinds of $lO Jhkl ... m A-* SALMON P. CHASE bills. The new currency will have only one. At present the face of Washington is on both the $1 and S2O bills. On the new currency Washington will appear on the $1 alone. Under the old system of currency it was possible for counterfeiters to raise the ones to twenties, since both had Washington’s portrait on them and only the figures needed to be changed. In fact, the adoption of the distinctive portraits and characteristic embellishments on the back of the new bills will be the best guard against counterfeiting that Uncle Sam could possibly have. So if you will memorize the portraits as they appear on the bills of the different denominations you cannot be short-changed and you will not be so likely to make mistakes in making change yourself. But there are several other reasons why the reduction of the size of the present bills, which are seven and seven-sixteenths by three and oneit \ GROVER CLEVELAND eighth inches, to the new. size of six and five-elevenths by two and eleventwelfths inches, will be advantageous both to the makers of our money and the users of it. A substantial saving will be made in manufacturing the new currency because the amount of paper required will be reduced almost one-third. To put it into concrete terms, it will save the government enough paper annually to cover one thousand acres. Less ink will be needed, shipping weight will be cut and more notes will be produced by the same operation by the bureau of. engraving and printing because each plate will have twelve instead of eight subjects. So far as the public is concerned the new currency will be more convenient to handle. It will, for example, go into an envelope of ordinary size without folding, something which the old bills would not do. The new bills will fit more comfortably into the palm of the hand for counting, where-

Orientals Here Cling to Old Customs

The other evening In a stroll along the Bowery with a detective acquaint ance we heard the strains of Chinese stringed Instruments and turned into Mott street tn time to witness the arrival of a bride for her wedding ceremony at the home of her merchant fiance, says a writer in the Phlladel phla Ledger. The bride, we were tn formed by a dapper young Chinese, was a "sing-song girl,” whose wedding

as the old size cramped the teller’s hand. The new money will not require such a large pocket bill-fold and already new bill-folds are being manufactured which will hold the new currency without folding. The advantage of this is that the money will be kept flat and will last longer, since it is at trie point of folding that bills break and have to be replaced. In general appearance, the new money will closely resemble the currency now in use but it will have a distinctive feature, consisting of localized red and blue fiber incorporated in the body while the process of manufacture so placed as to form particular stripes. In the past the portraits on the currency of the United States have been \ ‘ ~ ’ IraaF ABRAHAM LINCOLN those of men who were more or less intimately connected with the development of our monetary system. This tradition is being carried out in the new currency. Although the men who are pictured thereon frequently held positions in regard to currency and other problems which were widely divergent at the same time, all of them had something to do with the evolution of our money system. So the next time one of the new hundred dollar bills comes into your possession and you look upon the benign countenance of Benjamin Franklin, it should remind you that Ben’s advice to you would be to save that hundred dollars rather than to spend it. For Franklin was the first apostle and exponent of thrift in this country. More than that, Franklin’s name is inseparably connected with the financing of the movement which ||||||||| '' ALEXANDER HAMILTON made the United States of America possible—the Revolution. For it is not too much to say that had it not been for Franklin’s efforts to get money from foreign powers to aid the colonists, their revolt against England could not have succeeded. Not only did Franklin obtain from France, Spain and other countries loans which were poorly secured at the best but his name was used by other Americans who went abroad for the same purpose. Nearly every one of them, when in need of money, drew drafts on Franklin at Paris and congress itself did the same thing. What is more remarkable is the fact that the drafts often were presented for payment before Franklin had been told that they had been issued. He never failed to honor them and, such was Bk.' JAMES MADISON the confidence of the lenders in him, that rarely if ever were requests for loans, in which his name was used, denied. The face of George Washington on the new one dollar bills, the denoml-

had been arranged by her father. The “sing-song girls” are those who have difficulty In finding a husband and whose fathers, for a monetary consideration, dispose of them to a Chinese seeking a wife. It is an ancient custom in China and one that still holds good among many of the Chinese here. They may adopt American clothes and some American practice#, but mentally they continue as true Orientals. Some-

ULYSSES S. GRANT nation which will be used oftenest by the most people, is not only a natural tribute to the first great American but it is also a reminder t,o us that It was during the administration of the first President that our monetary system was established. Similarly 'the portrait of Thomas Jefferson on the two dollar bills' and the portrait of Alexander Hamilton ori the ten dollar bills remind us that they were .members of Washington’s cabinet, Jefferson as secretary of state and Hamilton as secretary of the treasury. Although Washington had great difficulty in preventing political clashes between these two members of his cabinet because of their views on politics, both of them were intimately connected with the establishment of bur money system. It was Jefferson who foundH -'3 " I w v !i w" v r BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ed the American system of coinage based on the decimal system as a substitute for the more involved British system. So when we find it easy to reckon our accounts by the simple knowledge that ten cents make a dime and ten dimes make a dollar, instead of having to struggle with involved calculations of pence, and pounds, we can be grateful to Thomas Jefferson. In view of that fact it may seem to some that we are showing ingratitude to Jefferson by placing his portrait on the two dollar bills which by some people are considered “unlucky bills” and a denomination to be avoided. f Hamilton is credited by most historians with being the founder of the fiscal system of the United States, and is frequently referred to as the first and greatest secretary of the treasury. Certainly, it took a man of genius to take hold of the financial WILLIAM McKINLEY affairs of a new republic whose credit among other nations was none too good, whose future existence was problematical and whose resources were weakened by a long war and put them upon a firm foundation which has never been shaken from Hamilton’s day to this. The name of James Madison, whose portrait appears upon the five thousand dollar bills, is closely associated \Vith those of Hamilton, whose follower he was at first, and of Jefferson, whose secretary of state he became. The picture of Andrew Jackson on the twenty dollar bills reminds us of the beginning of a new era in American history. When the question of states’ rights versus federal domination first became acute and the problem of the United States bank arose, to which Jackson was Irreconcilably opposed, he was the storm center of a stormy administration. It was during this time that Abraham Lincoln, the memory of whose greatness is recalled every time that a five dollar bill is

times the Chinese girl, influenced by American ways, chooses her own husband and sometimes she runs away with a man belonging to another tong than that of her father, thereby provoking trouble between the rival societies. Usually the bride has nothing to say about her wedding and may not look upon her Intended until the night when the feast has been spread and the wedding music is heard. A good forgettery is sometimes better .han a good memory.

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

passed through your hands, first came into contact with the problems of state and national finance. As a member of the Illinois legislature, he was a supporter and defender of the state banks that had been established in Illinois. When Lincoln became President and the gigantic task of financing the Civil war fell upon his shoulders, he turned to the man whose face you will see on the teh thousand dollar bills (when and if you ever see one)—Salmon P. Chase, secretary of the treasury from 1861 to 1865. Specie payment was suspended in the United States in 1861 and it became the duty of Chase to determine ways and means of carrying the government financially through the war. So he resorted to the Issuing of bonds and ' S’ : GEORGE WASHINGTON making green-backs legal tender, tmd his name has come down in history as “the father of the green-back.” The appearance of Ulysses S. Grant on the new fifty dollar notes is a tribute to his fame as a soldier in winning a war which saved the nation, rather than a monument to his connection with national finance. For the fact is that Grant would be the last man in history to be designated as a financial genius. A failure' in business in his early life,.his financial venture with a banking firm in his later years was a failure and he was left penniless. But there is no greater example of heroism known than tire way in which Grant met the problem of family finances at this time. Bankrupt, crippled from a fall, dying of cancer of the tongue, lie dictated two volumes of memoirs, when to speak meant .agony, so that his famwwoy ANDREW JACKSON ily would be provided for and he did not cease from his task until it was finished. The portraits of two recent Presidents on the new currency, William McKinley on the five hundred dollar bills and Grover Cleveland on the thousand dollar bills, recalls the connection of both with the money history of the United States since the Civil war. Cleveland will be remembered for his insis’ence on the observance of the gold standard and his opposition to enforced coinage of silver under the Sherman silver purchase act. Leader of a party divided within Itself on the money question, as evidenced by the Democratic nomination of Bryan, in 1896, and Bryan’s adherence to bimetalism at the historic ratio of 16 to 1, the boldness of Cleveland’s stand is clearly revealed. THOMAS JEFFERSON The portrait of McKinley recalls the fact that the country accepted his views on money in preference to Bryan’s 16 to 1, and sent him to the White House instead of Bryan.

Not • Valuable Flour Alfalfa flour does not compare at all favorably with the cereal flours or meals and at best must have large proportions of other flours mixed with it before it can be used for baking. Blind Following “Our ancestors claim our deference," said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “and so we proceed, while praising their virtues, to make their old mistakes.”—Washington Star.

BRIDAL OUTFITS OF FLESH TINT; CHARMING WRAPS FOR SUMMER

BRIDES, bridesmaids,, trousseaux, honeymoons by air or sea or land, oh! the June air is rife with romance. Shall the bride wear traditional white satin or shall novelty enter in? What color scheme will be most effective for the bridal cortege? A formal church or a simple home wedding? These are all subjects under discussion pro and con. In the conventional yesteryear, the mode declared that white must be white for the bridal robe, and that settled It In this day and age, however. “self-expression” leads to independent thinking when it comes to

rW.v# l1 W < ' O' I< ? I ~ ''j

selecting one’s wedding gown. Wherefore, the modern bride in some instances defies precedence by choosing to wear satin in a most delectable flesh-pink tint when she makes her marriage vows. . There’s something indescribably lovely about a delicately pink-toned frock for the bride. The exquisite robe in the picture adopts this choice color scheme. It is a princess model with a full train, the upper portion of the dress being made of handsome lace. Long perfect fitting sleeves of the lace give a fine dignity to this creation. There is any amount of fine hand-wrought beadwork lavished on the dress, especially where the design is followed where satin and lace join. The majority of brides this sea Jon are expressing preference for closefitting Dutch caps of either lace or tulle. In this instance the voluminous tulle veil is set to a cap of beautiful lace. While satin is the fabric greatest in favor at the momerft, owing to the fact that the more conservative styles.

J®!® ™ tit I' I DDM-M-l-l-b /./qS The Summer Wrap. ... • ' • 3

have returned to their own this season, other fabrics such as tulle, faille and, for summer weddings, georgette are likewise sponsored. Generally speaking, honors are divided between two types, namely, the princess versus the period theme. For the formal church wedding the longsleeved satin and lace effect as here pictured is eminently correct and - especially appealing?" When it comes to period gowns—which, by the way, make youthful brides look more youthful—many quaint and fascinating ideas are introduced. For the picturesque informal wedding the sleeveless gown

New Silks Many of the silks strongly feature brown, orange and cream as their color combination. Another silk, which is used in matching scarf and envelope bag, has a brown background and small motifs of cream and black scattered closely over the surface. Tiny Checks A cheerful little suit for both town and country wear is of blue and white checked silk. It consists of a becoming frock and a separate coat

with the short-waisted. fitted bodice with its very, very bouffant skirt lays siege to the heart of many a bride-to be. “ Pointed hemlines, scallops, flounces, circular tiers; all contribute chic and charm to the summer bridal costumes. Capricious, whimsical, charming, beguiling, unique, graceful, unusual —one adjective is as applicable as another when it comes to describing the fanciful wraps which are lending interest to the summer style parade. Very often the summery wrap is a separate theme, but just as often it is a component part of an ensemble

A Striking Bridal Costume.

costume —which does not, however, interfere with its doing duty with other frocks as well as the one to which it is related. In the picture below this ensemble of feminized styling is made of peach-colored georgette. The coal of the matching georgette is worn over a sleeveless frock. Between wraps of georgette and of transparent velvet there is keen competition. Being of light and airy tex ture, one welcomes their entrance into the summer mode, especially since so many of the gowns are made sleeveless, which renders a wrap which can be easily thrown off and on almost an indispensable thing. With every tiowered chiffon frock a velvet coat or cape of gay hue has become the watchword of the mode. Sometimes these are made quite simply—perhaps just a straight loose coat with a scarf collar. Then again the wrap is a puzzling thing of circular ruffles, capelets and huge bows. Some of the chiffon or georgette coats —and. by the way, they are as practical as they are handsome —in-

dulge in many fine knife plaitings; others “say it” with circular ruffles galore. In the instance of the model in the picture chic supreme is expressed through circular ruffles about the hemline. Speaking of georgette for the summer ensemble, no fabric is more commendable. For one thing, it wears. Then in most instances it can be tubbed satisfactorily; at any rate it cleans most perfectly. If you have never owned a tailored georgette ensemble you have missed one of the chiefes*. of sartorial joys. JULIA BOTTOMLEY. (©. 1929. Western Newspaper Union.)

Stripes Move The smart new sports outfits move their decorative stripes from the sweater to the skirt A plain yellow jumper and cardigan top a yellow skirt with deep border of yellow, orange and dark brown stripes. Jackets Replace Cardigans The advent of tailored jackets to accompany summer dresses places the cardigan in a position definitely of sports character in the woolens and knit weaves.

3Around® Orchardft COLORING FRUIT BY ETHYLENE GAS Promotes Ripening Process and Makes Fruit Better. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) The process of coloring citrus fruit by means of exposure to ethylene gas has been extended to a number of other fruits and vegetables-with varying success, according to investigators in the bureau of chemistry and soils and the bureau of plant industry of the United States Department of Agriculture. Although the use of ethylene gas in coloring oranges is commonly described in the orange business as the “pthylene ripening process,” the Department of Agriculture workers who developed the method, after Its discoverer. Dr. F. E. Denny, had secured the public service patent covering It, have preferred not to use the term “ripening” in describing the effects produced. That term, it is pointed out. Is applied in many ways to describe natural processes, and may convey the idea of increasing the food supply in a fruit or vegetable, that is, increasing the starch or sugar content. Their experiments lead them to think that the changes produced by ethylene gas are very similar to those which take place naturally after the fruit or vegetable has been harvested and is stored under proper conditions. There is a decided difference, however, in the time required for the change. If an orange is picked when immature, and before the fruit has stored sufficient sugar, ethylene gas will n-H add to the sugar or reduce the acid. It does promote a coloring of the rind that makes otherwise desirable fruit more attractive to the eye. In the case of pears the full sweetness of the fruit may not have developed when the time for harvest comes. Some of the food material is in the form of starch, which changes to sugar in the course of storage. Ethylene gas causes the change to take place more rapidly. A desirable effect has been observed in treatment of Japanese persimmons. But in none of these cases, the chemists emphasize, does ethylene cause a halfgrown immature fruit to be made palatable. The experimenters have also had some success with green colored apricots which grew on the inside branches of trees and failed to color for lack of sunlight. The department has had enthusiastic reports on treating green tomatoes to bring out color, but experiments by scientists in the department indicate that immature fruits will benefit but little, if any. Theit results with other fruits and vegetables have been inconclusive, and they are unwilling to forecast success until they have adequate evidence. For citrus fruits the method is widely used, and inquiries have come from nearly every citrus growing country. The method is well established in the citrus states of this country. Low-Headed Trees Are Wanted by Orchardists Most orchardists* want their trees low headed, so the apples can be easily picked and tlte trees thoroughly sprayed. Therefork thed head theit trees back when sefHnff'out. to make the branches low The second year but little pruning will be required if It was properly done the first season, care being taken each succeeding yeat to see that the head is kept well-bal-anced and leaders not allowed to grow -too. upright. All young fruit trees should be wrapped with heavy paper at the base to prevent rabbits and other rodents from gnawing the bark in winter, lat paper, or several sheets of a magazine will protect them. Tie with string to hold in place. ************************** Horticultural Facts ************************** In buying red raspberries a mosaicfree strain should be selected. * ♦ * Soil preparation is one of the most Important factors in successful tree growing. ♦ * • A lick in time with the proper spray or culture may prevent or kill nine-ty-nine or more fruit pests. The man who produces high quality fruits seldom has to worry about a satisfactory market for Ins surplus. ♦ ♦ ♦ Where the crop Is light and well distributed over the bearing surface, thinning is unnecessary, but where the set is heavy, should prove profitable. Setting out apple trees and other fruit trees In the fall is recommended by the most experienced orchardists. • * ♦ In planting all of the raspberries, it is well to have the rows six to eight feet apart, and the plants set about three feet apart in the rows. • « * The best way to apply fertilizer to all trees is to scatter it around the tree one or two feet from the body of the tree and increase the distance each year. li . ♦ ♦ • — For the success of any orchard venture, there is no factor more important than soil fertility. This is perhaps especially true of peaches. If a cover crop is to follow cultivation, two or three cultivations will be sufficient, beginning as soon as the soil becomes workable in the spring. • * * One of the most important essentials in spraying is thoroughness of application. The right materials must be applied at the right time ar.i >n the ’ right way.