The Syracuse Journal, Volume 22, Number 7, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 13 June 1929 — Page 2

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4 'waqig . .By ELMO SCOTT WATSON

T HE Republican party, familiarly known as the G. O. P. (because its adherents, pointing with pride to its achievements, among them the fact that in f eighteen Presidential elections since it ' was founded it has been victorious thirteen times, call it the “Grand Old Party”), celebrated its seventy-fifth birthday this month. And thereby hangs “a tale of two cities” pr rather

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tl*e tale of the rivalry of two cities for the honor of being known as the “birthplace of the Republican party.” The two cities are Ripon, Wis., and Jackson, Mich. In support of its claim residents of Ripon will take you to a little white schoolhouse and show you the tablet beside the door on which you may read, “In this schoolhouse March 20, 1854, was held the first mass meeting in this country that definitely and positively cut loose from old parties and advocated a new party under the name Republican.” In celebration of that event there was held on the campus of Ripon college, centering about that historic schoolhouse, recently, a pageant depicting the growth of the Republican party and a celebration of the diamond jubilee of the party. The principal speakers at this event were James W. Good, secretary of war in President Hoover’s cabinet, and Walter J. Kohler, Republican governor of Wisconsin. Residents of Jackson, Mich., In support of their claim to the honor, will take you to a group of oaks standing at Second, and Franklin streets and tell you that here the Republican party was born on July 6, 1854, when the name Republican was adopted by a convention of state delegates. Whether the Republican party was born on March 20, or July 6. 1854. and whether its birthplace was Ripon, Wis., or Jackson. Mich., Is relatively unimportant, compared to the event itself, the critical era in our history during which it took place and the signflcant aftermath of that event. The Republican party was born at a time when the dispute over slavery was at its height. It grew out of the growing opposition to slavery as an institution especially in the states which had been formed from the old Northwest territory. In accordance with the famous ordinance of 1787 the Northwest territory was to have no slavery within Its boundaries after the year 1800. The ordinance gave to the owners of fugitive slaves the right to recover them even after the runaways had escaped beyond the Ohio, but as a matter of fact the “undergrounds railroads” which aided escaping slaves to their freedom were active throughout this territory. The northern part of the territory was once known as Michigan and included the present states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and a part of Dakota. Wisconsin became a state in 1848 and from its beginning as a commonwealth was dominated by ardent foes of slavery. Two years after Wisconsin became a state there came to the town of Ripon from New York a man who was to give Ripon its claim to the title of “birthplace of the Republican party.” He was Alvan Earle Bovay, born in Jefferson county, New York. July 12, 1818, and a lawyer by profession. Bovay soon became a leading citizen in the little hamlet of Ripon and his best friend was Jedediah Bowen, the principal merchant of the place. There were only about a hundred voters in Ripon at the time but they had a wide choice of parties for it was at a time in American history when the lines which separated the traditional Whigs and Democrats were breaking down and new parties were constantly being formed. Bovay himself was a Whig and an eloquent and ardent one. He was not so partisan however but that he recognized his party was likely to crumble at any time from the discordant factors within it. The<dispute over slavery was becoming more acute all the time. The gieat leaders who had sought some way of reconciling the differences between the North and the South over the slavery question were in their graves and the threat of disunion and possible civil war was already looming over the horizon. It seems that in 1852 Bovay sugested that a strong antislavery party be formed to be called the Republican party. He broached the subject while on a visit to New York city to Horace Greeley, the famous editor of the New York Tribune. But nothing came of the suggestion at that time. Two years later matters reached a crisis when on January 23, the famous Kansas-Nebraska bill was introduced into congress. Kansas and Nebraska were to be admitted as territories with power to do as they pleased about slavery, despite the fact that the Missouri Compromise of 1820 had forbidden slaves in any states or territories north

i Need Two Qualities to Be Authority

Throughout the ages man has striven vainly with his fellow compatriots to attain that pinnacle of absolution, authority over his fellows, but It has been left to Aldous Huxley, writing in Vanity Fair, to tell why a man wants to be an authority. “What are a man’s motives for wanting to be an Authority? The two necessary attributes of an Authority gre in the first place talent and in the

of the line 36 degrees 30 minutes. In its final form the bill declared the Missouri Compromise, “inoperative and void” because it was “inconsistent with the principle of nonintervention by congress with slavery in the states and territories as recognized by the legislation of 1850.” When the Kansas-Nebraska bill was introduced, Bovay wrote to Greeley as follows: “Your paper is now a power in the land. Advocate calling together in every schoolhouse and church in the free states all the opponents of the Kansas-Ne-rqska bills, no matter what their party affiliations. Urge them to forget previous organizations and to be bound together under the name suggested to you at Lovejoy’s hotel in 1852. I mean the name of Republican. It is the only one which will serve all purposes, past and future —the only one that will live and last.” During February of that year Bovay called again and again to foes of slavery to rally under the banner of a new party. Late in the month he gathered together in the Congregational church at Ripon a group of those who believed as he did. On March 20, a mass meeting was called in district schoolhouse 2, a small white frame building. Os the hundred or so voters in Ripon, Bovay was able to get fifty-three to his meeting. They were a varied lot so far as political affiliation was concerned—Whigs, Democrats and Free-Soilers. To them Bovay offered his resolution that a new party to be called Republican be organized at once, based on the opposition to slavery. As a result, his suggestion was adopted and the town committees appointed by the Free-Soil and Whig parties were dissolved. A committee on organization was appointed, consisting of three Whigs, one Free-Soller and one Democrat. They were Bovay, his friend Jedediah Bowen, Amos Loper, A. Thomas, and J. Woodruff. Considering the slow process which usually represents the evolution of a political party, the growth of the Republican party was swift. Under the leadership of Stephen A. Douglas, who was ambitious to be the Democratic Presidential nominee in 1856, the Kansas-Nebraska bill was passed in May, 1854. Immediately fierce opposition flamed up in the North and during the summer it icontinued to burn. It is at this point that the claim of Jackson, Mich., to being the Republican cradle comes to the front. On July 6, 1854, there was held in an oak grove on the outskirts of Jackson a state-wide representative mass meeting, acting as a state convention, assembled in response to a call signed by several thousand citizens of Michigan Inviting the co-operation of all who were opposed to the extension of slavery. The chairman of the committee of resolution, Jacob M. Howard, wrote and supported a platform of considerable length which was unanimously adopted. It denounced slavery as a “relic of barbarism, a great moral, social and political evil” and declared that it was the purpose of the fathers of the Republic to prevent the spread of slavery. It also asserted that it was now the duty of congress to carry out this purpose by restoring the restriction on slavery laid down in the Missouri Compromise. The delegates also resolved “that postponing and suspending all differences in regard to political economy or administrative policy, we will co-operate and be known as Republicans until after the contest be determined.” They also earnestly recommended that there be called a “general convention of the free states and such of the slave-holding states as may desire to be represented, with a view to the adoption of other more extended and effectual measures in resistance to the encroachments of slavery.” The name Republican was also used later in a Wisconsin convention as well as at state gatherings In the East, held in New York, Massachusetts, Vermont and Maine. The new party gained strength during the next two years as it drew to its standard various elements from other parties. The Whigs had suffered a defeat in 1852 which had demoralized them and had practically shattered that party. Then, also, there had risen the American party or the All American party;, commonly known as the Know Nothings because of the reply they made when asked about details of their organization and supposedly secret ritual. This strange body, founded on racial and religious prejudices, had succeeded in electing governors in several states and had sent nearly a hundred representatives to the house of representatives. The Know Nothings were a conglomeration. Some of them favored the extension of slavery, while others opposed. There were also the Free Soilers committed to the abolition of slavery by political means. The Free Soil party had been connected with the Liberty party, which had much

second a prestige which is a product partly of that talent and partly of causes external to the talented individual. Nobody without some sort of outstanding talent can hope to become an Authority for the world at large. At the same time, talent without prestige is unavailing. Many men of talent have lacked authority during their lifetime; authority has only come to then! posthumously with** posthu-

mous accession of prestige. In this age of newspapers the greatest source of prestige is publicity, the mere fact of being somebody who figures in the news. It is possible for any public person, whatever the nature of his success-bringing specialty, to become an Authority.” Dangerous Cargo Rice has to be elaborately stowed on shipboard, pierced by trunkways, raised from the hold bottom on dunnage wood, and under all circum-

THE SYRACUSE JOURXAL

the same view, and* also it had taken over a faction of the New York Democrats, called the Barnburners. because their extreme views were compared to the policy of a man who burned down his barn to get rid of the rats. The Free Soilers flung wide their motto, “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor and Freemen.” To the growing new party of the Republicans came many kinds of political faiths who had the common bond of opposition to slavery—all “AntiNebraska or Kansas” men. Some had been Whigs, some Democrats, others had turned from such short-lived organizations as the Free Soilers and the Know Nothings. An informal convention, which might better be called an organizing committee, was held in Pittsburgh early in 1556. at which the name Republican as the title of a national party wrns firmly fixed. Among those present at this convention were Horace Greeley and Abraham Lincoln. The campaign of 1856, the first one in which the Republican party officially participated and, incidentally, suffered its first defeat, is described in the volume “Builders of the Republic” in the Yale University Press “Pageant of America” as follows: Meeting in Convention in Philadelphia, in February, 1856, the Know Nothings or the American party found sectionalism intruding into their organization. Indeed, "after angry debate, most of the antislavery delegates withdrew, leaving the sputhern wing in control. With a platform that attempted to divert attention from the slavery question by crying up the foreign peril, the party went into the campaign with Fillmore and Donalson as its candidates. The Democrats tried hard to present an appearance of harmony. Since the doctrine of popular sovereignty was to be their major plank, it was expected that either the “Little Giant.” or Pierce would be the nominee. But the North so opposed the proceedings in Kansas that the leaders were passed over by a man less closely connected with recent domestic events. As minister to England. James Buchanan had been abroad during the most trying times. His availability was enhanced because his name w’as linked with that aggressive foreign policy which had been employed to distract the country from internal troubles. Acceptable to the South, he could be supported also by the conservative elements of the North. The Whig party, practically defunct, contented itself with indorsing the candidates of the American party. There w;as thus need for a party which would stand four-square against the Democrats and the extension of slavery. This need was filled by the Republican party which had grown with surprising rapidity since 1854. To it had thronged a miscellany of malcontents, a fact of which its rivals made the most. In spite of its heterogeneity, the party showed remarkable solidarity. Assembling in Philadelphia on the anniversary of Bunker Hill, the delegates, passing over the more p-om-inent leaders—such as Chase of Ohio, and Seward of New York—selected John C. Fremont of California, a young man little known in politics, but with a well-advertised record as an explorer of the Far West. The platform vigorously denounced the proslavery and jingoistic activity of recent years. The Republicans launched a campaign that in vigor and spectacle resembled that of 1840. With “Bleeding Kansas” as their cry. they appealed, through the agency of newspaper editors, such as Horace Greeley, of the New York Tribune, James Gordon Bennett, of the New York Herald. Henry J. Raymond, lof the New York Times, and Gen. J. Watson Webb, of the Courier and Enquirer of New York, to the Northerners" dread lest the “Buchaneers” expand their domain of slavery. The opposition played upon the widespread dislike for the Abolitionists as a means of discrediting the Republicans. The eccentric personalities of the reformers, their extravagant acts and still more extravagant words were a heavy burden for the new party to carry. As the campaign developed it appeared that the Republicans were too sectional in their appeal and not sufficiently organized to carry the country. Buchanan gained many adherents who had become alarmed by the apparent radicalism of the Fremont followers Fillmore took occasion to announce that Fremont’s election would endanger the Union. In the South, it need hardly be said “black Republicanism” was identified by many with all the “isms" in the dictionary. The contest was rather close. Buchanan received 174 electoral votes to 114 for Fremont, while Fillmore received 8 from Maryland. The Democrats had had a close call; and the size of the Republican vote gave the old line leaders cause to worry for the future. These leaders had even more cause to worry four years later. For in 1860 the Republican candidate was Abraham Lincoln anti the new party was swept into power—a power which it was destined to hold uninterruptedly for a quarter of a century until Grover Cleveland, a Democrat, was elected in 1885. Cleveland was again elected in 1893, but at the end of his term of office in 1897 marked the beginning of another period of Republican domination until interrupted by Woodrow Wilson’s election in 1912. And the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Republican party’s birth finds it still in power.

stances kept water-tight, even though the ship is awash with heavy seas on every deck. What is going to happen to 5.000 tons of rice in a closed compartment once it gets wet is fairly obvious 1 Lucky Digger A German gardener dug up a gold coin minted In 1444. Only one specimen of this coin was known before and it was valued highly. He received for bis the equivalent of a year’s wtige.

CHIC WARM WEATHER ENSEMBLE; ATTRACTIVE DANCING FROCK

FASHIONS that interest the motion picture stars of Hollywood naturally interest the majority of the younger American women, since the “movie"’ people must really be ahead of the promises of the fashion plates, thus the last word in Advance styles should be expected from them. A poptilar Hollywood model is shown in the picture. In this design the wood-violet shades are chosen for the handsome summer ensemble which shows a piece quilt coat with blocks of different colored silks richly embroidered. The skirt is knife plaited and shows these

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BEAUTIFUL DESIGN FROM HOLLYWOOD same patterns while the overblouse Is of" plain white silk with scarf treatment. Beige slippers and hose complete the costume. Everything is remarkably straight in this model, which is unusual this season, when almost every dress and coat stresses unevenness. The hemline is decidedly even, also the bottom of the blouse, which Is in a straight line from shoulder to the hem. A belt of black patent leather with a dainty buckle is worn at the hips. The front facing on the coat shows an embroidered effect. The sleeves are perfectly plain as to style. In all it is a sports

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EGGSHELL MOIRE USED IN THIS FROCK

outfit Lsyond compare, and it is not surprising that it is favored by Bollywood. American women, with their demand fnr color, are credited by Paris with maintaining the vogue of gay printed materials, and also, they are held responsible for the printed twopiece suits which constitute a noticeable part of the midsummer collections shown tn Paris. French womeii find the two-piece printed costumes too flashy for town wear, and are more favorable to ensembles of plain color—black and white being preferred. Despite their attitude, the printed suits are a well-established note of the midsummer chic and are branded as the latest style by the person who is careful about her ward-

' The Capucine Shades Should you have noticed strange new shades of silks that remind you of grandmother’s favorite nasturtiums and in a range of tone from light to dark, you will have been viewing the newest of colors termed the capucine shades. Adjustable Waistline* Waistlines that are adjustable to the wishes of the wearer are the answer to the sliding line which hai! >een keeping women guessing.

robe. Prominent among the foundation colors used for the prints of the season are brown, blue, black, red. The majority of the patterns are small. Many have conventional floral designs, mostly in petal and leaf effects. Thus practically all tastes can be satisfied. Dancing frocks for the young misses are in some the most alluring modes ever shown. New fashions have away of coming first in the evening, and perhaps later may come into prominence. Some of the more important of the new evening silhouettes that Paris has

produced, and which smart Parisiennes. native and foreign, are affecting, appear as a subtly molded tube, reaching almost to the knees, below which point all kinds of enchanting frills and flares are an added feature. It is not uncommon for these, additions to continue down to the ankles, since evening frocks are much longer than the daytime dress. In the majority of these elaborate formal gowns, belts, sashes, bows and other features indicating a waistline are forgotten, and the only semblance of a waistline is that accorded by a slight blouse which appears in the normal position. Another smart evening design makes a disappearing waistline its center of cnic through the assistance of flaring peplum, or a series of soft puffs from the waistline to the hips. Mich has been done by Paris to stra.ghten out the uneven hemline, and the hems are frequently cut straight around, or nearly straight. If dipped they are dipped in points all around, or in back and front on the same skirt, or in large squared panels at the sides. The back droop, so far as Paris is concerned, has been placed in the background. The separate type of dresses for evening wear continue to drop from the high waist byway of circular godets or tiers to some fashion of Irregular hemline. Among favored colors used for danc-

ing frocks are blue, capucine, chartreuse, pink, black and white, and the many varying shades of these colors. White, as ever, is much in demand, and it comes in many shades. A charming dancing frock, shown In the lower illustration is of eggshell moire. A basque type waist, much longer at the back, enhances a fuii gathered skirt with pointed, uneven hemline, and noticeably longer at the sides instead of the overdone long back. Snug-fitting armholes, a pointed neck, and five dainty tailored bows at the front of the waist give the gown a tailored effect, especially suitable to moire. A large bow of self material is fastened at the back, giving a bustle effect JULIA BOTTOMLEY. (©, 1929. Western Newspaper Union.)

Taffeta Vogue Taffeta is conspicuous as a modish medium for party frocks and as trimming for less formal attire. Seams and edges are finished in taffeta instead of flat crepe on many of the new clothes. I Flared Back A black satin evening gown has aj suspended strapped back decolletage> find a skirt, panel that fits snugly into; the yoke and then flares clear to the floor. 1

SPRAY RESIDUE NOT INJURIOUS Storage Qualities of Apples and Pears Not Impaired. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) The washing of apples and pears with acidulated. water, as practiced In the Pacific Northwest —to remove spray residue, apparently does not injure their storage quality, according to a survey of apples in storage recently made by the bureau of plant industry and the bureau of agricultural economics, United States Department of Agriculture. In this survey, which was made in the later part of January and the first part of February, this year, 184 cars of western apples which were in storage in five of the principal markets, Chicago, Kansas City, St. Louis, Philadelphia, and New York, were inspected. Os these iots, 113 or 73.3 per cent showed no evidence of decay whatever and 3 lots or less than 2 per cent showed injury which might be attributed to washing. The type of injury common to these three lots resembled burning caused by soluble arsenic, which, according to the investigations carried on during the last two years by the bureau of plant industry, may occur on fruit not carefully rinsed. In one of these lots 23 per cent of the fruit was affected. In the other two carloads, the injury amounted to 8 per cent and 0.9 per cent, respectively; the fruit was not decayed and in most cases would be salable. The results on the extent of washing injury are corroborated by the records of the bureau of agricultural economics’ receiving-point inspections, made during the period September 1, 1928, to January 1, 1929, in which only 4 out of 541 cars of apples inspected showed evidences of injury due to washing. It is evident that there is no danger of injury from the dilute solution of hydrochloric acid used in washing the fruit, provided it is handled with reasonable care. This method of cleansing was applied with satisfactory results to approximately 30,900 cars of apples this past season under a wide range of field conditions. Grape Berry Moth Cause of Much Wormy Fruit The grape berry moth is' a rather common insect that causes the grape berries to be wormy. For the control. iy 2 pounds of powdered arsenate of lead is mixed with 50 gallons of a 4-4-50 bordeaux mixture. This is made by dissolving 4 pounds of blue vitriol in 50 gallons of water, and with this is mixed 4 pounds of freshly hydrated lime. To the bordeaux-lead combination is added 1 pound of resin fish-oil soap that has been dissolved in a little water. The first application of this mixture should be made as soon as the berries have set. A second should be given just before the berries are large enough to touch one another in the cluster, while a third treatment should be given about two weeks later. Only enough bordeaux for each treatment should be made at one time as it deteriorates rather quickly. Find Arsenate of Lead Is Harmful to Animals In Washington and Oregon where they spray orchards with arsenate of lead it has been found that horses suffer with lead poisoning in a chronic form. In many cases it produces chronic roaring or paralysis of some of the nerves that supply the muscles of the larynx. This produces a roaring or whistling sound that is present when the horse or mule inspires air. Quite often a roaring horse or mule chokes down when pulling a heavy load or when tested by speeding. There are not a few roaring horses and mules in the South and it may be that the condition of some of them is caused by eating some of the lead arsenate that is used to dust cotton to kill the boll weevil. Some roarers are called chokers. Spraying Outfit The owner of a home orchard and garden feels that he can hardly afford to provide the expensive equipment used by the commercial grower 1 for the control of insects and diseases. Consequently, he has to do with less equipment and put out a large proportion of labor in protecting his plants agaihst the various injurious maladies. There are two general types of spray outfits that can be used for the home orchard and garden. Cherry Varieties Some of the leading commercial varieties of sweet cherries are both self-sterile and inter-sterile. For example, Napoleon, Bing and Lombard will not self-pollinate or cross-polli-nate each other. Windsor, Black, Republican, Governor Wood and Black Tartarian, on the other hand, not only appear to be inter-fertile, but are also good pollenizers for Napoleon. Bing and Lombard. The standard varieties of sour cherries are self-fertile and do not require cross-pdlination. Removing Mulch As soon as tiie strawberry plants begin to grow in the spring, most of the mulch should be removed from over the plants in order to admit the necessary light and air to the leaves. Remember to leave a light covering of straw, however, to protect the berries and keep them clean, working the remainder of the mulch down between the rows, where it may form a moist-ure-retaining mulch and prevent harmful weed growth to a considerable t extent. J