The Syracuse Journal, Volume 21, Number 52, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 25 April 1929 — Page 2

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4 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON '— ~—INE May day in the year 1839 there walked into the old frame hotel, which had.been built to provide ac98| fljjH conimodations for visiters to the IM M United States Military academy at W West Point, N. Y., a freckled-faced, uiidersized, awkward youth of sev- . TF enteen years. He wore a suit of liutte, ’’ jeans woven on a backwoods hand loom. On his feet were a pair of coarse shoes, rough and heavy,soled, also evidently homemade. In a halting bashful manner he made known his desire for a room and when the proprietor of the hotel pushed across the desk the ruled sheet of paper which served as a register, the awkward youth scrawled on it the name “U. H. Grant, Georgetown, Ohio.” It is doubtful if the hotel proprietor gave him a second glance as he assigned him to a room D 32. for the arrival of such youngsters at his hotel, preparatory to their entrance into the military academy, was no novelty to him. If anything he must have remarked in his own mind that tbig; rustic lad was even more unpromising material from which an “officer and gentleman’’ was to he made than the average youth who came to the Point. Uertainly he could not have realized that he was a witness to the beginning j»f a military career of a man who was to be the victor in the greatest civil war the world had ever known and future generations were to hail as one of the great captains of all times. For this shy youth was the future Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, whose memory Americans honor on April 27 of each year, the anniversary of his birth. “Uadet U. H. Grant” and “Gen. Ulysses S. Grant” —how did one become the other? This inconsistency in his name is one of the many in the paradoxical career of the man. From the beginning it seemed there were to be many mixups in his name. On April 27. 1822. a son the firstborn of Jesse Grant and Hannah Simpson Grant, arrived in their home at Point Pleasant, a small town on the Ohio river, 25 miles east of Cincinnati. History has recorded that for six weeks this first born was without a name because his parents could not agree upon one. Finally it was decided to let chance decide the question, so the assembled relatives and friends took slips of paper, wrote their choices upon them and somebody drew one. That name was Ulysses and the person who ha’d written it was Grandmother Simpson. Latbr—nobody knows who—tacked Hiram on in front of Ulysses, evidently believing that this virile Biblical name (it means “most noble”) was more appropriate for the son of a pioneer than was the Greek Ulysses (it means “a hater”). But little Hiram Ulysses’ mother preferred the second part of the name, which she called “Lyss” for short and as Lyss Grant he started out in life. When Lyss was a year old the family moved to Georgetown. Ohio, and there the boy grew up into a bashful youth who was looked upon by the other boys as something of a dullard and a weakling. So perhaps it was inevitable that he was to “be known in Georgetown as “Useless” Grant. When he reached the age of seventeen his father. finding that the boy had no desire to follow in his footsteps as a tanner, decided to try to get him appointed to West Point. He took the matter up with the congressman of his district, Thomas L. Hamer, and Hamer made the appointment. ’ At this point another name was tacked on to the unfortunate Grant. Hamer knew his name was Ulysses but could Tot remember what his other name was. Remembering, however, that Jesse Grant had married Hannah Simpson, he wrote out the name Ulysses Simpson Grant and sent it to the War department as his choice for a vacancy At West Point. When young Grant got ready to start for West Point the village carpenter made a trunk for him and as a finishing towh put on it in brass tacks the initials H. U. G. (for Hiram Ulysses Grant). When Grant saw this he immediately visualized the nickname which the cadets would be certain to bestow upon him. “Useless” was bad enough, but “Hug” would be w*orse, so he pulled out the tacks, and tn order to avoid any possibility of a repetition of that embarrassment he transposed his two given names. So we find him registering at the hotel as U. H. Grant (they will show you that page from the register if you go there today) When on May 29, 1839, he presented himself to the adjutant of the military academy and signed his name in full on the adjutant’s register as Ulysses Hiram "Grant another difficulty arose. The adjutant said that he was expecting a “Ulysses Simpson” Grant (that was the work of Congressman Hamer) and here was “Ulysses Hiram” Grant applying for admission. It was such things as this which produced the endless yards of red tape which have characterized the work of the

Father Abraham Wise in Leaving Ur

The diggers, comments the Montreal Star, have uncovered the city of Ur, the place Father Abraham left because he felt the need of expansion. Ur, it appears, had a luxurious civilization and the women wore hair nets. The hair nets may have bad something to do with Abraham’s moving on to wider fields. To a man with the pioneer spirit hair nets for women must have looked like the last word

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Pictures, Courtesy United States Military Academy War department from its beginning and the adjutant declared that the papers would have to go back to Washington to have the name changed. But the young cadet, with the simple directness which was to characterize his future career, cut through the red tape without the slightest hesitation. He decided then and there to take the name “Ulysses Simpson” and be done .vith it. Grant’s life as a cadet forms one of the .most Interesting parts of a new biography of the great Civil war leader. It is “Meet General Grant." by W. E. Woodward, published by Horace Liveright of New York, and in the chapter headed “The Unwilling Soldier," Woodward tells how Grant came to West Point as follows: Gray-coated cadets loiter about the bulletin board of the academy guard room. Slim young fellows, their movements graceful and fluid, they are living in a time-dimension that contains neither age nor youth. Their fresh contours have not been eroded to sharpness by the disillusion of life. Though they have ceased to be boys they have not yet become men. Their existence is happily suspended between ambition and achievement. They laugh a lot, for they are still to learn that ambition and achievement never meet. In the throng is a vivacious youth named Sherman, slender, redhaired and blue-eyed. The world is to hear of him; and, after he has departed, his image in bronze will sit on a bronze horse and stare pensively through the changing years at the flood of new generation? in New York’s Fifth avenue. But on that day his metal steed was far away in the incredible future. He was simply young Sherman—called Bill—full of good nature and likeable traits. He had queer ideas and a whimsical mind. His finger runs down the list of new cadets on the bulletin board and stops at “U. S. Grant.” “Here’s U. S. Grant,” he calls out, “U. S. yes, that’s what it says. What do you suppose the U. S. part of it stands for?” “For United States’” somebody shouts. “That’s what U. S. stands for. We’re going to have a fellow here named after this great big United States.” “No, it doesn’t," comes another voice from the crowd. “There isn’t anybody named United States. It can't be " “Well, it’s Uncle, Sam,” another cadet insists. “Uncle Sam Grant. That’s what he is—the grandson of our good old Uncle Sam.” When Grant arrived at the academy he found himself already named. He was “Sam” Grant. No matter how he protested; and he did not protest much. The name “Ulysses” was never heard at West Point and does not appear when Grant is mentioned in the reminiscences of his classmates. They all knew him as Sant. Despite Woodward’s description of the scene of Grant’s entrance upon his military career the apparent logical explanation of how Grant became known as “U. S.” instead of “U. H.”, the fact remains that two years after he had entered the academy he was signing his name U. H. Grant. At least, that is the signature on the back of a drawing made by Grant in 1841 as a part of his academic work, still preserved at West Point. But the most interesting paradox of all is the fact that this man who was destined to become one of the greatest generals, in American history had a profound distaste for military life as Woodward's chapter heading “The Unwilling Soldier” Implies. In- regard to this Woodward observes: To those who attended the shrine of Mars, he seemed a very unmilitary figure, not only on his first day but for many months thereafter. His shoulders had a noticeable stoop—the result of his back-bending labor as a child; and he walked with the high-stepping clomp-clomp of a farmer on newly plowed ground. One of his fellow cadets recollected him as “unique appearing.” Another said they all thought him “countrified.” To many of them he seemed an obvious misfit. They kept him in the awkward squad for months, and after a time he succeeded in adjusting himself crudely to his environment . . . thought he continued tor four years to be something of a trial to- the tactical officers. The fact is that he possessed’ no native talent for soldiering—and he did not like the military profession. The moulding force of West Point had to struggle here with raw material that was not adapted to its processes, and the effort was somewhat like that of trying to make an automobile engineer out of a man who wants to be a physician. Near the close of his life, after he had become West Point’s most distinguished son, he wrote that when he entered the academy he had little hope of ever getting through the course: and he had expected, if he did graduate, to resign from the army and try to get a place as a professor of mathematics in some small college. Even more remarkable, in view of his latter ’ fame as a general, is Grant’s own testimony of his dislike for military life. During his first year as a cadet there was a bill in congress to abolish the academy because the opponents of military education declared that West Point was a breeding ground for snobbishness, that It was inefficient as a school and that keeping it up was simply a waste of money. Grant has told how he looked at the newspapers every day. hoping that the bill had passed. “It never passed,” he. adds, “and a

in superfluous expenditure, especially if, as was the custom among the patriarchs, be had a number of wives all of whom would want hair nets. At all events Abraham decided to get out of the hair net district and so he embarked on the great adventure which persists to this day. It may be news to Abraham that ten of the tribes—that posterity numberless as the sands of the desert—were lost,

even more completely lost than the city of Ur, which has just been unearthed after 6,000 years in the grave, but the other ten tribes found themselves on their feet wherever they fetched up and are now among the solidest citizenry of the world. Abraham will be glad to hear this. He made no mistake in leaving Ur, the hair net city. In vain was the hair net spread in the sight of the victim. Abraham was too wise to be taken in that snare. He took himself and his daughters and his wives and his Hold-

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL, SYRACUSE. INDIANA

C .. X s , Sy-— x x C . / it y . Jt r of - I *.# . . < T- .■& s . . s ~. ■, — 0 s . V . Os - . ' or '"S' year later, although time hung drearily with me, I would have been sorry to have seen it succeed.” Woodward quotes a letter which Grant wrote to his cousin, in which he declared that he was very fond of West Point ami enjkxved the life there, a statement which the biographer doubts seriously. Os this letter Woodward says, “it is wholly out of tune with Grant's direct, sledge-hammer character —and stands as a horribly example of what rhetoric may do for a simple-hearted plowboy” and adds “Poor homesick boy! Writing bravely of the delights of West Point to keep up his courage . . . and scanning the newspapers in hope that congress has put an end to the whole affair.” At the end of his first year as a cadet, no one was surprised when his name did not a[>pear among those who were appointed as corporals. But every one was surprised when the commandant made Grant a sergeant at the beginning of his third year and the appointment was made the subject of considerable joking. The other cadets said that Sam Grant was made a sergeant because he could not keep step. As a sergeant he would march among the file closers and in that position he could not throw the column out of step with his stumbling. That their joking was more or less justified was shown by the fact that he did not make good as a sergeant. At least, he was passed over in the list of captains and lieutenants at the end of the third year and during his last year he served as a private Graduation from the academy meant simply another frustration, in a life of many frustrations, and an apparent failure for Grant. There was just one thing In which he had excelled all others while he was a cadet and that was in horsemanship. So when he was graduated he had hoped to get a commission in the cavalry. Rut . he was told that there was no vacancy in that arm of the service, so “the finest horseman at West Point” had to be content with a commission in the infantry and as a second lieutenant in the Fourth infantry he went to Jefferson Barracks near St. Louis. One other frustrated hope occurred at this time. Next to his horsemanship his ability in mathematics had been about the only note of distinction in an otherwise insignificant career at the military academy. So he applied for a position as teacher of mathematics at West Point and was told that there was no opening at that time. He was promised a place when next a vacancy occurred. But it never did occur, so far as Grant was concerned. Perhaps it was just as well, for as Woodward has said, “He would have been a failure as a teacher. Without the charm of personality which every successful teacher must possess, his work would have become before long an ineffective drudgery. Undistinguished and unpromoted, he would have gone laboring on for years—and then the world would have heard no more of him.’’ Fate had something different in store for him than a return to “these gray walls” as a teacher of figures. It was to lead him through nearly a score of years of adversity and apparent failure before promising him any measure of success. Then his fellow cadets who had jokingly translated “U. S. Grant” as “Uncle Sam Grant” were to see nation thrilled by its tranlatlon into “Unconditional Surrender Grant” and a few years later West Point was to welcome “Cadet U. H. Grant” back as general of the army and President of the United States, the only graduate it has ever had to hold both of those positions.

servants out of the reach of temptation. His sons,* having families of their own, shared Abraham’s dislike of hair nets and needed no arguments to emigrate. In the light of history, we repeat that Abraham made no mistake in leaving Ur. And even if he did, to Ur Is human, to forgive divine.—Washington Post. The ground in the interior country of Alaska sometime? freezes to unknown depths.

Right Treatment Saves Fence Posts

Will Resist Decay for Periods of Twenty Years If Attended to. “IVhen properly treated, even the most i>erishable woods can be made to resist decay for periods of twenty years or more," ITof. C. H. Guise stated at Cornell’s farm and home week at Ithaca. “There are but few kinds of wood which cannot be treated witii considerable profit, provided the correct procedure is followed. " “It is unfortunate.” Professor Guise continuevl, “that some have the idea that treatment merely consists of [minting the wood with some preservative like coal tar creosote. At the outset it cannot be stated too strongly that unless thorough Irehtment is ’o be given, very little value will result. The details of correct treatment for farm limbers are few, and easily understood but they must be given careful attention.’ Last Twenty Years. “From actual exi>eriments started -twelve years ago at the New York state college of agriculture, of posts treated by the hot and cold bath method. 95 per rent are still in service and thoroughly sound. On the basis of their present condition, these [>osts sffimld easily last twenty years if not longer. The species treated were beech, red oak. elm, hemlock, basswood, white ash. and other common woodlot si>e<*ies. all of which are wood classed as nondurable, with the possible exception of the hemlock." Professor Guise gave the results of varying kinds of treatment. Os those feneeposts untreated 22 per cent remain, after 12 years of service; of those merely brushed 30 per cent remain ; of those only dipped 41 per ~,-ent are left: while those which were given the hot and cold bath 95 per cent are still in good condition. Professor Guise added that if it were not for hemlock, which has been giving excellent service with the untreated, brushed, and dipped posts, the percentage of those remaining would be much lower. Expense Justified. In the matter of cost. Professor Guise stated that the expense of a thorough creosote treatment is clearly justified when nondurable species are being used. As to the use of untrated chestnut in comparison with i treated nondurable species, there is little choice. He said that it prob ably dt>es not pay to treat black locust and red cedar, the most durable of the native woods. For these a life of twenty-five to forty years is not uncommon. Professor Guise gave a comparison of costs of treated and untreated posts. For the untreated post of nondurable species the total fost in place is $.22. its estimated life is five years.

SPECIAL CARE ESSENTIAL WHEN TRANSPLANTING ANY GARDEN BUE

Plants to Be Used Should Be Strong and Stocky. Young plants grown from seed cuttings or layers need special care in their handling after the have Seen made, warns A. J. Schoth. crop specialist at the Kansas State Agricultural college. in general, transplanting is more desirable. according to Schoth. in those groups where the product of the individual plant is of considerable value or where there is a good premium on earliness. “It doesn’t pay to spend very much time with beets or with onions,” Schoth says, “as with egg plants or cabbage because the latter is worth so much more per product. Plants with a large development of fibrous roots and a compact root system as cabbage and tomatoes, suffer less tn transplanting than those in which the root system consists of long fibers or a single tap root as in case of tong beets. “Plants must be so handled that they will not suffer from lack of moisture during or shortly following transplanting. “Plants for transplanting should be strong and stocky., Small, spindly plants require a long time for development. Plants grown in the hot house or hot beds should be "hardened oft’ before transplanting into the open. This is done by curtailing the water and lowering the temperature. “Keep the plants from suffering from lack of moisture by thorough watering a few hours before they are removed from the seed bed. by transplanting as soon as possible and by protecting the plants during transplanting. This can' be done by sub- ' -—— r Selection of Dairy Cow Is of Much Importance Discussing the selection of a dairy cow in relation to pedigree, an expert says that the most important point to stidy was the production of the dam. How much milk had she given? VMiat was her butterfat percentage? Length of lactation was inherited, »nd should always be considered when the only statement concerning the dam was that she gave dve gal*t>ns a day. or merely “the full of two pails.” The only other animal in the pedigree that warranted close examination in regard to productivity was the dam of the sire of the heifer they were thinking of buying. Statistical analysis as well as the experiences of practical men seemed to justify them in looking no farther, tor these two—the dam on the one side and the paternal grand-dam on the other-t-re-fleeted the productivity of the remaining ancestors. Milk yield, however, must always be considered in relation to environment. ””

its annual cost $.044. For the nondurable species treated, the total cost in place is $.38. If it lasts 15 years the yearly cost is $.025; if it lives 20 years the annual cost is $.019. Anthracnose of Grapes Becoming More Common Grape anthracnose, or frequently spoken of as bird’s-eye rot. is becoming more common. All green parts of the vines may be attacked but the disease occurs most commonly on the shoots or berries or grapes. On the shoots small cankers are produced, brown in color, rather depressed in the center and raised at the border. The spot enlarges and becomes* longer, in the direction of the main axis and in the later stages the center becomes more depressed and turns grayish. On the berry or grape the anthracnose has an appearance of a bird's eye. hence the name of bird’s-eye spots or bird’s-eye rot. The lesions first appear as small, dark-brown areas; later the color is grayish in the center where the cuticle is rup tured. but the border remains dark. The spots increase In size but instead of elongating as they do on the canes they remain somewhat circular. Between the gray center and the dark border is a well-defined band of bright red. thus similar to a bird’s eye. Fertile Loamy Soil Is Best for Spinach Crop Spinach cannot be grown on poor land. A fertile loamy soil is best with a good application of fertilizer applied before the crop is planted. The rows should be 15 to 18 inches apart,' or another method of planting is to sow 10-inch drills or beds that are 4 to 7 feet wide. The latter is the method employed by the commercial growers in the Norfolk (Va.) section. The land should be plowed several weeks before sowing, as fresh plowed ground would be too dry. A good place is where an early crop of vegetables were grown. Harrow the ground just before sowing to kill all the grass and weeds. Apply about 1.200 pounds fertilizer per acre. A good mixture is one containing 7 per cent nitrogen. 7 per cent phosphoric acid and 5 per cent potash, with a top dressing of 200 to 300 pounds nitrate of soda per acre after the plants come up. Where blight is prevalent Virginia Savoy, a blight-resistant variety should be sown. Corn for Silage Most feeders of silage prefer to have the corn rather mature before putting it In the silo. It keeps better. It is less likely to be acid or moldy. It has a higher feed value when the ears are in the dent. One Is feeding less water.

merging the roots in a bucket of water. by sprinkling the plants, by covering the plants with a damp cloth or sack or by protecting the roots with soil.” concluded Mr. Schoth. Increased Production on Early Summer Pastures As most cows increase production on early summer pasture, it should be the aim to introduce feeding practices which will compare favorably with early pastures. Let us analyze conditions and find out why this is possible. Aside from the grass, the cow has comfortable surroundings and plenty of fresh air. sunlight, and exercise while on pasture. The barns, therefore, should be built with plenty of window space, good ventilation, and comfortable stanchions. In addition. pasture provides food which is succulent, palatable, bulky, nutritious, sufficiently laxative, and of good variety. | Farm Notes | Calcium arsenate is a good poison for chewing insects. • * • A fine. deep, mellow seedbed is the first requisite in growing good early vegetables. •• • i Plant a bed of lettuce in a coldframe or some protected spot to make plants to set in early;. • a • In starting Bermuda grass pastures prepare the land as for corn. Plant pieces of sod 2 feet apart, in furrows. 4 feet apart. • • « Shade applies to cows as well as to their youngsters, and what a difference it makes in the weight of the milk pail after milking! • ♦ • The use of sweet clover as a pasture crop makes possible the supply* | ing of large amounts of home-grown’ protein during the summer months. • • • The growing of legume crops such as alfalfa and soy beans makes possible the economical production of a large proportion of the protein needed by dairy cows. • • • Soy beans, from which the oil has I been extracted, is spoken of as soy bean oil meal. It is higher tn digestible protein than the seed before the oil has been extracted. • • • As milk contains ST per cent water this is the cheapest feed supplied to the dairy cow. A cow should receive approximately three pounds of water for every pound of milk. In cold weather remove the chill from the water before feeding. This, however, is taken care of where the cows* have individual drinking cups.

Around M PREVENT WORMY APPLES BY SPRAY Use Arsenate of Lead After Petals Begin to Fall. To a codling moth—which is a soft gray little butterfly-like thing—an apple tree has just one use. And that is as a convenience for raising some more codling moths. Your rights in the matter as owner of the tree count for nothing with this narrow-® minded pest. It is given up wholly to the idea that the world should be filled with codling moths. And unless you get out your spray-rig at the right time this mania will likely be carried far enough to ruin your chances of nice sound apples. For every fodling moth that comes along about the ‘time the blossoms fall will lay eggs on the tiny little apples that are just forming. An-l from these the well-known apple worms are hatched—they in turn to .become other moths tv- lay more etres to make more ninths and so on until, if a person didn't step in and gum the game up. he wouldn't have an apple fit to eat. You do this and save your apple* by spraying with arsenate of lead, just after the petals begin to fallbefore that, you'll poison the bees which are among your best friends, without doing any* more gotjd The arsenate of lead should be used at the rat? of a pound and a quarter to fifty gallons of water. Get it all over the tree—in a fine mist. And don't wait any later than the fall of the 1 petals, for then the tiny apple„en is close np with the worm inside safe from the poison. , There are other fruit troubles of a fungous nature—blights and rots—which also begin to develop at this season. To halt these you add Htne sulphur to the arsenate of lead. You can buy the prepared form, and this is handiest ami just as cheap as making it. es[>ecially for a small orchanl. It comes either in liquid or powder—■ of the former add a gallon and a half to each fifty gallons of tbe spray mixture. and of the latter add four pounds to the same amount. Immature Twigs Are Too \ Weak as Scaffold Limbs One-year-old trees of some kinds, such as the apple and fig, have the form of a straight whip, in which case it is only necessary to remove the top at the desired point. However, trees like the peach, apricot and plum usually have several small, side branches below the point where the top is removed, which must be considered. The mistake is sometimes made of cutting the longer of such branches back four to five inches from the trunk in an effort to force them in’o scaffold limbs or of removing them entirely close to the trunk. In the first case, such immature twigs are too weak to form the basis for scaffold limbs. Though one or two may be sufficiently heavy for this purpose, this,number alone would make an unbalanced tree. In the second case, if the twigs are cut, close to the trunk, basal buds are destroyed which maybe needed later for the development es scaffold limbs. Vineyard Location Has Lot to Do With Grapes The location of a vineyard often has a lot to do with the quantity of the grapes [►roduced. In a hilly country lew spots should be avoided. I»e---fttuse they do not provide either the air or the water drainage that is necessary. Pick out the high spots, and the vineyards will not be so apt to suffer 'from frost damage. In level sections this point is not so marke<l, but even there the higher spots are more desirable. Near large bodies of water the temperature does not change rapidly ami such sections are usually well adapted to frnit growing because of less dam-, age from late frosts tn the spring, and. early frosts in the fall. Horticultural Notes The voting pear trees need pruning quite similar to that of the apple. to ♦ • Give your fruit trees a dormant spray of lime sulphur before the buds begin to swell. Prune back the tops of young fruit trees at the time of planting, the degree of pruning differing with the character and habit ol growth of the species. • • • • Summer pruning »s sometimes practiced in vineyards where the growth is rather heavy. The object of such pruning seems to be the removal of growth that would inrerfere with cultivation. • • • It is a pleasing sight as well as a financial asset for the grower to have an orchanl of uniform. pro[»erly head-’ ed trees. This can be obtained only bv purchasing young, vigorous trees, which "ill allow the height of head to be regulated according to a fixed standard. * * • Summer pruning Is su[»posed to cause apple trees to come into bearing earlier, but does not always give uniform and satisfactory results on all varieties. The benefits will depend largely upon the variety. Peach trees may be sprayed any, time on mild days with 1-10 lime sulphur to control the leaf curl One of the principal reasons for failure to control this disease is because orchardists wait too long in the spring. After the buds start to swell it is too lat*' 4