The Syracuse Journal, Volume 20, Number 47, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 21 March 1929 — Page 2

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4 BY ELMO SCOTT WATSON

N JANUARY 13, press dispatches from 0 Los Angeles carried the news that 1 “Wyatt Earp, seventy-eight, gun-toting I peace officer of Dodge City, Kan., and ' Tombstone, Ariz., in frontier days, whose colorful career led him through a dozen fatal conflicts with ‘bad men’ of the Old West, died here today.” That brief anhouncement recalled for a moment a real “Wild West” period in American history, when there took place events in which the bare

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chronicles of fact reads like the fervent and exaggerated fiction of the dime novelist. And the story of those times seems all the more remarkaide when one realizes tlurt they were less than fifty years ago and that there are many men still living who had a part in the stirring events of what now seems like a far-off and dimly-remem-bered era. Os course, the number of such men is being rapidly reduced and the galaxy of real “frontier notables’’ is now so small that they can almost be counted on the fingers of one hand. But in the counting there is one name which stands out prominently. That is the name of Col. William Breakenridge. a contemporary of Wyatt Earp in the Tombstone (Ariz.) episode of the real Wild West period, and the passing of Wyatt Earp only serves to emphasizes the importance of “Colonel Billy’’ as the sole remaining figure of outstanding prominence in that episode. Not only was he important as an actor in the drama of those stirring (lays in Arizona, but he is even more impb.tnnt as a chronicler of thos? days. Fortunately for,the future historian the,story of Tombstone has been set down by one who was there in the heyday of that lively place. If the old Nevada mining town was famous as “b-a-d, b-a-d Bodie’’ and the old Kansas cow town was known far and wide as “wicked Dodge.’’ what would be the most appropriate nickname so this Arizona cow-and-mining town of Tombstone whose record was In some respects even more sensational than either of the others? ?erhaps the name of “Colonel Billy’s” book, which was recently published by the Houghton Mifflin company, is the best answer. It is “Helldorado” with the subtitle of “Bringing the Law to the Mesquite.” If “Helldorado” were the chronicle of Breakenridge’s career as a deputy sheriff in Tombstone only, it would be interesting and exciting enough. But it is the record of his life for more than half a century in the West and to read “Helldorado” Is to call the roll of a long list of famous frontier names. For the saga of “Colonel Billy” began during the second year of the Civil war when he ran away from his home in Wisconsin (he was then twelve years old) to work in the quartermaster’s department of the Union army and soon afterwards found himself engaged in f-eighting supplies for the army in Missouri. After a few months of that we next find him crossing the plains to Denver with a freighter outfit and on this trip he made acquaintance with the first of the “frontier notables” he was to know. “When we Jack Morrow's ranch at the mouth of the North Platte river, ’ writes Breakenridge. “I saw Bill Cody, or ‘Buffalo Bill’ for the first time. I thought he was the handsomest man pl had ever seen.” After several trips across the plains Breckenridge enlisted in the Third Colorado cavalry which was called to service by Gov. John Evans of Colorado to take the field against the Indians who had been committing depredations on the isolated ranches and among the immigrants coming into the country. As a member of this outfit young Billy met some more “frontier notables.” chief o’ whom were Old Jim Beckworth, the famous mulatto who became a chief among the Crow Indians, and Antoine Oenise, who served as guides for the regiment which was commanded by Colonel Chivington. “They taught me a lot about scouting and the ways and habits of Indians.” says Breakenridge. Cons lering the controversy which has rain <1 for j over the battle of Sand’ Creek when Colonel Chivington surprised and destroyed the camp of Chief Black Kettle of the (’heyent.es, it Is rather remarkable that Breakenridge dismisses ' his part in this famous engagement with a few brief paragraphs. Perhaps the fact that he has other and more stirring events to write about accounts for that. For the next few years he was busy as a government freighter between army posts in Wyoming, Colorado and Nebraska and having many narrow escapes from death at the hands of the Indians. Next he became a builder of railroads, working for his biother who had the contract for building the roadbed of the Union Pacific which was then pushing west through Wyoming and he was rt&sont on the historic occasion when the Central Pacific a’’a the Union Pacific lines met at Promontory, Utah, on May JO, 18Gt» and the golden spike was driven to signalize the completion of the first transcontinental railroad. Next we find young Billy tn Denver tn the employ of Gen. William J. Palmer as a surveyor for the Denver and Rio Grande which was then

Varieties of Spiders Have Communal Nests

Spine spiders live in large colonies In close intimacy not only with spiders of different species, but with other insects. In Mexico in regions at an altitude of 2,500 yards, spiders are found that live in societies and con struct common nests of large dimen sions like the nests of ants and bees. The nests are in great demand among the natives of the country, who take fragments of them and bang them

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being built from Denver to Colorado Springs. It is also interesting to note that at one time he was a “tourist driver” in Colorado Springs. And one of the passengers whom he drove from Colorado Springs to Manitou was a “good looking young stranger who begpn to tell me what a wonderful man his father was, how many railroads he owned, what finei horses he had. ‘By the way,’ I said, ‘who is your father?’ He spoke up with a good deal of emphasis, ‘Cornelius Vanderbilt.’ I told him I had never heard of him, and the more the young fellow tried to tell me who he was. the denser I got, till at last he realized that I was kidding him.” Eventually he got a job with a freighting outfit which took him down into Arizona and there in US7S the career which was to make him famous befian. After working for a time as a freighter and surveyor he finally landed in Phoenix, then a small village, and soon afterward was appointed a deputy sheriff. His first job was to arrest a murderer, which he did without any trouble, and lodked him up in the town jail. But while the sheriff and his deputy were out of town “a number of citizens met at the mill and formed a vigilance committee. About ten o’clock that morning the committee went to the jail and took two murderers out and hanged them to the cottonwood tree in front of the town hall. They took twjo lumber wagons, placed a board across the wagon box at the rear end and had the murderers stand on the board with the nooses around their necks and the other end of the rope fastened toj the limb of the cottonwood tree. The first man to be hanged either fainted or the noose was too tight. He sank down on the rope and as there whs very little slack, his neck was not broken; •site just strangled. The other man. just as the team started to drive from under him, jumped as high as he could and his neck was broken. Everything was very quiet when some one in the crow’d spoke up, “Why the son-of-a-gun must of been hanged before; he knew just how to do it!” In 1879 Breakenridge arrived in Tombstone and spent an unsuccessful season as s prospector. Os Tombstone at that time he writes: The interesting period in Tombstone was during the fall of 1879 and the early eighties. In those few years Tombstone was born a mining town, lived a mining town and died a mining town. Like all mining towns in their beginning, money came easy and went easy, all kinds of men and women flocked there and it was soon a lively camp. It is claimed by many that Alfred Henry Lewis, who was in Tombstone in later days getting material for his story “Wolfville," placed Wolfville at Tombstone and Red Dog at Charleston. The rich Tombstone mines brought bad men from all parts of the West into the valleys of the San Simon, Sulphur Spring, and San Pedro rivers, where stage robbers, outlaws and cattle thieves found refuge, but for al) of that, Tombstone was an orderly, lawabiding town. What little killing was done there was done among the lawless element themselves. This element was very much in the minority and during the five years 1 lived there 1 never heard of a house being robbed or anyone being held up in the city, and it was perfectly safe for any lady or gentleman to pass along the streets day or night without being molested. Despite this picture of a peaceful village, as painted by Colonel Billy, which contrasts so favorably with the conditions in some of the larger cities of the present day, the fact still remains that when the lawless element did do a bit of killing among themselves Tombstone was far from a quiet place. For when “Colonel Billy” went to that town he could stroll down the only street in it and pass no less than forty men who had the right to cut one or more notches on their guns. Conspicuous among them were the following, all of whose names are famous in frontier history: Bat Masterson, Doc Holliday, the Earp brothers—Wyatt, Virgil, Morgan and Warren—, Luke Short (all of whom had won their spurs

about their rooms as traps for flies and mosquitoes. The nests are surrounded with threads that serve as hiding pitices in which the spiders lie in wait for their prey. All the Insects caught are used as food for the colony. In the nests, which the spiders never leave for any reason or under any . circumstances, are piled heaps of flies, yet the nests are kept with the ut-

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL, SYRACUSE, INDIANA

most cleanliness. The public hygiene of the colony is looked after by a small creature treated with scrupulous respect by all the spiders. This infinitesimal being does for spider communities what the blind white wood louse does for ants. It is of the family of the Latricldes; it lives In the common nest with al) ' the spiders, nourishing itself on everything rejected and cast off by them.—Washington Star. • ’ Empty talk is easily recognized.

as “bad men to fool with” in the roaring days of Dodge City). John Ringo, Dave Nagle, Billy Clay- ! bourn. Charlie Storms, Frank Leslie and Dick i Lloyd. In addition to the gunmen, most of whom were gamblers, the country was full of rustlers and stage robbers, and when young Billy Breaken- , ridge was appointed a deputy sheriff by Sheriff John Behan he found that the business of “bringing the law to the mesquite” was one which offered innumerable chances for sudden death for those who attempted the job. But if ever there was a man fitted for that job, it was young Billy Breakenridge. and the record which he made as a peace officer is one of the most remarkable in frontier history. He did not make it with a blazing six-shooter, for that was not his way. He “got his man” invariably, but he did it by peaceable means. Take the case of the man who stabbed and killed Johnny Leßar, after Johnny had refused to sell him another drink and ordered him out of his saloon. Deputy Breakenridge was sent to bring in the murderer. “Better take a posse,” they told him.“ Shucks, no!” replied Billy, for as he explains in his book. “I never liked to take a posse with me—most always I can handle things better myself.” So he set out alone, found the murderer and told him he’d better come along. When the man failed to see it that way, Billy argued with him that it wasn’t much good to wait and be chased all over the country and maybe die of starvation out on the desert. So the murderer walked peacefully to jail and Deputy Billy “got another man” with no gunplay. Then there was the time when he was sent to collect the taxes on the personal property in the valleys and mountains east of Tombstone. This was in the very heart of the outlaws’ country and it was easy to guess that the rustlers, stagerobbers and others “outside the law” would not care particularly for paying taxes to support the law which they consistently defied. But “Billy Breakenridge’s way” was to go straightway to Curly Bill, the most notorious outlaw in that section of the country. I told him I wanted to hire him to go with me as a deputy assessor and help me collect the taxes, as I was afraid I might be held up and my tax money taken from me if I went alone. The idea of my asking the chief of all the cattle rustlers in that part of the country to help me collect taxes from them struck him as a good joke. He thought it over for a few moments and then, laughing, said: “Yes, and we will make every one of those blank blank cow thieves pay his taxes." Next day we started and he led me into a lot of blind canyons and hiding places where the rustlers had a lot of. stolen Mexican cattle, and introduced me something like this: “Boys, this is the county assessor, and 1 am his deputy. We are all good, law-abiding-citizens here and we cannot run the country without we pay taxes.” He knew about how many cattle they each had, and if they demurred, or claimed they had nr. money, he made them give me an order on their banker Turner. Curly had many a hearty laugh about it. He told them that if any of them should , get arrested, it would be a good thing for them to sh(Kv that they were taxpayers in the county. The result was that Breakenridge and his “deputy” collected nearly a thousand dollars in tax money with which Breakenridge arrived safely in Tombstone and he confesses that be was “much relieved when 1 did so.” Several historians have told in detail of other similar feats of Breakenridge as a deputy sheriff which for sheer cool-headed nerve are not excelled in western history. But you will firm no intimation of that in his book unless you read between the lines of his straightforward, modest narrative. His attitude is that “it was all in the day’s work.” Like all true heroes, he was not given to heroics. He did his job simply and he tells of it in the same manner.

Luck** Other Name Julius Rosenwald, Chicago capitalist. said modestly on his sixty-fifth birthday that he imputed his success to luck. “I’m convinced." he went on. “that it’s luck, or opportunity—the same thing—that makes our Rockefellers.” Then Mr. Rosenwald laughed and ended: “Os course a great many men fall to recognize opportunity because she is always disguised as hard work.”

Road Problem Is Yet Troublesome

There Must Be Cooperation of Authorities in Charge of Highways. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Before much definite progress can be made in getting the farmer out of the mud and in getting the city man out of the city on week ends, there must he co-ordination and co-operation of authorities in charge of local roads and highways in areas adjacent to large cities, according to the bureau of public roads of th • United States Department of Agriculture. There are approximately 2.750.000 miles of local rural n-ads in the United States, say bureau engineers, and approximately I,OO(>.(MNi miles are administered by town or township authorities. There are. they say. 3.0G6 counties or equivalent subdivisions, of which 67 in the New England states have no relation to improvement or maintenance of roads. Authorities of the remaining 2.99!> exercise jurisdiction over the 1.750.0tM» miles of local roads classified as county roads. > Control Construction. Only 975 of the 2.999 counties have control over construction and maintenance which may be described as reasonably competent, according to the bureau, and there are 829 counties which have no definite organization whatever for the maintenance of roads, and iri which the work is of the most casual and inefficient nature. “The county or township unit is generally so small and its taxing power so limited.” says tnese federal road authorities, “as to preclude overhead costs for propel supervision of and equipment for rotid work. If adequate equipment is provided, the area is generally so .small, and the mileage so limited that it cannot be employed full time. Control Limited. “In many counties control is limited to a single engineer who. in many cases, is poorly paid and is inexperienced or relatively incompetent. Only the" larger or richer counties have sufficient income to employ competent engineers Also elective local authorities seldom have the qualifications necessary for highway administration. There is a tendency for them to permit con siderations other than the requirements of traffic and other properly controlling conditions to influence their administ ration. “The outward movement of population in metropolitan areas has caused

SWEET POTATO DISEASES LIMIT EXTENSION OF VALUABLE CROP

Use of Immune Varieties Is Urged. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Much more profit could be realized from the growing of sweet potatoes than is now made if diseases in the field, storage, and transit were reduced. The inability of farmers to keep sweet potatoes in storage forces them to sell the bulk of their crop as soon as it is dug, a time when prices are at the low point. Specialists of the United States Department o. Agriculture are of the opinion that more sweet potatoes would be available for winter use and disposed of at a good price if storage methods and principles were better understood. In Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1059-F, “Sweet-Potato Diseases.” just issued by the department, sweet-potato growers will find much information of value concerning the prevention and control of storage and other diseases of th?ir crop. Disinfection of the seed, use of immune varieties, and crop rotation are some of the practices advocated for the control of disease. Sweet potatoes infected with field diseases sliotild never be placed in storage, fqr heavy losses will follow. Numerous diseases are described in tlie bulletin, together with practical measures to adopt in reducing losses therefrom. A copy of the bulletin may be secured from the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington. D. C. Crossbred Sheep Used for Producing Mutton Hampshire bucks crossed with grade Rambouillet ewes are being used to produce market lambs in Colorado, according to Charles I. Bray of the animal husbandry department of the Colorado College of Agriculture. A cross which Mr. Bray suggests is that of a long wool buck on a fine wool ewe. This cross has been used by some Breeding Ducks Must Be Given Variety of Feeds For early hatching five ducks may be mated to one drake. After April Ist, six or eight ducks to one drake will not be too many. Duck eggs require 28 days to hatch, except the Muscovy breed, which requires 33 to 35 days. In handling ducks pick them up by their necks rather than the legs. Their legs are easily broken. Ducks lay early in the morning and should be kept in the house until they do—or till about 9:30 o’clock. If let out before laying, they are more than liable to drop their eggs in ponds or streams. Pekin and Runner breeds of ducks rarely set. Breeding ducks must be well fed. Besides whole grain, they should have a wet mash of wheat middlings, ground corn and oats and wheat bran, with about one part of meat scrap to seven parts of tbe other feeds used in the mash. Oyster shell, or ground limestone, and sand, should be kept before them always.

a rapid growth of suburban sections. Generally, each of these urban units has partial jurisdiction over sections of the county highways within its borders. and the lack of a common plan has been a serious obstacle to continuous and consistent improvement of main highways. This condition, coupled with the rapid increase in traffic has resulted in serious congestion.” In these areas, says the bureau, land values are higher and with the concentration of population more and better highways can be supported. Keeping Records on the Poultry Business Best Many farmers feel that poultry keeping i just a side line to be watched over and cared for by the women on the farm and as a consequence they pay very little attention to keeping an account of the income and expenditures involved in the management of the poultry flock. Often this condition exists even though the flock may be getting the best of care and may he receiving a very well-bal-anced ration. Such a feeling should not exist, however. Poultry flocks are one of the big sources of farm income. Furthermore. they furnish, under proper management, a very steady income from week to week throughout the 12 months of the year. It would he an easy matter to keep a record of this income, and in many instances this is often the poultry flock bookkeeping ceases with the record of the income and does not-lake into account the cost of keeping the flock. Brooder House Needed Now for Young Chicks Probably no building is more needed right now than a new brooder house. One of the chief sources of loss of baby chicks comes from lack of proper brooding facilities, and a good brooder house will very nearly pay its cost in the first season. A brooder house is not a complicated structure. A simple shed type is common, but it must be built with a warm floor, tight, warm walls and a tight rot f. The use of good heavy building papet on the inside walls will stop all possibility of cracks, and will make it easier to maintain an even temperature. Bear in mind that in cold weather 60 per cent of the heat of a building is lost through the roof. Therefore, use an extra layer of build ing paper or one thickness of heavy wallboard under the roof.

sheep growers of the other range states and gives a sheep with a good mutton body, fine quality of fleece and plenty of size. In making this kind of a cross. Romneys. Lincolns and Cotswolds are used most frequently! By crossing a. Romney Marsh buck with the ewes, a fine type of lamb was produced, according i to the experiments of the Colorado ! College of Agriculture. The Romrey \ is a little blockier than other long wo(: breeds and has shorter legs. Limestone Applied With Manure Spreader Best An attachment for manure spread- ] ers to enable the uniform spreading ot finely ground limestone with this article of standard farm equipment has recently been announced by at ! least one large manufacturer of farm , equipment. Steel blades attached to j the beater teeth do the distributing and apply the corrector of soil acidity to a strip of ground a foot or two j wider than the width of the spreader. | This attachment is suitable for use with tight bottom spreaders and en- I ables the farm operator to apply i needed lime to his ground with but I slight additional expense for lime- . spreading equipment. i Farm Notes A cow must have three quarts of water for every quart of milk Mie pro- | duces. ... Soy beans are very high in oil which ■ has the tendency to throw hogs off feed if the soy beans are fed for a long time. ; • • * Brood sows should be given some , fe.ed in addition to corn or other grain. They need protein and mineral matter ! to insure a lit.ter of strong pigs. ... Hulled oats are fine feed for growing chickens, and when ground into | oat flour they are much better for mixing in laying mashes or starting , mashes. ... The coal stove brooder has been popular for many .years and has de- : veloped in recent years, so that it is not now necessary to have hard coal to he successful with them. ; ... Early hatched chicks that must be confined to the brooder bouse because of weather conditions should have codliver oil in their mash feed at the rate of one quart to 100 pounds of mash. ... Have your hens had their cod liver I oil today? If not they should have for they need it on sunless days just as children do. About a pint to one hundred pounds of mash is the right amount. • • • The Massachusetts experiment station found that with Rhode Island Reds hatched between March 20 and April 10, the pullets were a half-pound heavier after 180 days than those hatched after May 20.

hx.you Readv,— lip jfML, fl SF MKBi — When your Children Ciy for It Baby has little upsets at times. All your care cannot prevent them. But ypu can be prepared. Then you can do what any experienced nurse would do—what most physicians would tell you to doj—give a few drops of plain Cdstoria. Nc sooner done than Baby is soothed; Relief is just a matter of moments. Ylet you have eased your child without u|s(? of a single doubtful drug; Castoriajis vegetable. So it's safe to use as often as an infant has any little pain you cannot pat away. And it's always ready for the crueler pangs of colic,lot constipation or diarrhea; effective,to<\ for older children. Twenty-five million bottles were bought last year.

ggp* Kill Rats if Without Poison 4 New Exterminator that Won’t Kill Livestock, Poultry, Dogs, Cats, or even Baby Chicks K-R-O can be used about the home.barn or poultry yard with absolute safety as it contains no deadly poison. K-R-O is made of Squill, as recommended by U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, lindei the Connable process which insures maximum strength. Two cans killed 578 fats at Arkansas State Farm. Hundreds of other testimonials. Sold on a Money Back Guarantee. Insist upon K-R-O. the original Squill exterminator. All druggists, 75c. Largesize (four timer as much) $2.00. Direct if dealer cannot supply you. K-R-O Co., Springfield. O. K-R-O KILLS-RATS-ONLY Try Chloroform Pretty Nurse—Every time I take tlie patient’s pulse, it gets faster. What shall I do? Doctor — Blindfold him ! — London Everybody's Weekly. If you use Russ Bleaching Blue in your laundry you will not be troubled by thpse tiny rust spots, often caused by inferior bluing. Try it and see. —Adv. Total Strangers Suitor—Doris, does your father like me? His Dream Girl —How d<_ I know; he’s never up when I come in, and he’s out when I get up.—Answers. I i MS OLD FOLKS SAY DR. CALDWELL WAS RIGHT i The basis of treating sickness has not changed since Dr. Caldwell left Medical College in 1875, nor since he placed on the market the laxative prescription he had used in his practice. . i He treated constipation, biliousness, headaches, mental depression, indigestion, sour stomach and other indispositions entirely by means of simple vegetable laxatives, herbs and roots. These are still the basis of Dr. Caldwell’s Syrup Pepsin, a combination of senna and other mild herbs, with pepsin. The simpler the remedy for constipa>tion, the safer for the child and for you. And as you can get results in a ml *“ and safe way by using Dr. Caldwell« Syrup Pepsin, why take chances witft strong drugs? A bottle will last several months, and all can use it. It is pleasant to the taste, gentle in action, and free from ; narcotics. FJderly people find it ideal. All drug stores have the generous bottlea or write “Syrup Pepsin,” Monticello, Illinois, for free trial bottle

Reduce Fever DIXIE FEVER AND PAIN TABLETS Depc ndubh hu G

W. N. U., FORT WAYNE, NO. 11-1928