The Syracuse Journal, Volume 20, Number 45, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 7 March 1929 — Page 2

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By ELMO SCOTT WATSON.

“HEN Herbert Hoover of California takes the oath of office as President of the United States on March 4. Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts «will become a member -of one of the exclusive organizaI tions in the world. At no time in k its history has it had more than M five members and that occurred | only once, in 1862. Since then J there have never been more than » two members in this club at any

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< one time and since Wilson’s death on February 3. 1924, it has bad only one, William Howard Taft. For this organization, a very important one. even though it is small in membership, is the unofficial “Ex-Presidenti of the United States club.” Just what Calvin Coolidge will do when he joins the “Ex-Presidents’ club” was unknown at the time this article was written, although it maj be announced by the time it appears in print. When that question came up some time ago. he is said to have remarked that he was “just going to whittle.” which may have been the New England way of saying that he was going to spend a leisurely vacation before taking up any other occupation. There has been talk of his resuming his law practice in Northampton, Mass.; talk of his joining a New York law firm and aiso talk of his becoming an important official in various business firms. If eventually he turns to politics there will be plenty of ex-Presidential precedent. Three ex-Presidents occupied important federal positions after they left the White House. John Quincy Adams was elected to the United States house of representatives. Andrew Johnson was elected to the United States senate. William Howard Taft became and is now chief justice in the Supreme Court of the United States. Despite his historic “I do not choose,” it is even possible that he may decide sometime to put the so-called tradition against the third term to a test and again run for President. In this he again will have precedent ironuhis predecessors. Martin Van Buren was the first ex-President to attempt a come-back. Before the k New Yorker all the American Presidents had served their two terms save the two Adamses. Van Buren slipped miserably in his two attempts, failing despite strenuous efforts to get the nomination of 1844, and, tn 1848. with the nomination failing to gather a single electoral vote. After him Fillmore tried with scarcely better success. General Grant was the first man to attempt to fill ’a third term, running well for the nomination on the first 36 ballots, but finally giving way to James A. Garfield. That was in 1880. Cleveland was the only ex-President to regain the crown. Several before him tried to turn the trick; Roosevelt exactly twenty years later attempted the same thing. All failed where Cleveland succeeded. For defeated in 1888 by Benjamin Harrison, Cleveland waged a campaign that found him on March 4, 1893, riding to the Capitol. Cleveland was the only man to make this ride more than three times. In 1885, he rode with the outgoing President Arthur; in 1889, he gave over the reins to the incoming President Harrison; tn 1893, he took them back from the same man; in 1897, he rode the trail for the last time, carrying with him the ill-fated William McKinley. Os the careers of the other ex-Presidents William A. Millen, writing in the Washington Star, offers this concise summary: George Washington retired to the quiet of his beloved Mount Vernon after he surrendered the Presidency on March 4. 1797, but lived only a couple of vears to enjoy his well-earned rest. True, he was recalled to Philadelphia in 1798, when war

French Shepherds Use Stilts to Advantage

Walking on stilts is a fad tbat does not die with the ages. On the tomb of one of the oldest pharaohs is a crude bas-relief depicting a court procession. The procession is led by a trumpeter who is perched on high stilts. Every nation, in fact, has bad its expert stilt walkers. In China, and Japan the fad Is popular with youths, some <»t whom are so adept in this

seemed about to break with France, the old ally of the United States, and spent some time reorganizing the army, which he had led so well in the strenuous years of the nation’s birth. A cold contracted while riding about his broad acres caused his death, following a brief illness, on December 14, 1799. He was sixty-seven years old. John Adams, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and veteran of the Continental congress, retired from the Presidency on March 4, 1801. He died July 4, 1826. at his native Quincy, Mass., at the ripe old age of ninety years, having lived to see his eldest son become the sixth President ct the United States, Thomas Jefferson surrendered the Presidency March 4, 1809. and. curiously enough, died on the same day as his predecessor in office, both of them passing away on the birthday of Calvin Coolidge, July 4. He retired to private life at his residence, Monticello, in Virginia. In 1819 he took a leading part in the founding of the University Virginia at Charlottesville, and was rector of that institution until his death in 1826. at the age of eightythree years. James Madison left the Chief Executiveship on March 4, 1817. He retired to his estate at Montpelier, Orange county, Va., to enjoy private life. He ■was a delegate to the Virginia Constitutional convention of 1829. and was rector of the University of Virginia. He died June 28, 1836. age eighty-three. James Monroe laid down the duties of the Presidency on March 4, 1825. and died July 4, 1831, at the age of seventy-three years. He retired to his farm at Loudoun county, Virginia, and in the Virginia Constitutional convention of 1829, in which Madison likewise served, he was chosen president Os that group. He moved to New York city in 1831 and died there. John Quincy Adams left the White House March 4. 1829, a coincidence in that Coolidge, another man from Massachusetts, stepped out of the Presidency in 1929. Adams was defeated as candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 1834, but the Bay state elected him to the house of representatives as a Whig to the Twenty-second and the eight succeeding congresses, serving from March 4, 1831. until his death at the Capitol on February 23, 1848, of a paralytic stroke, at the age of eighty years. Andrew Jackson closed yet another chapter In his Tolorful career when he left the Presidency on March 4, 1837. Then he retired to the Hermitage, his home near Nashville, Tenn., and died there June 8. 1845, of tuberculosis, at the age of seventyeight years. Martin Van Buren bade farewell to the White House officially on March 4, 1841. Defeated for reelection as the Democratic candidate in 1840, eight years later he -was the antislavery candidate for President. He died in his native Kinderhook, N. Y., July 24, 1862, during the Civil war, aged seventynine years. John Tyler surrendered the reins of office on March 4. 1845. He was delegate to the peace convention in 1861, which tried to avert the Civil war, and Served as its president. He had lived quietly on his estate up to that time. With the approach of the conflict he plunged into politics again and after the proposals of the peace convention had failed, he threw in his lot with his native Virginia and voted for secession. He was elected to the Confederate congress, but died before it assembled in Richmond, Vg., expiring January 18. 1862, in the Old Dominion capital, at the age of seventyone years. James Knox Polk lived but a short while after he was freed from the duties of the Presidency on March 4. 1849. Death came to him on June 15, 1849, in Nashville, Tenn., at the age of fifty-three years. Millard Fillmore laid down the onerous duties of the Presidential office on March 4, 1853, after having been defeated for renomination, as the Whig candidate by Gen. Winfield Scott. He resumed his law practice in Buffalo, N. Y-, and was chosen as the National American candidate for the Presidency in 1856. He was president of the Buffalo Historical society, and during the Civil war he commanded a corps of home guards. He died March 8. 1874. at Buffalo at the age of seventy-four years. Franklin Pierce turned over the affairs of state to his successor in the Presidency on March 4, 1857. He spent the latter years of his life in traveling extensively in Europe and died October 8, 1869. at Concord, N. H., at the age of sixty-four years. James Buchanan, left the White House on March 4, 1861, and died June 1, 1868, at the age of seventysevet. years. He had retired to his home in Wheatland. near Lancaster, Pa. Andrew Johnson, who was nearly ousted by the senate, left the White House with the expiration of his term on March 4, 1869. By an ironical turn

mode of walking that they require no supports or uprights to steady them. In southern France stilts are more than fads. There they are used almost continuously by the shepherds, who have to keep' watch over targe flocks of sheep as well as to pass through bogs. The stilts are usually from six to eight feet high and are strapped tightly to the knees. Both men and women in that part

of the country are expert stilt walkers. In their hands they hold a long stick or cane as a support. So accustomed are these people to the stilts that shepherdesses have been known to knit socks while walking on them. A frequent pastime of these people are stilt races, and not a holiday passes without a stilt contest of some sort One contest recently was won by a boy and a girl, each fourteen years old. The third to come in was a shepherd, whose age was about seventy.

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL. SYRACUSE INDIANA

of fate, he was elected to the very body that would have turned him out of the Presidential office with one votje more. He first retired to his home in Tennessee and was defeated as a candidate for the senate before the legislature in 1870. He was defeated as an independent candidate for the Fortythird congress, but having been a senator before his election to the Presidency, he was re-elected to the senate and served from March 4. 1875, until his death, July 31, 1575. at the home of his daughter in Carters Station. Carter county. Tenn., at the age of sixty-six years. * Ulysses Simpson Grant, intrepid soldier, laid down the task of the Presidency on March 4. 1877. With his wife and youngest son he made a tour of the world, returning in 1879. He was boomed for a third term in 1880. but popular sentiment against this course proved too strong. In New York city, to which he moved, he became president of the Mexican Southern railway and a special partner of the firm of Grant & Ward, but in 1884 this firm failed, the former general suffering an acute financial loss. In 1885 congress restored him to the rank of general, giving him full pay on the retired list. To recoup his fortunes he began to 1 write his memoirs, but a cancerous growth in the throat placed a painful handicap upon him and he died July 23. 1885, at the age of sixty-three years, at Mount McGregor, N. Y. Rutherford Birchard Haves, who also had been a general in the Civil war, stepped out of the Presidential office on March 4, 1881. Until his death on January 17, 1893, his days were given over to education and philanthropy. At the end he was seventy years old. Chester Alan Arthur left the VVJiite House on March 4, 1885, and retired to New York, where death overtook him on November 18. 1886. a little more than a year after he had lett the Chief Executiveship, at the ige of fifty-six years. Grover Cleveland stepped down fr6m his high office as leader of the nation for the second time on March 4, 1897. He had first served from March 4, 1885, to March 4, 1889. but during the intervening four years this lone American, who is the only one in all history who was able to come back to the White House after he had left it, retired to New York to engage in the practice of law. He was called away from his briefs, however, by reelection to the Presidency in 1892. Accordingly, he served the second time for four vears, beginning March 4, 1893- When his second term had been completed, Cleveland settled down in Princeton N. J. At Princeton university he delivered an annual course of lectures on public affairs and wrote numerous articles. He died June 24. 1908, at the age of seventy-one years. Benjamin Harrison bade an official farewell to 1600 Pennsylvania avenue on March 4, 1893. This grandson of President William Henry Harrison then returned to the practice of law and delivered a course of lectures at Leland Stanford university on constitutional law. He served as counsel for Venezuela in the Anglo-Venezuelan Boundary Arbi tration commission. He represented the United .States in 1899 as a member of the Peace conference *and became one of the International Board of Arbitration. In 1897 he had written ’‘This Country of Ours.” He died March 13. 1901, at Indianapolis Ind., at the age of sixty-seven years. Theodore Roosevelt left the White House on March 4, 1909, to plunge into another phase of his spectacular career. Following the outdoor life of which he was such an ardent advocate, he hunted and explored over a wide stretch of territory in Africa and South America. Disagreeing with his successor, Taft, he lost his fight to be chosen as the Republican standard-bearer in 1912 and formed his famous Bull Moose party, making a strenuous campaign and being rewarded for it by the voters in running ahead of the regular Republican candidate. His offer to raise a division to aid America in the World war was rejected, but he was active in its cause with the pen. He died of heart trouble at Oyster Bay, N. Y., on January 6. 1919. at the age of sixty-one years. William Howard Taft surrendered his Presidential toga on March 4, 1913, and is now the only former President living. He taught law at Yale until. 1921, the year Harding appointed him Chief ‘Justice of the Supreme court, the post he now holds. Woodrow Wilson, the World war President, who like his Democratic predecessor Cleveland, had lectured at Princeton but later became its president, closed a strenuous and momentous eight years in the White House on March 4, 1921—a broken man. He entered a law partnership with his old friend Bainbridge Colby and maintained an office in Washington. Death summoned him on February 3. 1924, at the age of sixty-seven years.

Old Fashion Magazine From 183 Uto 1839 Godey’s was I known as the Lady’s Book; 1840-1843, Godey’s Lady’s Book; 1844-1848, Godey’s Magazine and Lady’s Book; 18481892. Godey’s Lady’s Book, and from 1892 Godey’s Magazine. It was purchased by F. A. Munsey and merged in the Puritan. October. 1893. Yearly Baby-Chick Hatch Six hundred million baby chicks are hatched In commercial hatcheries in this country every year.

Inoculation Is an Aid to Soy Bean

One Plot Yield Increased Three Times Weight of Cured Hay. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture. > To plant soy beans from the same lot of seed in the same field during the same summer with the same amount of fertilizer and make one plot yield three times the weight of cured hay as another plot is an accomplishment worthy of mention. Such a large increase, measured in terms of the weight of dried hay, resulted during the past summer from the inoculation of soy bean seed with nodule bacteria, according to observations and measurements recently completed by specialists in soil microbiology of the United States Department of Agriculture. Untreated Seed Used. In a 30 acre field upon a high hill on the farm of F. R. Fred, near Middleburg, Va., the supply of inoculated seed ran out temporarily at the time of planting and the seed drill was run with untreated seed for several trips around the sides of a large square of land until more seed could be treated and placed in the drill. Then the seeding was completed with the inoculated seed. Long before harvest time the result became visible to the whole countryside. From the lowlands and from the opposite hills a great yellow square and more distinct as the acres of inoculated soy bean hay grew steadily greener and darker and the plants from uninoculated seed grew yellower and brighter. Dr. E. B. Fred, of the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Charles Thom, chief of the division of microbiology and L. T. Leonard, bacteriologist of the bureau of chemistry and soils, inspected the field. They found that the inoculated plants were much taller and healthier than those untreated and that they also contained many more seed pods. Difference in Yield. To determine the differences resulting from inoculation, careful measurements were made by the department specialists in soil bacteriology of both the treated and untreated plants. Fifty plants taken from each portion of the field showed that the treated plants grew to an average height of 3f) inches, the others to only 23 inches. An estimate of the yield of dry hay gave two and a half tons to the acre for the inoculated seed and only threefourths of a ton for thq other. Another startling difference was the average of 20 pods carried by the inoculated plants as compared with an average of five pods for those untreated. Finally, an analysis of the plants showed that those grown from inoculated seed carried approximately twice the percentage of protein as the others. Agar culture of nodule bacteria from the Wisconsin College of Agriculture was used for inoculation. Asked if inoculation of soy bean seed with reliable cultures would always bring such profitable returns, the department specialists in soil bacteriology replied. “Probably not. Some land does not need inoculation, for

DISEASE CONTROL IS IMPORTANT FOR SUCCESS IN RABBIT RAISING

Success Depends on Ability to Kill Parasites. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Success in raising rabbits depends to a great extent on the ability to keep the animals free from parasites a*<l bacterial diseases. A knowledge of the more serious ailments is advantageous says the United States Department of Agriculture, and may be had from a study of Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1568-F, “Rabbit Parasites and Diseases.” a new publication now ready for distribution to persons requesting it. Among the parasitic diseases given special attention in the bulletin are coccidiosis, ear mange or ear can ker. skin mange, and stomach worm diseases. These diseases cause weakness, emaciation, wasting and death. Other parasitic affections, such as irritations caused by fleas, lice and intestinal worms of various sorts, while not commonly producing very marked symptoms in infested animals, may gradually render them weak and unthrifty, making them more susceptible to other diseases as a result of their lowered vitality. Prevention and control measures are more practical than treatment, and are usually matters of sanitation. In the case of parasitic diseases such measures must be based Greatest Usefulness of Jerusalem Artichokes The greatest usefulness of Jerusalem artichokes in the past has been as a stock feed. At present in France they are mostly used for sheep and cattle, and in this country they are most frequently grown for hogs. The crop has been highly recommended for this purpose, but has never superseded corn where that crop succeeds. The leaves and branches are also good stock feed and are extensively used abroad. The stalks may be cured in the same way as corn stover, or they may be made into silage. As a source of alcohol Europeans have used Jerusalem artichokes to some extent. Water the Hotbed Watering the hot bed is a most important point. It should be done only on sunny mornings—and then water it, don’t just sprinkle, and wait till the soil shows signs of drying before watering again. Too much moisture leads to damping off.

the organisms are already there, but ' it is worth trying in any community where nodules are not abundant on the roots of legumes. Each farmer I should determine this matter for himself by planting inoculated seed side ’ by side with uninoculated seed, and [ let the facts speak for themselves.” Pineapple Pear Quite Resistant to Blight A really blight-proof pear has yet to be found. There are varieties that are more resistant to blight than others, but the pear that will not at one I time or another be affected by blight has not yet been produced. It is true, however, that the Pineapple pear is strongly resistant to blight, so that it can be grown in localities where bet- i ter sorts cannot be grown. It is at best a poor quality product for eating out of hand, though when canned it is considered satisfactory. Undoubtedly the Pineapple pear is either a pure oriental pear belonging to the same group as the more familiar “Sand Pear,” or else it is a hybrid between the oriental pear and the European pear as represented by Garber, LeConte. and Kieffer. Where bet- j ter sorts can be grown it has no place. Permit Cut Potato Seed to Heal Before Planting It usually is best to cut seed potatoes and store them a day or two to allow what is called a layer of cork to form over the cut surface. This protective layer which forms most readily in the dark in moist air at a temperature of about 70 degrees Fahrenheit keeps the moisture in and rot organisms out. If freshly cut seed is planted in soil that is too hot or too cold or too wet or too dry, the cut surfaces do not heal over and as a result many seed pieces rot Instead of growing, and produce a poor stand in the field. “If the soil conditions are not favorable, store the cut seed in a dark. J fairly moist place at about 70 degrees ! Fahrenheit until cork forms,” according „o potato men at the state college of agriculture at Ithaca, N. Y. Several Essentials for Sweet Clover Outlined Sweet clovy will grow almost anywhere if the annual rainfall is more than 17 inches and there is enough lime in the soil. But in spite of the fact that sweet clover is a hardy plant, it is not always easy to get a | stand. Three things especially important in getting a stand are lime, j inoculation and a firm seed bed. It , may not always be necessary to neutralize an acid soil, but sweet clover commonly must have lime if it is to do well. Inoculation of the seed or soil is advisable where the crop is to be grown on land that has grown neither alfalfa nor sweet clove? before. A firm seed bed is necessary. Many failures have been shown to be due to lack of rolling or compact- ' ing the soil after plowing.

on a knowledge; of the habits and life histories of the parasites involved and on their mode of transmission from one animal to another. The bulletin also discusses bacterial and other diseases, such as snuffles and pneumonia. A copy of the bulletin may be obtained upon request from the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. i Agricultural Notes .? .j. A sharp plowshare saves many a sore neck. • « « This is good fence building and repairing time. • • • Clean up that wet spot in the field —it's too expensive to live with. ® « * Soy beans should be sown for hay as soon as possible after corn planting. • • • Leaving machinery standing outdoors increases farm expenses and cuts down profits. • • • Cucumbers, cantaloupes and watermelons may be started in paper plant boxes buried in the soil of the hotbed. • • • Forward looking farmers are the only ones who lay permanent plans for permanent pastures. • • • The farmer who has meat in the •smokehouse usually has money in the pocket. Isn’t that so? • • • The Canada thistle is a perennial and perennials are killed by keeping them hoed off from mid-summer until cold weather. « • • The cowpea will grow on a wide variety of soil types, including acid soil, while alfalfa demands a soil containing plenty of lime and clover aisc does much better on such a soil. • • • Steel and masonry cribs usually art commercial products and may bt bought from dealers who put them up. The wood concrete crib may be built from plans with farm labor. • • e For disinfecting stables and poul try houses a can of strong commer cial lye in five gallons of water is a good spray or sprinkling compounc or you might use some of the germl cides.

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