The Syracuse Journal, Volume 20, Number 18, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 30 August 1928 — Page 2

Labor '□[ C LL Z i _ Fl fi——)'P~—? JqM <■ c z] H WL^:-?WL^ ; -Truck load I ■ (Copyright, W. N.U.)

By ELMO SCOTT WATSON

ONDAY, September 3, marks the fortysixth anniversary of a holiday which is a red letter event on all American calendars. For that is Labor day, the day which all workers, if they observe the tradition of its founding, should make a “festival day with parades, spjeech-making and picnics.” Os course, the manner of our celebrating all of our .holidays undergoes a change through the years, and this applies to Labor day, even though it Is one of the “youngest,” as well as to the others. But it is interesting to note how Labor day first came into

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being and how it was celebrated four decades ago. The history of Labor day, as told by a chronicler in the Herald-Tribune of New York, where it originated, is as follows: A little group cf workers in New York eity heard the suggestion marking the birth of Labor day and creating a holiday which has encircled the globe. The idea originated May 8, 1882, at a session of the then newly formed Central Labor union of the metropolis. Its sponsor was P. J. McGuire. who was one of the best known labor leaders of his day, for many years secretary of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America and a vice president of the American Federation ®f Labor. ! McGuire’s thought was that one day in the year should be set aside as a general holiday for the nun and women who toil. In its initial form the plan contemplated a Labor day, pure and simple, for observance by those who work with hands and nyiscle. The first celebration of the holiday took jfface in New York September 5, 1882. i Since that modest beginning the world has taken .Labor day to its heart as one of the most important holidays on the calendar. The voice of McGuire has been heard round the world, and by all classes of the population. Labor’s holiday has become an international institution for millionaires and workers alike —a festival of relaxation and recuperation for all strata of the social structure. No holiday of the year has greater popularity. A basic reason for the vogue of Labor day is to be found in the wisdom shown by its originator in choosing the date for the celebration. McGuire’s choice was the first Monday in September as a strategic date midway between the Fourth of July and Thanksgiving day. His feeling that this was the most suitable day of the entire year for a new holiday found ready echo in the minds of workers, offering a respite from toil after the blistering weather of July and August. Everybody rwas ready for a rest at this particular season, and ®*fhere was prompt response to the suggestion of a double holiday over Sunday and Monday. In recent years there has been a pronounced tendency toward a triple holiday, causing the rest period to extend from Friday evening to Tuesday morning No other holiday of the year offers similar advantage year in and year out After the New York celebration of 1882 the popularity of Labor dav grew with increasing swiftness until it had extended to practically every state in the Union. It now covers the island _ possessions bf Hawaii. Porto Rico and the Virgin islands. Formal action toward nationalizing the holiday was taken by the predecessor of the American Federation of Labor at its annual convention in Chicago in October, 1884. The body was known as the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada, then four years of age and strikingly small in comparison with the mighty federation of today. At the Chicago convention, for example, there were but twen-ty-six delegates, representing a constituency of nineteen international unions, local bodies and central labor urdons. The annual report of the financial officer placed the year’s expenditures at $543.20, with a treasury balance .of $188.04 at the end of the fiscal period. This offers strange contrast with the recent report of the federation, showing a year’s receipts of $518,451 and a balance of more than $210,000. At the Chicago convention the delegates adopted a resolution intended to give Labor day observance national importance. The resolution stipulated that the first Monday In September should be set apart as “a laborers’ national holiday,” and recommended its observance “by all wage workers, irrespective of sex, calling or nationality. Popular response for spontaneous, but untiring effort and co-operation on the part of organized labor were required for the procurement of legal sanction for the suspension of work. Congress and state legislative bodies received vigorous and insistent requests for the enactment of federal and state laws recognizing the day as a legal holiday. Ten years elapsed before the passage of a congressional act establishing the first Monday in September as a legal holiday for the District of

Took Only Sure Way to Avdid Temptation

Secretary Lawson Purdy of the Charity Organization society, said at a dinner in New York: “Some people are like the gambler. The gambler sat In the plush and gilt office of his palatial gambling bouse when a deputation waited On him to plead a spendthrift’s cause. “The spendthrift, the deputation •aid. had tost over half his fortune at th* gambler’s, and now the other

THE THINKER Back of the beating hammer By which the steel is wrought, Back of the workshop’s clamor The seeker may find the Thought, The Thought that is ever master, Os iro«i and steam and steel. That rises above disaster And tramples It under heel! The drudge may fret and tinker Or labor with dusty blows, But back of him stands the Thinker, The clear-eyed man who knows; For into each plow and saber, Each piece and pant and whole, Must go the Brains of Labor, Which gives the work a Soul! Back of the motors humming, Back of the belts" that sing, Back of the hammers drumming, Back of the cranes that swing. There is the eye which scans them Watching through stress and strain, There is the Mind which plans them— Back of the brawn, the Brain! Might of the roaring boiler, Force of the engine’s thrust, Strength of the .sweating toiler. Greatly in those we trust. But back of them stands the Schemer, The Thinker who drives things through; Back of the Job—the Dreamer Who’s making the dream come true! —Benton Braley.

Columbia and the territories. Oregon has anticipated the federal law by legislative act passed in 1893. Other states fell in line one by one, until the day now ranks as a legal holiday throughout the United States. In most states the status is established through statutory provision. In Wisconsin and Wyoming the observance comes through proclamation by the governors. In the Philippines the celebration takes place on May 1, in accordance with European custom. The May day celebrations in Continental Europe owe their origin to American initiative. This foreign adoption of the McGuire idea came about in connection with the eight-hour movement inaugurated by the American Federation of Labor in 1889. The same year brought a meeting of the International Labor Congress in Paris. To this meeting a letter was addressed by Samuel Gompers, president of the American body, urging that the international organization should co-operate with the eight-hour movement by making a declaration of sympathy. In his letter Gompers appealed for demonstrations in all European countries to be conducted on May 1 of the following year. The congress complied and started the machinery for widespread continental demonstrations on May 1. 1899. In this way it came about that the Gompers suggestion was the instrument which created May 1 as the Labor day of Europe. The start, made in 1890, caught the fancy of European workers and May ! day became the recognized time for demonstrations all over the continent. In one respect there has been an Important difference between the observance of Labor day in the United States and the practice of European workers with reference to the first of.. May. The American holiday is of recreational character, while European workers have tended to exaggerate the demonstrational system as a means of emphasizing their organized demands and grievances. The result of the early demonstrations was to invite governmental opposition, with frequent clashes between the workers and the police or military forces. In latter years, however, the May day observance has been given more largely to cessation of work, parades, meetings and commemorative exercises devoid of violence or disturbance. Europe has been slower than the United States in granting legal status as a holiday to the day selected by labor as the time for.annual celebration. The countries which have recognized the first of May as a legal holiday are Austria, Czechoslovakia, Esthonia, Finland and Madeira. South American nations ’•ecognizing the date are Colombia, Ecuador and Uruguay. Latin America in general follows the European custom of celebrating May day, and the day is a legal holiday in Hayti and Panama. That the McGuire idea has spread round the world is shown by the circumstance that many British colonies and possessions have their own Labor days. Canada celebrates the first Monday in September, in keeping with the United States custom. Newfoundland observes September S. Queensland and Western Australia follow the European practice and observe the first of May. “EightHour day” is observed on April 21 in Victoria, Australia; on October 6 in New South Wales, and on

half was gone, and tuberculosis had overtaken the poor fellow, and a collection was being made to send him to Colorado. Colorado was his only chance. Death or Colorado. “As the gambler listened to the spendthrift’s sad story tears rose to his eyes, and turning hurriedly to bis beautiful blonde secretary he said in a choked voice: “‘Quick, the check book, Miss Mont-

gomery—go and lock it in the safe before my heart softens.’ ” —Detroit Free Press. Pity Pity Is a sense of our own misfortunes in those of other people; it is a sort of foresight of the disasters that may befall ourselves. We assist others, tfiat they may assist us on like occasions; so that the services we offer to the unfortunate are so many anticipated kindnesses to ourselves.—La Rochefoucauld.

THE SYRACUSE .JOURNAL

October 14 in South Australia. The basic idea in all these countries is that which was voiced by P. J. McGuire in 1882. Mention of the difference between the observance of Labor day in this country and in Europe, where it was the occasion for demonstrations to “emphasize their organized demands and grievances,” recalls the fact that there was a time in the early history of Labor day in this country when the greatest concern of American workingman was for the “right of labor.” That concern was expressed in an editorial uttered by ti e late Samuel Gompers in the first Labor day editorial which he wrote after congress had made it a legal holiday. The editorial, which appeared In the American Federationist for September, 1894, follows: In the cycle of time we are again on the dawn of our most important national holiday—Labor day. Most important, 'since it for the first time in the history of the world devotes a day to the recognition of the fact that the wage earners must hereafter be regarded as the important factor in the economy of life. In this day when so many look upon the dark side of the progress of the labor movement and predict worse things in store for the laborer, it is not amiss to direct attention to the fact that the life of the human family is one vast struggle, and that though the progress is not as swift as we, as well as our impatient brothers and sisters of labor, would like it to be, yet the fact that in our decade we can see the rights of labor more clearly defined, the vantage ground obtained, and obtaining a clearer insight into the existing wrongs, the more intelligent perception and determination to achieve labor’s rights. The past year has witnessed several contests, some of them defeats, but though defeated in the immediate object sought, they have awakened a new conscience in the American, people, and will contribute more to the thorough organization of the wage workers our country than hundreds of meetings, speeches or pamphlets. The great conquering armies in the history of the world have had their reverses, and the labor movement cannot expect to be an exception to that rule. Each defeat acts as a trenchant warning to the toilers of America that error must be avoided, that intelligence must pravail, and that no success can come to them unless it is through their own efforts and their own organization, and by their persistency manifested. Pessimism results in indifference, lethargy and Impotency and this in turn simply permits the cor- • porations and trusts and the entire capitalist class to filch from the toiler rights which have be«n dearly bought. The organizations of labor must be thorough and complete and above all must be permanent Those organizations which arise like a flash in the pan only go to show how arduous is the struggle before the toiler, in order to overcome the antagonism of the wealth-producing classes of our covntry Today more than ever the toilers recognize how essentially they are thrown upon their own resources; that they have few if any outside their own ranks who sympathize with them m their efforts for the emancipation of mankind. Toilers, organize. Let us carry on the good work and in a few more revolutions of the earth upon its axis we shall have a better world-a better mankind. Waiting will not accomplish it; deferring till another time will not secure it. Now is the time for the workers of America to come to the standard of their unions and to organize as thoroughly, completely and compactly as is Possible. Let each worker bear in mind the words of Longfellow: In the world's broad field of battle, In the bivouac of.life, Be not like dumb, driven cattle! Be a hero in the strife! There is one significant statement in that editorial by the “Grand Old Man of American Labor.” For when Samuel Gompets uttered the words “intelligence must prevail’ he was gi' ing it the keynote of what was destined to prove its soundest and *nost successful policy. In the years which have followed since that editorial was written, however, the spirit of American labor, as exemplified in Labor day, has changed. It is still steadfast for the “right of labor/’ but it is also conscious of the responsibility of labor as well. Today the American laborer is the most prosperous of any in the world and that is because he has brought to his task an intelligent conception of both its rights and its obligations, a consciousness of the dignity of his job, no* matter what it may be so long as he does ft well, and as a thinker, as well as a doer, he is the backbone of the American nation today.

The Standby Another thing we have observed in our sojourn through this old vale of tears and laughter is that the quietest man in the crowd usually pays the cheek at the restaurant.—Columbus Ohio State Journal. Not Feasible Project Spiders’ silk Is not manufactured because of the spider’s cannibalistic tendencies. It would require a separate box for each one; therefore the process would be to® costly.

FT WAS | STRICTLY I BUSINESS ®®@®®®@®@®@®®®®®®@@®®®®@@® <® bv D J. Walsh.) MISS BARLOW straightened her glasses and looked through them thoughtfully at her third assistant. It was not the first time that she had looked at Jean Royce, but it was the first time she had ever seen what she «aw now. “She cried before she came to the office this morning,” I Liss Barlow concluded. “She is unhappy. Young things shouldn’t be unhappy. I don’t like to see 1 it.” It was a fact that Jean’s big, shellrim glasses did not cover up all the tear-stain about her eyes. Her 'mouth, too, had a despondent droop, and if It had not, been closed so tightly it might have trembled. From the first Jean had been something of a mystery to Miss Barlow. The senior member of the firm had hired the girl direct from business school and she had proved to be well trained and wiping. She lived at home with her mother, and did not make friends with pretty blond Miss Rhodes or stylish, dark Miss Howe, both of whom were serving their second year under Miss Barlow. She did not even make friends with Miss Barlow, although it might have seemed to her interest to do so. She came by herself, went by herself, and ate her lunch alone at noon out of a small double basket with handles. However, it was none of these things that puzzled Miss Barlow; it was, rather, the appearance of the girl herself. She wore a black skirt, a long sleeved, high necked black pon gee blouse, a black coat and a black hat of a severe shape. Neither jewelry, perfume, color nor makeup could be • discovered about her. Her soft brown hair was dragged back from her high forehead into an astonish ingly tight little wad at the wrong angle of her head, and she wore large size shell-rim glasses which covered up a third of her pretty pale com plexion. “Most girls," thought Miss Barlow glancing at the brilliant Miss Rowe and the winning Miss Rhodes, “most girls try to make themselves look as well as they can. This girl seems trying to make herself look as bad as she can. 1 can’t fathom it, and what’s more, 1 haven’t time to try to today.” It was a particularly busy day. The third and youngest partner, Mark Willard, who had succeeded to his father’s place in the business, was in and out of the office half a dozen times an hour, and each time he entered the dark girl and the blond girl showed that they were keenly aware of him. But Jean Royce never lifted her eyes, although Mark Willard was an extremely personable young man whom any girl might have taken an interest in. Once he had occasion to speak to Jean, and Miss Barlow watched them curiously, the other girls enviously. “He could have told me and I could have told Jean,” Miss Barlow thought. She wondered if Mark, the muchsought after, found the girl something of the same mystery that she herself did. She was inclined to think that he did. “And nothing attracts a man’s fancy more than mystery.” Miss Barlow found that she had let a drop of ink fall from the tip of her fountain pen upon her new blue blotter. It vexed iier, for she liked her desk to be neat. Miss Barlow was forty-five, and twenty years in the business world had taught her to sift the wheat from the chaff. There was a quality about Jean Royce that she had not hitherto found among her office associates The girl was fine, not a coarse thread in her. But in spite of all her painstaking she did not give promise of that efficiency which is necessary to business success. When the noon hour came Miss Barlow went over to Jean Royce. “Come to lunch with me, my dear,” she said. “It’s such a dreary day. 1 feel I’d like some company.” ; Jean looked up gratefully, flushed and murmured an acceptance. Miss Barlow lunched every day In ’a favorite corner O’ her favorite restaurant. Usually she had sandwiches, salad and tea, but tpday she went a little farther and had cakes and chicken to please her guest. Immediately after they sat down Jean removed her glasses, folded them and laid them beside her plate. “My eyes > feel a little tired,” she explained. Miss Barlow looked at the girl in astonishment. The removal of the glasses made a striking difference in her looks. Jean had beautiful eyes, large, clear and of a lovely blue-gray with long lashes. “Why do you wear them?” asked Miss Barlow. “They’re not necessary, are they?” she leaned forward confi

Man’s Erect Posture Matter of Heredity

Man owes his present proudly erect position to a long line of tree-dwell-ing ancestors. Brachiation, which means pulling oneself about among the branches, is the only way In which the spinal column could have gained an upright position, declared Dr. William K. Gregory of the American Mu seum of Natural History, speaking in Philadelphia before the meeting of the American Philosophical society. A series of the upper arm bones of primitive mammals, lemurs, monkeys and apes, slkows increasing resemblance to the corresponding bone in the human arm. he stated, and there are many Co-Operative Ownership Contrary to the prevalent belief, there is nothing new about the cooperative idea of home ownership. There are co-operative homes in Rennes, France, that are over 200 years old and some of the apartments are still owned by descendants of the first purchasers.

dentially. “Are they anything but plain • glasses?” Jean bit her lip. “No, they aren’t,” she confessed. “1 wear them because—because they make me look older for one thing, i and—and more businesslike.” “It’s a pity, a great pity.” said Miss Barlow firmly. “Do you think so?” asked Jean ■ little breathlessly. “I do. I recommend that you leave off wearing glasses since you can see I better without them. Another thing, ] you have lovely hair. Why not give that a chance, too?” “But, Miss Barlow,” protested Jean, I “I do so want to look strictly businesslike. I am so anxious to succeed and appearance has such a lot to do with it. If you knew how carefully I have chosen my costume! Os course, black isn’t necessary, but black is so serviceable. No one can tell whether It is new or old black, and mother and I have to—to consider these things now that we are alone together. I wish you could know my mother.” “I shall come to see her,” promised Miss Barlow. The following Sunday afternoon Miss Barlow went to Lamont street jo call on the Royces. Jean met her at the door of the small, plain house which yet had such a good air about it within and without. Miss Barlow almost gasped at the sight of the girl Jean was in pink without the glasses —a youthful, radiant pink, with her lovely hair waved and all her beauty undiinmed by disguise. Mrs. Royce was a gentle, dear little woman with sweet eyes and a charming appeal of manner. They made Miss Barlow stay to supper and over the cake; which Jean had made, they became slightly confidential. “1 don’t like the way Jean dresses for her work,” Mrs, Royce said. ‘‘Of course it is all right for her to wish to look businesslike, but those glasses —and the way she does her hair—and—and—and that dreadful little black hat without any trimming at all!** “Is it an unexplainable mystery?” asked Miss Barlow. Jean flushed. “N—no, it isn’t. You see, I—l’ve always been considered rather goodlooking—” “Good looking! Why, she’s a downright beauty,” thought Miss Barlow—“and I’ve always heard that looks were no asset in the business world. So 1 made myself just as plain as 1 could.”—“And she has been sorry.” thought Miss Barlow. “Well, of course too many frills aren’t advisable,” Miss Barlow said, gently, “but neither is too severe an aspect. One can be strictly business and not fly to either extreme The happy medium in dress, my dear is what should be sought for,” Miss Barlow was anxious to see what effect her little homily wou.d have on Jean. Next morning Mark Millward was in the room when Jean entered. She wore a trim dark blue serge, her hair was allowed to go its lovely way and she was minus the spectacles. She looked happy, too, so happy that she was fairly radiant. Miss Barlow leaned back in her chair and sighed with content. “Some day when she is Mrs. Mark Millward she is going to thank me,” she said to herself. DzcAtens to Dinner Today we are going to have Charles Dickens to dinner. He is an intense admirer of your mother, whom he has never seen; and we expect a very pleasant evening and dinner in which two such novelists will gobble and gabble! All England is on tip-toe with expectation for “The Mill on the Floss.” . x . 1 expect it will be even more popular than “Adam Bede,” though that has had greater success than any novel since £cott (except Dickens). , . . But her genius is nothing to her tenderness and goodness, and you will all love her nearly as much as 1 do when you come to know her. —From a Letter by G. H. Lewes to His Sons in “George Eliot’s Family Life and Letters.” Stupid Extravagance I wonder whether anything in the world is more stupid or indicative of less intelligence than for a woman to buy what she does not in the least require, to get together a lot of dresses which she will never be able to wear —to buy dozens of hats which will go out of fashion in a few months, to cultivate the taste of orchids at $4 each, to look for the most expensive market, the use of which will add neither to her beauty nor to her health, in short to cultivate spending and to ignore saving.—Elizabeth Marbury, in Delineator. How Happiness Happens Happiness can come about only as a distillation of a rich, ripe, free and varied experience; it is the inextricably interwoven pattern of a useful life in whatever sphere.—The Ameri can Magazine.

further details of structure, especially in the hand and foot of man, that inTlicate a former tree-dwelling mode of life. — Kansas City star’s Science Service. Suicide Also Embalmed Enough poison to kill 200 people had been taken by the deceased, it was said at the inquest in Beckington. Devonshire, England, on a man who had drunk a tumbler of weedkiller The Devon county analyst, made the remarkable statement that the man’s mummy would never decay because it was thoroughly permeated with the most effective of all embalming agents. The poison was a solution of arsenic and caustic soda. > Homemade Sealing Wax Melting together equal parts of shoemakers wax and resin produces an acceptable sealing wax. This should be done in a pan over hot wa ter to prevent scorching. / s.

What Will j Children Ciy for It There is hardly a household that hasn’t heard of Castoria I At least five million homes are never without it. If there are children in your family, there’s almost daily need of its comfort. And any night may find you very thankful there’s a bottle in the house. Just a few drops, and that colic or constipation is relieved; or diarrhea checked. A vegetable product; a tyiby remedy meant for young folks. Castoria is about the only thing you have ever heard doctors advise giving to infants. Stronger medicines are dangerous to a tiny baby, however harmless they may be to grown-ups. Good old Castoria! Remember the name, and remember to buy it. It may spare you a sleepless, anxious night. It is always ready, always safe to use; in emergencies, or for everyday ailmenta Any hour of the day or night that Baby becomes fretful, or restless. Castoria was never more popular with mothers than it is today. Every druggist has it.

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British Collectors Use Queer Methods Collection agencies in London are even more “hard-boiled” than those in American cities. Not only do redheaded letters come through the mail to debtors, says “The Pathfinder,” but when a man has been notified three times that his bill is due a collector in a red uniform calls on him. The bright clothes are to attract attention and embarrass the debtor. A popular story has it that our word, “dun” owes its origin to Joe Dun, famous bailiff in the reign of Henry VII. Dun was a proficient collector of rents, duties and general debts. He resorted to many ruses. He seems to have originated the idea of calling at debtors’ houses in odd and colorful costumes to attract attention. Sometimes he would walk up- and down In front of the poor wretch’s house and broadcast the nature of the debt to the neighborhood. It is against the law in the United States to dun a person by postcard. For your daughter’s sake, use Red Cross Ball Blue in the laundry. She will then have that dainty, well-groomed appearance that girls admire. —Adv. Os More Use Gentleman Farmer (to one of the hands) —Here is one of my old hats to make a scarecrow with. Laborer—ls it’s all the same to you, sir, I’d rather have one of the mistress’. It would scare ’em more —Weekly Scotsman. Engaged “I hear your college daughter Is taking a postgraduate course." “Cooking lessons.” A great deal of our interest in one another isn’t worth while, from the standpoint of either.

pr MF? \ MOST people know this absolute antidote for pain, but are you careful to say Bayer when you buy it? And do you always give a glance to see Bayer on the box—and the word genuine printed in red? It isn’t the. genuine Bayer Aspirin without it I A drugstore always has Bayer, with the proven directions tucked in every box: t! Aspirin is the trade mark of Bayer Manufacture ~— ot Monoacetlcacidester of Salicylicacld For Old Sores Hanford’s Balsam of Myrrh AD dealer* in aathoriied to refund your money for the fint kettle if not nited. I It tb. w->A. »l.a «50. ■ Kremola Face Cream makes roar skm beoutiMU 26 ■ Rj FREE BOOKLET Aak year dealer or Vrite JpJi Or. C. H. Berry Co., M7S MKm*an emcaqn