The Syracuse Journal, Volume 20, Number 8, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 21 June 1928 — Page 2

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IIRTY years ago there took place on a Cuban hillside a battle which has become a classic in American history, not so much because of its magnitude, in terms of numbers engaged and casualties suffered nor because it was in any sense a I “decisive battle” in history, but because it was fought by one of the most picturesque body of troops that ever served under the

American flag. For July 1 is the thirtieth anniversary of the of San Juan Hill in the Spanish-American war and the famous charge and victory of the Rough Riders, commanded by Col. Theodore Roosevelt. This engagement was one of the most dramatic in that short war and it made a national hero out of the Rough Rider leader and eventually helped put in the White House one of the most picturesque Presidents the United States has ever had. Although known officially as the First United States Volunteer cavalry, the public promptly christened’ them the Rough Riders. At first the men of the regiment resented that name, but finally adopted it themselves and made it even more unforgettable with their battle cry of Bough, tough, we’re the stuff, We want to fight and we can’t get enough. Whoop-ee! Unless it be in the French Foreign Legion or perhaps in the fictional “Musketeers” of Dumas, the Rough Riders have had no counterpart in history. No better description of this unique outfit has been written than the fallowing by Wilbur D French, who was one of them: Twelve hundred as separate, varied, mixed, distinct. grotesque and peculiar types of men as perhaps Were ever assembled in one bunch in all the history of man. Millionaires, paupers, shyster lawyers, cowboys, quack doctors, farmers, college professors, miners, adventurers, preachers, prospectors, Socialists, journalists, clerks, Mormons, musicians, « pugilists, Jews, politicans, Gentiles, Mexicans, professed -Christians, Indians, West Point graduates, Arkansas wild men, baseball players, and one—possibly two—Democrats. (AH except the possible two were straight Republicans.) Mix the above and add some forty civilian officers. And they came from every state. Aged, as we reckon time, from eighteen (witness Archie Tuttle, Safford, Ariz.) to fifty years from time of birth, but some thousand years old in deviltry and wisdom. Garbed in the various habiliments of the fashions of the time. The esthetic in their dude rags, standing collars and patent leather shoes, as well ,as hard-boiled hats. The millionaires in Fifth avenue duds, to which add a wagonload each of soil sdled leather trunks and hat boxes. The cowboys in chSps, high-heeled boots and spurs. The miners and down-and-outers in soiled and ragged blue denim overalls and'jumpers. The musicians brought with them their drums, guitars, fifes, cor- \ nets and Violins. The gamblers, dice, cards, faro, and crap lay<#Uts. I remember seeing a few Bibles. And to command this hard-boiled outfit were two “eastern dudes'” Both were Harvard gradu•ates—Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt, then assistant secretary of war, had from the beginning of our dispute with Spain over her conduct of Cuban affairs, been insistent for intervention. So when congress authorized the raising of three volunteer regiments of cavalry from among the wild , riders and riflemen of the Rockies and the great plains. Secretary of War Alger, mindful of Roosevelt’s career as a North Dakota ranchman and hunter, offered him the command of one of these regiments. But Roosevelt replied that if Alger would make his friend. Dr. Leonard Wood, colonel, he would be content to go as lieutenant-colonel. Wood, then medical adviser to the President and the secretary of war. was an army surgeon who had served with General Miles in the campaign against the Apache Indians and had been awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for brilliant service in the Southwest The secretary agreed to Roosevelt’s proposal and the appointments were made. In such an organization, composed of men who were, as Roosevelt himself characterized them, “soldiers ready made, so far as concerned their capacity as individual fighters,” especially did the problem of discipline promise to be a serious one. For these Westerners, who composed the bulk of the regiment, had their own ideas of military formality and their general attitude in that respect is well illustrated in the following inci-

Death Ever Close to Explorer in Malaysia

■ j Tigers and elephants are found tn some parts of the Malay peninsula, but not ordinarily on near-by Singapore Island. Snakes are fewer than might be expected, but they Include 30-foot pythons and the king cobra, the most poisonous of all Known * snakes and the only snabe which Is aggressive enough to attack and pursue a man. For that matter, there are noty cobras tn the Buddhist tem-

dent, among the many which are.given in Herman Hagedorn’s “The Rough Riders.” as related by one of their number, N. A. Vyne: Just before embarking for Cuba the ammunition for the Colt’s machine guns had not reached the regiment and a trooper was sent to the quartermaster for it. General Chaffee happened to be there and the trooper, seeing that he was a high officer, rode to him and said: “Say, Colonel Wood wants the cartridges for them machine guns a heap pronto. We’re goin’ aboard the ship.” Chaffee exploded and bawled him out severely and said: “Don’t you know enough to be a soldier? Why don’t you dismount, salute and stand at attention till I notice you?” “I hain’t no soldier,” replied the trooper indignantly. “I’m a Rough Rider!” After a period of training at San Antonio, the Rough Riders were ordered to entrain for Tampa, Fla., where they would embark for Cuba. There the regiment suffered a bitter disappointment, for when the orders came for the expedition to Cuba it waS learned that only 8 troops of 70 men each were to go (the total strength of the regiment then was approximately 1,000 men) and that their horses were to be left behind. So the “Rough Riders.” probably as fine a body of natural cavalrymen as had ever been assembled under the American flag, set forth to win their laurels in Cuba (fighting on foot! They arrived in Cuba in time to take part in the fight at Las Guasimas on June 24, 1898, where a force of about 1,000 dismounted cavalry, partly regulars and partly Rough Riders, defeated nearly twice their number of Spaniards with a loss of 16 killed arnf 52 wounded. Os the killed seven were Rough Riders and they were buried in a common grave—“lndian and cowboy, miner, packer and college athlete —the man of unknown ancestry from the lonely western plains, and the man who carried on his watch the crest of the Stuyvesants and the Fishes.” Soon afterwards. Colonel Wood succeeded General Young, who was stricken with the fever, as commander of one of the brigades in the cavalry division, commanded by “Fighting Joe” Wheeler, the famous Confederate veteran. This left the Rough Riders in command of their lieutenant-colonel, Theodore Roosevelt, and gave him his chance-to become the “hero of San Juan hill.” Just as it is true that the Rough Riders did no riding, rough or otherwise, in Cuba, so it is true that their historic “charge up San Juan hill” did not, as a strict matter of fact, take place up that hill at all. The real “charge” of the Rough Riders was up Kettle hill, near San Juan hill, and the only mounted Rough .Rider in that charge was Colonel Roosevelt. So the myth of “500 men on horseback standing in their stirrups and galloping along, shouting to one another like polo players, as they charged up San Juan hill,” which has been often repeated needs to be corrected. The right wing of General Shafter’s army (of which the Rough Riders were a part) began its advance against Santiago on the morning of July 1. Exposed to the fierce heat of the sun and under a heavy fire from the artillery, the infantry and the sharpshooters of an invisible enemy, the cavalry division lay for some time before the heights In which the, Spaniards were entrenched awaiting orders to move forward. “Throughout the morning the situation grew worse, but the nerve of the men did not give way, and American individual initiative rose to the boiling point,” writes Carl Russell Fish in the volume, “The Path of Empire” in the Yale University Press “Chronicles of America.” “Realizing that safety lay only in advance, the officers on the spot began to take control. General Hawkins, with the Sixth and Seventh regulars, advanced against the main blockhouse, which crested a slope of two hundred feet and the men of the Seventy-first New York Volunteers joined pro-

ples tn Singapore Itself and sometimes they escape and are captured in unholy kitchens and gardens. Crystals of permanganate are the usual snakebite remedy and are rubbed into the bite after It has been opened with a razor. Monkeys abound. There are some insects more than a foot long and buterflies which measure a foot from wing-tip to wing-tip. The biggest and smallest of everything abound in the

jungle, along with such curiosities as crabs which eat coconuts and fish which eat coraL—New York Times. Oldest Road to Electrify The Mumbles railway, oldest ini Great Britain and believed to be the oldest in the world, is to be electrified The owners, in connection with the ' municipal authorities of Swansea. I England, are undertaking the work i which is expected to be completed by I next March. The Mumbles railway > was incorporated in 1904 and was

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

miscuously in the charge.” His account continues: To the right rose Kettle hill, Jutting out and flanking the approach to the main position. Facing it and dismounted were the First and Ninth Regular cavalry, the latter a negro regiment, and the Rough Riders under Colonel Roosevelt. The Tenth infantry was between the two wings, and divided in support of each. A battery of Gatling guns was placed in position. The Americans steadily advanced in an irregular line, though kept in some sort of formation by their officers. Break ing down brush and barbed wire and sheltering themselves in the high grass, the men on the right wing worked their way up Kettle hill, but before they reached the rifle pits of the enemy, they saw the Spaniards retreating on the run. The audacity of the Americans at the critical moment had insured the ultimate success of their attack and they found the final capture of the hill easy. The longer charge against the center of the enemy was in the meantime being pressed home, under the gallant leadership of General Hawkins, who at times was far in advance of his line. The men of the right wing who looked down from their new position on Kettle hill, a quarter of a mile distant, saw the Spaniards give way and the American center <dash forward. In order to support this advance movement the Gatlings were brought to Kettle hill and General C. C. Sumner and Colonel Roosevelt led their men down Kettle and up San Juan hill, where they swept over the northern jut only a moment after Hawkins had carried the main blockhouse. But even though Hawkins and his regulars had been the first on San Juan hill, there was “honor enough for all.” The charge of the Rough Riders with Roosevelt at their head up Kettle hill had been a gallant one and of the 490 Rough Riders in this engagement, 89 were killed and wounded, the heaviest loss suffered by any regiment in the cavalry division. Many more were doomed to die, either from Spanish bullets or from, the ravages of disease, before their period of service was over. But when it was, their commander was able to pay this tribute to their record in his book: In less than sixty days the regiment had been <aaised, organized, armed, equipped, drilled, mounted, dismounted, kept for a fortnight on transports and put through two victorious aggressive fights in very difficult country, the loss in killed and wounded amounted to a quarter of those engaged. This is a record which is not easy to match in the history of volunteer organizations. The loss was but small compared to that which befell hundreds of regiments in some of the great battles of the later years of the Civil war. but. it may be doubted whether there was any regiment which made such a record during the first months of any of our wars. Today San Juan hill is a national park, having been made that by a decree of President Machado of Cuba last year. A monument tops the hill as a memorial to the gallantry of the Americans who faced the storm of Spanish lead there thirty years ago and helped the Cubans win their freedom. But the Rough Riders have another memorial in

their own land. In the heart of Arlington National cemetery is a plot of ground known as the Rough Rider plot and there stands an imposing monument which bears the insignia of the First United States Volunteer infantry and upon which are inscribed the names of the three engagements in which this regiment engaged—Las Guasimas. San Juan and Santiago. The headstones in the Rough Rider plot carry such historic names as Capron, O’Neill, Kane and Luna; Hall, Carr, Tiffany and Huston; Hamilton Fish, Jr., first sergeant of Troop L, who was one of the early casualties in the Battle of Las Guasimas ; Lieut Thomas W. Hall and Maxwell Keyes, both adjutants, and First Lieut. James R. Church, who acted as regimental surgeon during most of the campaign of the Rough Riders. Corp. George H. Doherty, Sergts. Henry Haywood and Marcus D. Russell, Race H. Smith, Yancy Kyle, Henry J. Haefner, William T. Santo and Oliver B. Norton, battle casualties all. also are there. And only last year another headstone was placed in this historic spot. It is a simple wooden marker, bearing the words “Leonard Wood, Maj. Gen. U. S. A.”

opened three years later. Horse-drawn street cars plied the 5% miles of track for 70 years, and for the last 50 years quaint steam trains, still running on the open road for a considerable part of the route, have carried on the service with practically no deviation from the schedule. Secrete Professor—What did you learn about the salivary glands? Giri-—I couldn’t find out a thing, professor. They’re so darn secretive

Cleanliness and Feed for Calves Two Important Points in Successful Raising of Dairy Animals. (Prepared b» me United State* Department cf Agriculture.) Cleanliness and proper feeding are absolutely essential in the successful raising of the dairy calf, says J. B. Shepherd, associate dairy husband man of the United States Department of Agriculture, in Leaflet No. 20-L, “Care of the Dairy Calf,” just issued by the department Many small dis turbances of the calf’s stomach and digestive system which hinder growth and development are caused by un clean pens, bedding, feed pails and feed. Proper care exercised in keeping the pens dead and well supplied with dry bedding, in washing and scalding the pails after each feeding, and in removing discarded feed from the feed boxes each day will aid materially in giving the calf a good start. Whole Milk for Calf. During the tirst two weeks tlie call should have whole milk, preferably from its mother. Six to nine pounds of milk daily for the first week, di vided equally into three feedings. Is sufficient for the average-size calf. This amount may be increased by three pounds a day during the second week if the calf is doing well. A few calves are raised on whole milk, but it is usually too valuable to feed. Calves do nearly as well on skim milk, and most calves are raised on this feed. If fresh skim milk is not available, dried or powdered skim milk may be fed instead, or the calf may be raised on so-called calf-meal gruels. Although calf-meal gruels are not quite so satisfactory as skim milk, fairly good results will be obtained by proper feeding. Beltsville Calf Meal. A good meal devised by the bureau of dairy industry and known as the Beltsville calf meal consists of 50 parts, by weight, of finely ground corn. 15 parts linseed meal, 15 parts finely ground rolled oats, 10 parts dry skim milk, and one-half part salt To prepare it for feeding, mix to a smooth consistency with an equal weight of cold water. Then add 8 pounds of warm or boiling water for each pound of dry calf meal used. Stir thoroughly until well mixed and allow to stand for several hours. Warm to 100 degrees Fahrenheit before feeding. Mix only enough at one time for one or two feedings. The best results from feeding calf meal gruel are obtained by substi luting it very gradually for whole milk after the calf Is four weeks old. taking at least four weeks to complete the change from milk to gruel. Other factors essential to success in raising the dairy calf during the first six months of life are discussed in this leaflet, a copy of which may be procured by writing to the United Stares Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Care for Quince The quince naturally grows in a dwarfish or bush form. However, if plants are too thick there is no objection to cutting off a part of the old shoots near the ground and lightly cutting back the inside-growing branches of the ones that remajn. This will materially reduce the amount of wood and assist in rejuvenating the plants. A light application of nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia would also be helpful but one must guard against fire blight which is more troublesome on rapidly growing plants. Keep on Spraying The fruit growers must not falter In their spray application if midsummer and fall are to bring in abundant crops of high quality fruit. If the midsummer applications are neglected, much of the benefits which should have been derived from early sprays will be lost and the pests will gain a foothold that will make them more difficult to control. Persistence as well as thoroughness Is a requisite in good spraying. Agricultural Hints | Don't be fooled by poor seed. Test it. • • • Be sure to keep the weeds down, and the garden well cultivated to conserve moisture. • • • Manure should be applied as cheaply as possible. This is accomplished by spreading it during the dull sea sons of the year. * * * Winter rye makes a good fall pasture. Usually hogs can pasture until rape is ready. If they are taken oft in time a grain crop can be had the same season. * • • An application of manure to a mea dow before a cultivated crop or before a black summerfallow will reduce the trouble with weeds. • • * Arsenic, the poison in spray materi als, is not a violent oolson to warmblooded animals and small amounts cause no serious injury. • • • For a small garden the best way to head off those pestiferous striped cucumber beetles is to make box frames covered with mosquito netting, to set over the hills. Planting Soy Beans /-Soy beans drilled 30 inches apart [yield slightly more than when planted JSG inches apart. When 30 inches /apart they must be cultivated with a one-horse cultivator or beet cultivator. One and one-half to two tons of hay is a fair yield per acre. Soy bean hay is relished by cows and is of about the same value per ton as alfalfa hay. It is cut for hay when the pods are well formed. This should be from 90 to 100 days after planting if conditions have been favorable. <•'

RIGHT LOCATION FOR VINEYARDS The best location for commercial vineyards is along the shore of a lake or river. This is because the large bodies of water affect the temperature of the surrounding land, delaying* the warming up in spring and retarding the cold of fall; they thereby afford protection from late spring frosts and from those of early fall, according to the New York State College of Agriculture at Ithaca. N. Y. The outstanding development in vineyard management during the past few years, says Professor Joseph Os- [ kamp of Cornelll. has been in fertilization and pruning. Vineyards making unsatisfactory growth can be improved in vigor and production by annual applications of nitrate of soda. This, applied at the rate of about a third to a half pound to a vine, scattered broadcast in the rows when the new shoots are four or five inches long, gives good results. The kniffen system of pruning and training vines has distinct advantages with vigorous growing varieties such as Concord. This system requires less skilled labor and less actual work for the whole season. It allows easy cultivation and the vines do not need to be tied during the summer. The trellis for this method of pruning has two wires on the posts, one about three feet and the other about five feet from the ground. The posts should be eight feet long and should be set twenty-five feet apart, leaving ' room for about three vines between each two posts. Proper Care for Spray Hose Is of Importance There are many years of service in a good spray hose if it is given proper chre, but in many cases- the hose is never thought of until it is needed. It is then often found to be useless because the rubber has become dry as a result of the hose hanging in a dry . shed and when pressure is applied, the hose bursts, writes J. Marshall Porter in the American Fruit Grower Magazine. Also, a good hose is often made useless because mud bees have built in it. It is a good idea when you have finished with the sprayer to take the hose off and run clean water through it to clean the spray material out thoroughly. Then make a small wooden plug for each end to keep the bees out, coil the hose into a small roll and hang tn the cellar, where there is just enough moisture to keep the dry rot from destroying the rubber. It takes only a few minutes to do this, and one hose treated this way will outwear five that are left on the sprayer in the dry shed. Sprays and Dusts Quite Irritating to the Eyes A few years ago self-boiled limesulphur was the universal §pray for peaches and Japanese plums. Today the dry-mix sulphur-lime spray and sulphur dust have largely replaced the : self-boiled spray, says the Indiana Farmer’s Guide. Self-boiled sulphur, even though it was messy and required i a great deal of time to prepare and use, : possessed one advantage over the newer materials. It caused no great discomfort to the user. Both the dry-mix spray and sulphur dust are irritating to the eyes. It is not unusual for the user of either to suffer considerable pain unless goggles are worn, and goggles are an in- ’ convenience to the operator, especially when spraying. After one has used either dry mix or sulphur dust, he ! should before washing scrub the eyelids and eyebrows : lightly with a soft brush. After washing use sweet milk in the eyes. A small eyewash cup is necessary. The two factors which influence the size and vigor of a strawberry plant the most, consequently the yields, are food and water. • • • Cultivate strawberries as you would any garden crop, by keeping down weeds and loosening the soil about the plants. • » • ‘ The marketing of fruit has become a big, complex It is now a world-wide business in active operation throughout the year. Don’t neglect spraying the orchard because you are afraid of spray residue. Better have sound fruit with residue on than no fruit or worthless fruit without. Spraying rigs are somewhat of a big 'subject. A good one is as important as the right spray- It need not cost u great lot for a small orchard. But get one that will deliver the spray in a fine mist. That’s what does the work. The cost of grafting is still a serious handicap to the method coming I into practical use. Indications are, i however, that cheaper methods will soon follow, and tn the meantime, grape-growers are urged to give the method a trial on a small scale. ♦ ♦ • Several sorts of green aphids maybe found on flowers. • • • If the young orchard is on any except the most fertile soil a cover crop which will gather nitrogen from the air should be planted about the middle or last of August. This may be planted within four or five feet of the spread of the trees. Winter vetch at the rate of 30 pounds of seed to the acre covered is probably the best cover crop that can be used. Sixty pounds of cowpeas to the acre also makes a good green manure crop. ‘

WHAT IT COSTS TO GOVERN US By PROF. M. H. HUNTER Dept, of Economics. University of Illinois. The Cost of Governmental Protection INETY-EIGHT per cent of federal ’ expenditures for protection? This was the percentage reached during the World war. but of course it is not • always so great The federal government has always assumed the role of providing protection against enemies from without This is accomplished through the maintenance of the army and navy. The item for protection occurs in the budgets of both states and cities, although it is relatively unimportant among state In the federal estimates for Ih2B, more than are allowed for the War and Navy departments. Not only must the actual expenditure for the army and navy be considered as costs of defense, but such expenditures as those for interest, pensions, and the veterans’ bureau. The sum of these items makes about 85 per cent of the federal budget. Even in our most peaceful years expenditures for protection have claimed a large share of the total. In 1870 they were over 80 per cent of the total; in IS9O more than 72 per cent. In 1890. when war was farthest from our thoughts, out of a total per capita expenditure by the federal government of $4.75 only $1.79 was for civil purposes. The item of protection is much less in the expenditures of states than in those of cities, being less than 6 per cent of the total tn states and about 25 per cent of the total in cities. The large expenditures in cities goes for the maintenance of .fire and police departments. The other items, such as food inspection, weight inspection and regulation of markets are «>f relatively little importance. The pro- , teetive services of the states are rendered in the regulation of such institutions as banks, insurance companies. public service. con>orati<ns and of the sale of such commodities as seeds, trees, and fertilizers The expenditures of the different states for protection vary greatly tn different parts of the United States. In the New England group the per capita expenditure is about 70 cents; in the east south central group about 15 cents. In Nevada the per capita expenditure is about $1.20 while in Georgia it is but a little more than 10 cents. City expenditures for protection also vary greatly, although it is generally true that the per capita expenditures are larger as the population increases In New York expenditures for pro-j tection are about $9 per capita; in Boston about $10: and in Jersey City about sl2. The items of greatest importance are the maintenance of .police and fire departments. • • • • Tariffs of the United States THE tariff has been an ever-recur-ring topic for discussion tn the halls of congress, and everywhere else, for that matter. One of the first things that the first congress did to pass a tariff bill to raise revenue and for the encouragement and protect tion of manufacture. The rates wdre low and afforded but little protection. But few changes were made in the tariff until after the War of 1812. During the war. because of commercial disturbances, few commodities could be brought from abroad, the result of which was the development of many small, inefficient industries tn this country. The Influx of foreign goods after the war threatened to destroy these industries. The tariff of 1816 was used as a protective device. • and this may be said to. be the 8, first tariff with distinctly a protective flavor. The protectire feature was emphasized still more in the tariff of 1824 and 1828. The tariff unpopular, and was the impetus to a reaction to lower rates. These were found in the laws of 1832 and 1833. Slight increases were made In 1842. but the Walker tariff of 1846* contained the lowest rates since the beginning of the protective policy. During the Civil war the tariff rates were considerably increased, "presumably as an emergency measure, with the hope of securing the much needed revenue. In this they failed, since few goods were imported, but the stimulus given to industry was so popular that the high rates were continued. The, first significant legislation was the McKinley tariff of 1890, in which the rates remained high. Presided Cleveland and a Democratic congress were responsible for the Gorman-Wilson tariff in 1894. In this the rates were lowered, but not to the extent which President Cleveland desired. Many attributed the severity of the panic of 1893 to the low tariffs, which was partially responsible for the reaction in the high Dingley tariff of 1897. Some rates were lowered and some raised In the Payne-Aldrich tariff of 1909. but the net result was little change in the level of rates. A reaction to the high rates came tn the Underwood-Simmons tariff in 1913. Rates were radically reduced, but the advent of the war precludes any judgment as to industrial effects, good ofbad. Soon after the war the Fordney emergency tariff was passed, presumably as a check to the agricultural depression. in 1922 congress passed the Fordney-McCumber tariff, which is now tn force. It is regarded by many as the most extremely protective tariff we have ever had. <©. I*2B. Western Newspaper Union.* Many Feat of Note Masks having noses several feet long are worn by new members during ceremonial rights of the Banning tribe, inhabitants of New Britain, according to Information disclosed during an ethnological exhibition in Berlin. One of the masks was exhibited. Name Hat StucA Porterhouse steak is so called be-, cause this particular cut of beef was| made popular by the proprietor of. a New York porter house.