The Syracuse Journal, Volume 20, Number 46, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 15 March 1928 — Page 2

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ColtjyT ttattZZtAc'. By ELMO SCCTT WATSON

NEW memorial to one of the most romantic, and at the same time one of the most tragic, figures in American history wilt be erected at the scene of one ' period of his career, if present plans are carried out, according to press dispatches from Niagara Falls, N. Y. A meeting of a state commission was held there recently and the project of a $250,000 monument to the memory of Chevalier Robert de la Salle

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and other pioneer explorers of the Niagara district was indorsed by its members. The plans call for the erection of the monument on property to be purchased by the state of New York from De Veaux school for the extension of the Niagara state reservation. This property is located on the .lower gorge bank, overlooking the Whirlpool rapids, and the monument will rise “higher than the famous Brock monument at Queenstown Heights on the Canadian side. At the top of it will be placed a 25foot statue of La Salle and at its base will be a museum for the display of historical relics of the Niagara Falls Historical society. .Standing in the middle of a beautiful park and illuminated with a colored floodlight system the monument will be an impressive memorial to a great American pioneer and the combination of historic and scenic interest which it will have will make it a place in which all Americans will be interested. Though more than 250 years have passed since La Salle played his part in the making of this country, the story of this “Undespairing Norman.” as one writer ha so aptly called him, is still an inspiration to all Americans who admire the type of high courage in the face of many disappointments and the stern refusal to accept defeat which was his. His story has often been told, but few have written of his career better than has the author of the volume, “Crusaders of New France,” in the Yale university press “Chronicles of America” series, William Bennett Munro. From his chapter “La Salle and the Voyageurs,” the following excerpts are taken: Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, like so many others who followed the fleur-de-lis into the recesses of the new continent, was of Norman birth and lineage. Rouen was the town of his nativity; the year 1643 probably the date of his birth. . . . While still in the early twenties he came to Montreal, where he had an older brother, a priest of the Seminary of St. Sulpice. This was in 1666. Through the influence of his brother, no doubt, he received from the seminary a grant of the seigneury at Lachine on the river above the town, and at once begsn the work of developing this property. . . . In the winter of 1668-1669 he heard from the Indians their story of a great southwestern river, which made its way to the “Vermilion Sea." The recital quickened the restless strain in his Norman blood. Here, he thought, was the longsought passage to the shores of the Orient, and he determined! to follow the river. Having no other means to obtain funds with which to / equip an expedition. La Salle sold his seigneury/ and at once began his preparations. In July, 1669, he set off with a party of about twenty men, some of whom were missionaries sent by the Seminary of St. Sulpice to carry the tidings of faith into the heart of the continent. Up the St. Lawrence and along the south shore of Lake Ontario they went, halting at Ironvequoit bay while La Salle and a few of his followers went overland to the Seneca villages in search of guides. Continuing to Niagara, the party divided and the Sulpicians made their way to the Sault St. Marie, while La Salle with the remainder of the expedition struck out south of Lake Erie and in all probability reached the Ohio by descending one of its branches. ... It is believed that desertions among his followers prevented further progress and that in the winter 1669-1670 La Salle retraced his steps to the lakes. In its main object, the expedition had been a failure. Having exhausted his funds. La Salle had. no opportunity of making another trial. He accordingly asked Frontenac (the “Iron Governor" of Canada; for trading privileges at Cataraqui, the site of modern Kingston, where stood the fortified post named after the governor? Upon Frontenac’s recommendation he received in 1674 not only the exclusive right to trade but also a grant of land at Frontenac on condition that he would rebuild the defenses with stone and supply a garrison. The conditions being acceptable the explorer hastened to his new post and was soon engaged in the fur trade upon a considerable scale. La Salle, however, needed more capital than he himself could supply and in 1677 he made a second trip to France with letters from Frontenac to the king and Colbert. He also had the further design of obtaining

Fetes Great Part of Swiss National Life

Switzerland has more fetes each year than any other country of its size. There are more than 2,000, including local festivals in honor of local saints and heroes, whose names and exploits belong to a legendary past. « Thus the country people come into Geneva to take part in the fete of St Gervais, as they have done from time " immemorial. And they dance in the

authority and funds for another trip of exploration to the West. ... In Paris he found attentive listeners to his plans (to seek the source of the Mississippi which Mar- ; quette and Joliet had reached in 1669 but had not followed far enough to determine its outlet), and even the were interested so that : when La Salle sailed back to Quebec in 1678 he brought a royaraecree authorizing him to proceed with his project. With him came a d ring spirit who was to bd* chief lieutenant and faithful companion in the ensuing years, Henri de Tonti. This adventurous soldier was later known among the Indians as “Tonti of the Iron Hand,” for in his youth he nad lost a hand in battle, and in Its stead now wore an artificial one of iron, which he used from time to time with wholesome effect. . . . La Salle’s party lost no time in proceeding to Fort Frontenac. Even though the winter was at hand Hennepin was sent to Niagara with instructions to build the post and to begin the construction of a vessel so that the journey westward might be begun with the opening of spring. Later in the winter, La Salle and Tonti joined the party at Niagara, where the fort was completed. Before spring arrived a vessel of about forty-five tons, the largest yet built for service on the lakes, had been constructed. On its prow stood a carved griffin from the armorial bearings of Frontenac, and out of its portholes frowned several small cannon. With the advent of summer La Salle and his followers went aboard, the sails were spread, and in due course the expedition reached Michilimackinac, where the Jesuits had already established their most westerly mission. The arrival of the Griffin brought Indians by the hundred who marveled at the "floating fort" and to barter their furs for the trinkets with which La Salle had provided-himself. The little vessel then sailed into Lake Michigan and finally dropped anchor in Green bay, where an additional load of beaver skins was put on the deck. With the approach of autumn the return began. La Salle, however, did not accompany his valuable cargo, having a mind to spend the winter in explorations along the Illinois. In September, with many misgivings, he watched the Griffin set sail in charge of a pilot. Then, with the rest of his followers he started southward along the Wisconsin shore. Reaching the mouth of the St. Joseph he struck into the interior to the upper Kankakee. This stream the voyageurs, who numbered about forty in all, descended until they reached the Illinois, which they followed to the point where Peoria now stands. a Here La Salle’s troubles began in abundance. The Indians endeavored to dissuade him from leading the expedition further, and even his followers began to desert. Chagrined at these untoward circumstances and on his guard lest the Indians prove openly hostile. La Salle proceeded to secure his position by the erection of a fort to which he gave the name of Creve Coeuer (Broken Heart). Here he left Tonti with the majority of the party while he himself started with fivfe men back to Niagara. His object was in part to get supplies for building a vessel at Fort Creve Coeuer, and in part to learn what had become of the Griffin, for since that vessel had sailed homeward he had hear) no word from her crew. Proceeding across what is now southern Michigan, La Salle emerged on the shores of the Detroit river. From this point he pushed across the neck of land to Lake Erie, where he built a canoe which brought him to Niagara at Eastertide, 1680. His fears for the fate of the Griffin were now confirmed; the vessel had been lost, and with her, a fortune in furs. Nothing daunted, however, La Salle hurried on to Fort Frontenac and thence with such speed to Montreal that he accomplished the trip from the Illinois to the Ottawa in less than three ’ months —a feat hitherto unsurpassed in the annals of American exploration. At Montreal the explorer, who once more sought the favor of Frontenac, was provided with equipment at the king’s expense. Within a few months he was again at Fort Frontenac and ready to join Tonti at Creve Coeuer. Just as he was about to . depart, however, word came that the Creve Coeuer garrison had mutinied and v ad destroyed the post. La Salle’s one hope now was that his faithful lieutenant had held on doggedly and had saved the vessel he had been building. But Tonti in the meantime had made his way with a few followers to- Green Bay so that when La fjalle reached the Illinois he found every one gone. Undismayed by this climax to his misfortunes. La Salle nevertheless pushed on down the Illinois and early in December reached its confluence with the Mississippi. To follow the course of this great stream with the small party which accompanied him seemed however too hazardous an undertaking. La Salle therefore retraced his steps once more and spent the next winter at Fort Miami on the St Joseph to the southeast of Lake Michigan. In the spring word came to him that Tonti was at Michilimackinac. and thither he hastened to hear from Tonti’s own lips the long tale of disaster. “Any one else," wrote an eyewitness of the meeting, “would have thrown up his hands and abandoned the enterprise; but far from this, with a firmness and constancy that never had its equal, I saw him more resolved than ever to continue his work and push forward his discovery.” Now that he had caught his first glimpse of the Mississippi, La Salle was determined to persist until he had “followed its course to the outlet Returning with Tonti to Fort Frontenac he replenished his supplies. In this same autumn of 1681, with a larger number of followers,"the explorer

streets to the raucous music of the hurdy-gurdy, while the merry-go-round and the cheap-jack add to the gayety of the scene. But the most attractive fetes are those held in honor of the children. One of the prettiest of these, called the Festival of Youth and Gladness, includes all young people between tfie ages of six and nineteen, who walk in a colorful procession to a hilltop, there

to sing chants in honor of their native town and country. Boys and girls alike are dressed in white, the girls carrying garlands of flowers, while the tallest of the boys form a guard of honor with “hallebardes and arbaletes.’’ About 8,000 persons take part in the procession each year.— Kansas City Star. Not True Sympathy A Ail sympathy not consistent with acknowledged virtue is but disguised selfishness. —Coleridge. o

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

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was again on his way to the Illinois. By February the party had reached the Mississippi. Passing the Missouri and the Ohio, La Salle and his followers kept steadily on their way and early in April reached the spot where the Father of Waters debouches through three channels into the gulf. Here at the outlet they set up a column with the insignia of France and, as they took possession of the land in the name of their king, they chanted in solemn tones the Exaudiat and in the name of God they set up their banners. But the French were short in supplies and could not stay long after the symbols of sovereignty had been raised aloft. Paddling slowly against the current, La Salle and his party reached the Illinois , early in August. Here (on the famous Starved Rock, near Utica, Ill.) La Salle and Tonti built Fort St. Louis, and here they spent the winter. . . . Early in 1684 La Salle appeared at the French court with elaborate plans for founding a colony in the valley of the lower Mississippi. To this project the king gave his assent . . and by midsummer four ships were ready to set sail for the gulf. Once more, however, troubles beset La Salle on every hand. Disease broke out on the vessels; the officers quarreled among .hemselvest the expedition was attacked by the Spaniards and one ship was lost. Not until the end of December was the landing made and then not at the Mississippi’s mouth but at a spot far to the west of it on the sands of Matagorda bay. . . Finally in the winter of 4687 La Sal.a with a score of his strongest followers struck out northward, determined to make their way to the lakes where they might find succor. . . The hardships of the journey without adequate equipment or provisions, and the ’ incessant danger of attack by the Indians, increased petty jealousies into open mutiny On the 19th of March. 1687. the courageous and indefatigable La Salle was treacherously assassinated by one of his own party. Here in the fastnesses of the Southwest died at the age of forty-four the intrepid explorer of New France, whom Tonti called —perhaps not untruthfully—“one of the greatest men of his age.” FORT NIAGARA BEING RESTORED Old Fort Niagara, a landmark of fierce Eighteenth and Nineteenth century fighting, is being restored. The- War department has directed Maj. Gen. James H. Mcßae, the commanding general. Second Corps area, at Governors island, to assume supervision over the completion of the project calling for the repair of the ancien? “Castle” as authorized in the Act of Congress approved February 23. 1927. The “Castle” was originally built by the French In 1726 and is located within the walls of an old masonry fort Fort Niagara is located on a wooded peninsula, extending into Lake Ontario, at the mouth of Niagara river. It was constructed by the French in 1687 and for almost one hundred fifty years British, French, Indian and American troops fought for its possession. In 1725 it was rebuilt by the French and considerably strengthened. In 1759 it was captured by the British, who held it until 1796, when it was given up to the Americans. It was recaptured by the British in 1813. but immediately abandoned. The fort is now occupied by the Twenty-eighth infantry, the Cantlgny regiment of the First division. During the Revolutionary war Fort Niagara was a constant thorn in the side of the Colonies. It was from the “Castle” that the expeditions that ravaged southern New York and Pennsylvania were directed. The Wyoming, Cherry Valley and Schoharie massacres were all directed there. Even after the signing of peace at the close of the war Great Britain retained Fort Niagara, but relinquished it in 1796. when it was occupied for the first time by United States troops. The first American flag to fly from the “Castle” after it changed hands was carried through the wilderness by the Empire Loyalist club. The fort was again under the Cross of St. George during the War of 1812. when a party of British and Indians captured it.—New York Times..

Radio for Lighthouses The lighthouse authorities of France have developed a tentative project for 32 radiobeacon and radio fog signal stations for the better protection of the French coast. Hardy Fruit Deciduous fruit is fruit that is borne on trees that shed their leaves in the fall. They are usually hardy or semi-hardy and belong to the rose family.

QIIAMNQS ORCHARDS IN SOD NEED FERTILIZER Apple orchards that are in svd may need fertilizer this spring, according to Prof. Joseph Oskuiup at the State College of Agriculture at Ithaca, N. ■ Y. For such orchards, he recommends \< a readily available nitrogenous fer tilizer such as nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia. This should be applied about two weeks before the trees bloom or when [ tiie buds show green at a time which coincides very closely with the perioil when the delayed dormant spray is applied. It is not necessary that the ter tilizer be worked into the soil; it may be scattered broadcast between the rows. The amount to apply will vary with the age of the trees and other conditions. For trees ten to twelve years old. three pounds should be applied for each tree; trees eighteen to twenty years old, five to sis pounds, and for old. large trees in sod. twelve ‘ pounds each is suggested. Barnyard manure is rich in nitrogen and will give good results if applied at the rate of ten to twelve tons to an acre. It is not necessary to use othei ; nitrates with the manure. Professor Oskamp says. Orchards in reasonably good soil that are cultivated, and in which cover crops are grown, do not usually need fertilizer. Nitrates seem to give best results on poor land and on sod orchards. On unusually sandy soil, acid phosphate and muriate of potash may be needed also, although it is seldom profitable to use them. Burn Leaves and Spray for Cherry Leaf Spot Fallen leaves in cherry orchards in dicate the presence of cherry teat spot. This disease is carried through the winter on leaves, and one of the important steps in combating the dis ease consists in destroying the leave* either by plowing under or burning in early spring. In addition to destroying the leaves a dilute lime-sulphur spray should be applied immediately after the petals fall in the spring, and a second appli cation should be made about two weeks later. A third application can often be applied to advantage just as ter the cherries are harvested. De struction of the leaves, accompanied by a good spraying program, will con trol the disease and enable the trees to retain a healthy foliage throughout the growing season. Most sweet and sour cherries are susceptible to the disease. Sweet cherries are particularly susceptible to lime-sulphur injury, and the mixture should contain 1 gallon of concentrated lime-sulphur to 50. gallons of water. For sour cherries, the spray may consist of 1 gallon of lime-sul-phur to 40 gallons of water. Oil Emulsion Useful to Destroy San Jose Scale The apple orchards with which the writer is familial show somewhat more live scale wintering bver. This would indicate that unless very careful spraying is done this spring the scale may cause some trouble, says a writer in the Illinois Farmer. For apple trees oil emulsion has distinct advantages over lime-sulphur. It is cheaper. It kills scale better and it is more pleasant to use. With all these points against lime-sulphur it is hard to see why the original spray for seal* should not be replaced' by this more modern means of control. In case of very badly infested trees it might be well to use the oil emulsion at a dilution of 2 gallons to 5d gallons of water. It is probable that this might give a little better kill At any rate it will be sure to he concentrated enough to do the work.

| Horticultural Notes ? Manure applied as with the berries or grapes, should, for good results, be put on in the spring. f a a • Muir seedlings have thus far proved to be an exceptionally good root stock for the J. H. Hale peach. • • • Some fruit will be produced even If no pruning is done, but a systematic annual pruning will increase the size and amount of fruit, keep the plants more vigorous and prolong their lives. • • • The best time for transplanting raspberries and strawberries is in early spring, usually some time during the month of Aftril. or as soon as rhe ground become! in workable condition. • *• * Small fruits soon die out in poorly cultivated ground. • • • A new Gravenstein apple which has a solid, dark-red color and is a decidedly attractive fruit as compared with the common Gravenstein is being offered to fruit growers. • • « In the Far West alfalfa and sweet clover are used extensively in the apple orchards. There where the moisture supply is under control through irrigation fruit of fine size and color is produced. Mosaic disease effects all kinds of raspberries as well as many other kinds of plants. • • • With strawberries a mulch to cover them for the winter, consisting of half straw and half horse manure will give them enough to keep them on their job. • • • Lime is a very successful addition to any of the fruit growing soils where it is desired to grow a cover crop of legumes or keep the.orchard j permanently in aweet clover.

tn Hit Own Yard “That fehow Shaw is always lecturng, preaching or scolding.” “Well, we must give O. B credit for one thing—be stays in England to do it" The Urge Mae—Does he really love her? Delores—Why. haven’t you ever noticed the way she ignores him? Man sets up the drinks and the drinks upset the man.

A Voice That Wants to Reach Every Mother Flint, Mich. —“I am the mother of eight children and during each of my

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It is the keeping down ot expenses that makes the upkeep of business. Gossip is a deadly gas that is often fatal to friendship.’