The Syracuse Journal, Volume 20, Number 37, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 12 January 1928 — Page 3

SHE WENT FROM BAD TO WORSE 1 ■■■ "" 1 '■ 5 Down to 98 Pounds — Finally Restored to Health by Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable ' Compound Cleveland, Ohio.—‘‘After having my

■flfirst baby, I lost weight, no matter what I did. Then a doctor told me I would be better If I had another baby, which I did. But I got Worse, was alU ways sickly and j went down to 98 I pounds. My neighI bor told me about I Lydia E. Pinkham’s ■■Vegetable Com-

pound, as it helped her very much, so I tried it. After taking four bottles, I weigh 116 pounds. It has just done wonders for me and I can do my housework now without one bit of trouble.” —Mrs. M. Riessinger, 10004 Nelson Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. If some good' fairy should appear, and offer to grant your heart’s desire, what would you choose? Wealth? Happiness? Health? That’s the best gift. Health, is riches that gold cannot buy and surely health is cause enough for happiness. Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound may be the good fairy who offers you better health. Bunions ■ !, ] Quick relief from pain, [jp; if I Prevent shoe pressure. ■ At all drug and shoe stores SJgUjn DzScholl's Boschee’s Syrup has been relieving coughs due to colds for gixty-one years. Soothes the Throat loosens the phlegm, promotes expectoration, gives a good night’s rest free from coughing. 30c and 90c bottles. Buy it at your drug store. G. G. Green, Inc., Woodbury, N. J. Champions of Mules George Washington and Henry (Clay were the foremost champions of tie American mule. The greatest trouble with the animals since is their own ers.—American Magazine.

Drink Water to Help Wash Out Kidney Poison If* Your Back Hurts or Bladder Bothers You, Begin Taking Salts When your kidneys hurt and your back feels sore don’t get scared and proceed ,to load your stomach with a lot of drugs that excite the kidneys and irritate the entire urinary tract. Keep your kidneys clean like you keep your bowels clean, by flushing them with a mild, harmless salts which helps to remove tfie body’s urinous waste and stimulates them to their normal activity. The., function of the kidneys is to filter the blood. In 24 hours they strain from it 500 grains of acid and waste, so we can readily understand the vital importance of keeping the kidneys active. Drink lots of good water—you can’t drink too much; also get from any pharmacist about four ounces of Jad Salts ; take a tablespoonful in a glass of water before breakfast each morning for a few days and your kidneys may then act fine. This famous salts is made from the acid of grapes and lemon juice,- combined with lithia,,and has been used for years to help clean and stimulate clogged kidneys; also to neutralize the acids in the system so they are no longer, a source of irritation, flips often relieving bladder weakness. Jad Salts is inexpensive, cannot injure ; makes a delightful effervescent lithia-water drink, which everyone should take now and then to help keep their kidneys clean and active. Try this; also keep up the water drinking, and no doubt you will wonder what became of your kidney trouble and backache.

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By ELMO SCOTT WATSON

O THE average American the history of the Revolution in its general outline is a familiar story—the oppression of British rule in America, the rebellion of the Thirteen Colonies, the Declaration of Independence, the selection of George Washington to lead the Continental army, the long, weary struggle against what seemed at times hopeless odds and then

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Yorktown and victory I Then, so they think, the new Republic, with the hero of the Revolution as its first President, started on its triumphant career toward becoming what we fondly believe to be the greatest nation on earth. But they know comparatively little of those stormy years which intervened between the signing of the treaty of peace and the adoption of the Constitution. ncr of the troubled waters through which the new ship of state’ was compelled to sail before it reached a safe haven. Least of all do they realize that scarcely was the Revolution over than tfiese new states, not yet truly united states even though there was a federal government, almost had a revolution of their own upon their hands. It will be a surprise to many to know that there was a time in the early history of our nation when the people of one section of the country were looking upon those of another as oppressors, just as much as the Thirteen Colonies had looked upon King George and his ministers as tyrannical rulers, were threatening to fight for their independence so that they could set up a union of their own and were even seeking foreign aid in their project! Yet these are the facts that modern historical scholarship is bringing to light and giving to Americans a better conception of the many trials through which their nation was z borne and the many factors involved in making that nation what it is today. One of the latest of the products of this scholarship -is the book ‘‘The Spanish-American Frontier” by Arthur Preston Whitaker, recently published by the Houghton Mifflin company of Boston, which deals with this hitherto neglected period in American history. Its story has been touched upon by various historians,'’such as Roosevelt, Windsor, and Henderson, hut none of thpm has attempted to connect up ail the links in the story. When Roosevelt, for instance, wrote his “Winning of the West” he could tell but little that was certain about this period. Now, however, it can be told with greater certainty for Doctor Whitaker, by spending two years as Amherst Memorial Fellow from Amherst college, in France, Spain, England and clew to the Spanish archives has written the fascinating narrative of the days when “through an amazing web of ’ntrigue and diplomacy rhe irrespressible frontiersmen of the old SouthWest burst their way through to the Mississippi. A Dramatic Story A dramatic story is that, and it is an interesting array of actors who appear from time to time In the drama. There are “rough-necked backwoodsmen of the Daniel Boone breed and courtly representatives of the king of Spain, Scotch fur traders and half-breed chiefs of Creek and Cherokee Indians, picturesque rascals, venal legislators” and a host of others. Across the stage strides Bernardo de Galvez, whose conquest of West Florida from the British during the Revolution was the beginning of the contest between Spaniard and American frontiersmen; Conde de Floridablanca, the crafty Spanish minister; “Nolichucky Jack” Sevier, Indian fighter, idol of the frontier and founder of the short-lived state of Franklin; James Robertson, “the Father of Tennessee;” Gen. James Wilkinson, the arch-con-spirator. and some lesser lights in his plots, such men as Benjamin Sebastian and Harry Innes of Kentucky. Then there are otljers whose names are more familiar—George Rogers Clark, brooding over his wrongs at the hands of a nation he had served so well, Patrick Henry, still consecrated to the cause of human liberty; John Jay, Charles Pinckney and above all others, the majestic figure of George Washington. The whole story of the intrigues, the plots and counter-plots, the secret treaties and the various moves on tjie diplomatic chessboard made by Spain, by England, by France and by the young American nation just emerging from its swaddling clothes is tdo long to be told here. But the situation which brought the “men of the western waters”/o the verge of a revolution against their brethren on the Atlantic seaboard is found in the contest between Spain and the new Republic for control wer the Gid Southwest (shown in the map above) and the crux of that situation which reached a climax just 140 yedrs ago was whether

Ancient German Home in Rhineland

Ruins of a cottage dating long before the first Roman invasion of the German border-lands have been exca near Mayen in the Rhineland by Dr. Franz Oelmann, of the University of Bohn. Ruins of the villa type of architecture, introduced by the Romans, are common enough in southern Germany, but this is the first good example of the houses built by the Celts who <><—npied the valley even before

General Reference Map / \ // // /S? 7 LEGEND (% j !, ’ □ Spanish posts «< \ O Towns on the American frontier Stippled area represents American “f s Z ' frontier settlements about 1790. *1 ■ snW / 7 X — — j — / ■ j v 7 L=^— A J l®w

or not Spain had the right to close the Mississippi to tlie frontiersmen who had settled in that territory. In one of the chapters in “The SpanishAmerican Frontier” Doctor Whitaker tells of that littl: known chapter in American »history as follows: By the very mode o! Its settlement, the West of our period was dedicated to particularism (1. e. the theory which leaves each state in a federation free to promote its own interests without regard to tj-e whole). Its communities were established by the individual initiative of land speculator and pioneer in flat defiance of the colonial governments of North Carolina and Virginia—as in the case of the Holston settlements of western’North Carolina and Richard" Henderson’s colony of Transylvania in Kentucky—or with at most the passive acquiescence of the revolutionary state governments, as in the case of Cumberland. By their own efforts these settlements maintained themselves, receiving from the foster-parent state little more than the skeleton of government, which they themselves had to in’vest with living substance. The frontiersmen felt that the Atlantic states were much more interested in western lands than in western people, qnd that even with the best will in the world legislatures sitting at Williamsburg, Va., and Hills-., borough, N. C., were incapacitated by remoteness and the intervening mountains from giving good government to the Mississippi valley settlements. Current ideas with regard to natural frontiers and the economic basis of political systems pointed to the erection of these western communities into separate states with equal membership in the Federal Union, if Indeed they remained a part of it at all. The example of the American Revolution, so vividly recent, exerted a powerful influence over ■ the frontiersmen, who now thought of themselves as playing the part of oppressed colonists, with the Atlantic governments in the role of the tyrant formerly filled by George HI. Declaiming in the manner of Patrick Henry and Samuel Adagns taxation and misgovernment, the frontiersmen followed the process through its various stages of conventions, petitions and remonstrances to the culminating step of a declaration of independence. At first, however, they sought only what the Atlantic colonists had at first tried to secure from England: recognition as autonomous members of a federative empire. This'was the situation from 1783 to 1786. when the indignation of the frontier was directed against the individual states alone and the frontiersmen professed devotion to congress In 1786 the situation assumed a new and dangerous aspect. The frontiermen’s illusion of a beneficent congress was shattered and many of them began to' question the advisability of a continued .union with the Atlantic states on any terms whatever. This change of sentiment was due in part to the resolution of congress authorizing the conclusion of a treaty with Spain that would close the Mississippi to American shipping for a generatic n The "secret” resolution of congress was adopted in August, 1786, and by the following December it was common property in Kentucky. The indignation of the people there was white-hot, and they protested that they had been sacrificed for the benefit of eastern fishermen and farmers. Other grievances increased their ire against congress. The state of'Franklin had applied for admission to the Union and had been rebuffed. Might other frontier communities expect more friendly treatment? The Indian policy of congress was still more offensive to them. Unable to protect the Kentuckians against the northern tribes, congress (seemed actually to favor the southern Indians over tjheir white neighbors in western North Carolina Its commissioners negotiated a treaty with the Cherokee Indians in December, 1785, that ' aroused keen resentment in North Carolina and Virginia, not merely among the frontiersmen, but on the Atlantic coast as well, for it restored to the Indians, under a perpetual guarantee, lands granted and settled under the authority of the state of North Carolina. The result was that by the end of 1786 there were many people in the West who were threatening not merely separation from the parent states on the Atlantic, but secession from the United States. It was no longer autonomy, but outright independence that the more radical frontiersmen were planning, and this new phase of particularism was all the more dangerous because its goal was a new union, a Mississippi valley republic. The very phrnse with which they described themselves, “the men of the Western waters,” suggested unity by indicating the bond of union: all of these settlements were situated on the waters of the Ohio on or near the Cumberland plateau. Indian affairs and the navigation of the Mississippi were matters of common interest in these settlements, and when they were not managed to the satisfaction of the people there, inflammatory addresses were circulated and committees of correspondence formed in Kentucky, Cumberland, Franklin and even western Pennsylvania. So far the frontiersmen had closely and consciously imitated the patriots, of ’76. but there was still one step that they had not taken: they had not yet sought foreign aid against the oppressor. There was curiously enough much talk of British intervention, but it came to nothing. The current of the rivers that passed their doors pointed to Spain as the nation that should play the part of France in this second American Revolu-

the Germanic tribes came, and who gave to the great river its Celtic name of Rhine. The house was built over a timber frame, the gables being formed by long poles set solidly in the earth and then bent toward each other over shorter supporting posts, so that when their ends were lashed together the sides and roof of the house formed a single sweeping curve, like the top of a pointed Gothic arch The spaces

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

were latticed in with lighter wands and covered over with a thick thatch. Houses of this type, Doctor Oelinann states, are known tn the South Sea islands and In some. parts of South America, but for centuries have not been built in Europe, save in certain very Isolated regions of very backward culture. Preserving Newspapers The paper upon which modern newspapers are printed becomes brittle when to air for a long time.

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tion. Floridablanca, however, was no Vergennes, and Wilkinson no Washington. That step, however, was taken when there began tne negotiations between the frontiersmen and the Spanish authorities, looking toward some sort of an arrangement which would be mutually satisfactory, with General Wilkinson acting as agent* for Spain in Kentucky. Wilkinson’s scheme ns presented to the Spanish officers in Louisiana was a sort of double-header in that it offered two alternatives. The government (Spanish) should either build up a Spanish party in Kentucky by a judicious manipulation of commercial regulations on the Mississippi and then foment a revolution that would lesult in its secession from the Union and the formation of a close connection with Spain: or it should adopt an immigration policy with such liberal concessions in the way of land grants, religious toleration and political privileges as would depopulate Kentucky and fill the waste spaces of Louisiana. Climax of Conspiracy When this proposal was put up to the Spanish ministry in Madrid and considered by Floridablanca, it .was met by a proposal, incorporated in a royal order, which would have given Spain pretty much what she w’anted, but which would not have proved at all satisfactory to the frontiersmen. In the meantime things were coming to a head in The climax of the Spanish conspiracy in its first phase came with the convention of July, 1788 (in Kentucky), when, according to Wilkinson, Innes and Sebastian openlv urged the convention to carry Kentucky out of the Union. We know but little of the proceedings of that convention or of the considerations that led the convention to reject the proposal. It was obvious, however, that the analogy so often drawn by frontier agitators between their situation and that of the Atlantic colonies in 1775 was far from perfect. Even admitting genuine grievances and a diversity of interest, the numbers, wealth and political experience of the frontiersmen were inadequate for the maintenance of an independent state, and their geographical situation was extremely likely to entail either a conflict with Spain or subjection to it. The time for independence had not yet arrived. This was the judgment of the convention it seems and that body decided to await the result of the new federal experiment: and when the substance of the royal order of December 1, 1788, was communicated to Wilkinson, it gave the separatist cause another blow. . . Meanwhile the governments on the Atlantic coast had heard reports of the progress of the Spanish Intrigue and rumors of a British intrigue in the West. Alarmed at the prospect of disunion, they took measures to placate the westerners. The legislatures of Virginia and North Carolina both on their own account and in the interest of the frontiersmen. passed resolutions (1788) asserting the inalienable right of their citizens to the navigation of the Mississippi. Virginia gave encouragement to the movement in Kentucky to form a separate state and secure admission in the Union North Carolina extended government facilities in Its West, creating in November, 1788, a district to which it gave the name of "Miro” and erecting new counties. In December, 1789, it pardoned Sevier and restored him to his former offici of brigadier general of militia. In November of that year it again ceded its western territory to congress, and this time the act was not repealed. Congress accepted the cession without delay. . . Even Genera) Washington was so alarmed in 1187 by the ferment in the West that he advised that Jay’s offensive proposals (viz. to accept a closing of the Mississippi) be quietly dropped. In July, 1788, the congress of the Confederation adopted a resolution deferring the Spanish negotiation until the establishment of the new government of the United States, declaring that its citizens had a natural and inalienable right to the navigation of the Mississippi. When the new government was organized in 1789, one of its chief problems was to conciliate the outraged West. . . . There was a manifest design in Washington’s administration to convince the western frontiersmen that a new era had begun, that eastern provincialism was no longer ascendant in national councils, and that western Interests would be safe in the hands of the new federal government. Their efforts were so successful that the new nation was saved from disunion almost at its beginning. So this little-known chapter in American history came to an end. to be almost forgotten until the researches of late years have brought it out again hito the light of day.

Some libraries have solved the problem of preserving newspaper files by mounting each sheet between two sheets of thin Japanese tissue. This seals the paper from the air, reducing its legibility but slightly and strengthening the page. Best of All Physics Physic is of little use to a temperate person, for a man’s own observation on what he finds does him good, and what hurts him. is the best physic to preserve health. —Lord Bacon.

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