The Syracuse Journal, Volume 19, Number 49, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 7 April 1927 — Page 2

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- 'sT A4 4 ' ’*« r \ - 4 ' By ELMO SCOTT WATSON

T WAS Icarus, whose attempt to be the first aviator ended , disastrously wheq the Sun Gpd melted his wax wings and caused him to be dashed to death on the ground. But modern man with his gasoline engine has solved the problem of flying and now travel through the air is considered fully as safe as on land br sea. It descendants of Nogh who at-

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tempted to build the first skyscraper, for It it recorded In Genesis how they Mid. “let us build us a city and a tower, whose ■ - top may reach unto heaven " It Is also recorded there how the Lord was displeased and how He came di-wn and confused the speech of the builders so that none could un derstand the other. ' "Therefore Is the name >f !t called Baber* and the tower of Babel, the first skyscraper, was ne rer completed. But modern man has erected build Ings tai 1 enough to earn tt|e name of “skyscrapers” and he Is still building higher. If “Give me a full-rum large enough and I can move the world” ? was th- promise of Archlnikedes, then “Give ne a foundation solid enough ■ and I can build to the ttkyj" seems v» be the promise of the modern architect. Especially Is this true of the A meric in architect, for, with the exception of the builder of the Eiffel tower In Paris. Americana have reached higher toward the stars with their t Hildings , than have, any other people. Not content with having made the Woolworth building, with Its V stories and Its height of 792 feet, the highest office building In the world. American architects are out for new laurels In "Excelsior!” Ip building. Tor years New York city has held the reoord with the Woolworth, building. bit now Detroit, whose astonishing growth since the war bus made it the fourth largest city in the United States with a population of I.3tk>.oi<U Is threatening to take the honors away from Cot ham. Work has been started on the foundations of the Book tower, which according to present plans. Is to have < stories and tolls- sTH feet high, thereby exceeding the Woolworth building by 27 stuplea and 81 feet. However, New York Is pot going to relinquish the title without a struggle. ftr no sooner were the plans for the Book tower announced than some New I orkers began to dream of a Lar* kin tower, which is too loom above the already lofty New Ypri skyline, 108 atoriev high and rSus feet from the street tn Its pinnacle. If these plans are. ci rried through It wi|l dwarf the Wools rorth building, the present monarch rs tall buildings, by 50 stories ‘and ty more than 400 feet. It will also irfest the title of ‘Tallest manmade structure in the world” from Franc ?. for It will top the Eiffel tower by 224 feet and it will be more than twice as tall as Germany's two con tendeis, the spires of the cathedrals tn trim and Cologne, ’j The proposed Book and Larkin towers tn Detroit and New York, reapertively are further evidence of an interesting rivalry between the two cities In regard to the slaeof buildings. Detroit claim! to have the •Targept” (there’s a dlfferi nee between “largest” and "tall-

New Words Always Are Made Welcome

The American language has a new gem. To the vocabulary adorned by “moriician" and “cosmetician" may now 6* added the newcomer, “beantfeian,** discovered tn large gilt letters <mj. the window at a New York beauty paring Just what Is the fine shade of dl Terence between a “coemetlclan" and n -beautician” only the initiated know but at any rate •‘beautician" is a bU der for lexicographers’ recogni-

Wor/d’> Highest Buildings Hrlckt L<w«Bnlldlnac In Feet Stories tion Larkin I.MB 110 New York Eiffel Tower.... SB4 Parle Hook 873 H 5 Detroit Woolworth 792 S 8 New York Metropolitan ... 700 SO New York Staffer SIX 41 New York | Mnnlcipal 580 24 New York . Waakl a K t o a Waaking- ; Monument .. . 553 ton Bankers* . 539 39 New York Vim Cathedral.. 528 Germany Cologne Cathedral ©24 .. Germany Great Pyramid. 482 Egypt est.” please observe’) office building in I the world in the hqfne of the General j Motors corporation. New Yoyk retorts that Its Equitable building is the "largest." To settle the controversy it would first be necessary to define “largest.” In sheer mass the Equitable is larger; In ground coverage the General Motors structure leads. “Anyway," says Gotham, as though clinching the argument, “ours is worth more. The General Motors building Is valued at ?I''.'**».WM», hut the Equitable building sold for $38.500.<X»0.” What is said to have been the first American skyscraper is still standing 1 in York. Pa. Built in 1778. this modest six-story structure has more than passing historic interest, because it , was there that commissioners of the thirteen states once met In an attempt to regulate prices in the new republic. ( Rut it was not until more than a hundred years had passed that the sky- , ©crai»er began to be a distinctive feature of American architecture. Dtir- , Ing the eighties the skeleton frame building began to be a common type , and the city of Chicago, which has | long since been outstripped by New ‘ York in the race toward the stars, became the center of skyscraper bulldI Ing activity. The Tacoma building. 13 stories high, erected in 1888. was probably the first distinctive skyi scraper. The next year the Auditoj Hum building exceeded it In both height and slr.e. Then in 1890 the Masonic temple was built and for a genI eration it was a landmark—one of the I “sights" of ('hlcago which all visitors ' I made a sj<ecial point to see. II In the meantime New York got into . the race and the Flatiron building tn I 19D7 became as famous in New York las the Masonic temple in Chicago. Up > until this time 20 stories was consid- . ered about the limit for the height r of a skyscraper, hut this limit was , soon passed. Although the tower type ’ of skyscraper originated in Chicago. , New York developed the modern ex- , pression of thia type, and it was then » that the tail buildings began to soar i to hitherto undreamed-of heights. The j Singer building tower on lower Brottd- . way with its 41 stories and height of ( 612 feet was able to enjoy Its preI eminence for only a short time. Then . the Metropolitan tower eclipsed It , with 50 stories and a height of TOO r feet. Last and greatest came what , has been called the “skyscraper par . excellence" —the Woolworth tower. 58 , stories, 792 feet high. It is still rhe tallest building in the United States. . and until the plans for the Book and . the Larkin towers become a reality It . will continue to hold that distinction. ! Even if the Larkin tower is built t and thereby takes for itself the title a of “world’s tallest building.” there is - no assurance that it will retain that

tion. and though old Dr. Sam Johnson may stir uneasily tn his grave, the new word in all probability will be adopted by the craft, and mayhap ultimately will jimmy its way into the dictionary. After that it will remain only for the followers of the ancient and honorable art of plain and fancy shoveling to be dubbed ’spadiclans." It may detract some from the drama to bare poor Yorick’s skull tossed out

honor long. For, judging by the past, the future may see taller buildings than are even now cohsidered possible. When the 20-story skyscraper was the tallest few persons would believe that a 40-stqry building was probable. But now that we have a 58-story structure and a 108-story one is planned, who will venture to say that a 200story skyscraper is improbable or even ■ Impossible? It’s not either, as a matter of fact, for engineers say that an office building thousands of feet high is entirely possible and it wouldn’t be especially difficult to build. In fact,tlie engineering question Involved in determining how high a skyscraper i shall he is the least of it When it is said thft the engineering question involved is the least problem, let it not be thought that building i skyscraper is an easy task. For all that modern time and labor-saving machinery and modern methods have made construction work seemingly al- , most a mere matter of waving a magic wand, the building of a skyscraper takes months and even years. Some one has said that “a skyscraper is something like an Iceberg—there is more to it than appears above the surface.” Obviously the higher you build ti»e deeper and stronger must be your foundation. The Woolworth building, for example, has foundations extending 110 feet below the surface of the street! So the materials and labor which go into a skyscraper are by no means the only elements in its eost. The exjtenpe of excavating and laying the foundations before you can even begin building represents a huge sum in figuring skyscraper costs. Another engineering question Involved is that of stress and strain on 1 the materials in the skyscraper itself —granted that its foundations, which are now figured out with the utmost ■ preciseness, are adequate. The proh- . pern of bracing against high winds Is 1 one of the most Important. The average pressure exerted on tail buildings by th# wind, according to the inves- > tlgations of the United States bureau ■ of standards, is not more than 22 pounds per square foot However, in l building a sky scraper a generous al- ' lowance In the cross bracing is always made for a much greater prest sure than that. i The tests made by the bureau of standards show that to exert aspres t sure of 22 pounds to the square foot. - the wind must blow at the rate of I 76 miles an hour, or the equivalent of • 100 miles an hour Indicated speed. Tn • exert a pressure of 30 pounds per’ . square foot, the wind must blow 88.6 • miles an hour or 118 miles an hour i indicated speed. During the Florida i ’ I hurricane the wind rose to a speed of ’: 120 miles an hour and skyscrapers in - Miami rode through It unharmed. lr. i f fact the Woolworth building is de- > • signed to withstand a wind velocity » of 250 miles an hour. Skyscrapers are t so built that the force of the wind lai 4 usually broken up in various ways t and the buildings rarely have to with r stand high pressure for any length of • time. So it is safe to say that the r least danger the skyscraper is ever - Id is that of being blown over. 1 A previous reference to the monut mental task of excavating for a sky- ■ scrat>er is well Illustrated by the estit mates for the new Larkin building in e New York. Excavations for the b foundations, which are to go 44 feet t below street level, will make it neces-;

by any save a grave digger, but the combination of “mortician*’ and “spadiclan" administering the last corporeal acts of mercy ought to go far to rob death of Its victory and the grave of its sting.—Philadelphia Public Ledger. Tlhe Royal Carrot Whenever King George goes horseback ridlnr In Hyde part a groom Is awaiting ais return to Buckingham palace with a carrot fsom the royal garden. After dismounting the king

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

sary to remove 30.M00 cubic yards ol earth and 50,000 cubic yards of rock Some of the other statistics are nc less impressive. The walls will call for 400,000 eight-inch terracotta tile (laid end to end they would reach more than five miles) while the partitions will require 400,000 two and three-inch tile and 700,000 six-inch tile (a total of more than eight miles of these). Three million face brick and 5,000,000 common brick will be required and the steel (no wood will be used) will amount to 40,000 tons : or a trainload 22 miles Tong. From these figures it is easy to see ‘ what a Herculean task for mere man : is the building of a skyscraper. But man’s ingenuity has overcome even greater tasks so, as has been said before, the engineering problem in erecting high buildings is a minor one. More important is the traffic problem. 1 The skyscraper, if it is used as an office building as most of them are, must be easily accessible to workers. With traffic congestion an increasing ly serious problem in most of our * large cities the location of a skyscraper, from and to whose office will go thousands every day, on a narrow and already congested street, would mean tying traffic up in even tighter knots. It Is to obviate such troubles as these that most cities have zoning regulations which say very definitely where skyscrapers can or cannot be built. So zoning rules form another skyscraper problem. When the traffic problem is referred to, It does not necessarily mean the traffic problem outside the building. 1. e. transportation facilities for carrying the office workers to and from their work. Important as Is that consideration, more Important in determining the height to which future skyscrapers will rise Is the problem of transportation within the building, how office workers on the 104th floor in the Larkin building, for instance, are to get to and from their offices. The use of elevators, of course, has made the skyscraper possible and elevator Improvements so far have kept pace with skyscraper building. How long they will continue to de so is another question. The Equitable building has 63 elevators, the Woolworth 29 and the General Motors building 27. More than 90,000 persons use the Equitable elevators daily. The Woolworth building has the fastest elevator in the world, one which goes from the street to the 55th floor In one minute. The Larkin tower is to have 60 elevators, two of which will go to the 82nd floor, where its passengers will “transfer” to shuttle cars which go on to the higher stories. Even though the elevator system so far has been able to take care of the skyscraper’s needs, it may be the deciding factor in determining the height ’of tall buildings. For, as a writer In the New York Times recently pointed out. “the problem here is, first of all. concerned with the tremendous length of the steel cables which the cars require, since after n certain moint the weight of the cable snaps the cable ItSeif no matter hew strong It may be, or, rather, 'because of It. By a repetition of the shuttle car system to the top floors any de- ■ sired height could be reached, but if it were carried out on an extensive scale It would make the top floors of little value by reason of its Inconvenience. Few business men would care to be habitually subjected to such extensive and elaborate traveling to reach their offices. “So, from an economic point of view./ success depends upon direct elevator service. Os course, the elevators now made could go higher than 82 floors, but here another obstacle appears that makes such a procedure economically inexpedient, too. It Is the fact that the additional cables and machinery required would take up so much room—reducing the renting space, always a paramount consideration —that builders would not favor them." So again a factor within a factor — the engineering and economic factors tn the factor of the elevator appears ready to say to the skyscraper builder. “This high shall you go and no higher.” This same economic factor is also In the engineering problem of the building itself. There apparently Is no limit to the height to which the skyscraper can be built, with an adequate foundation and with the intricate system of cross bracing which modern engineering provides to take care of stress and strain. But the higher the skyscraper rises the more space there must be . < ■ -.'s<ary' girders and pillars and bracing. The result is that If future buildings rise to even greater heights they will necessarily be little more than masses of steel with very little office room left In them after space la given for the elevator service and for bracing in the interior construction which guarantees safety. Hence no office room, no rentals to pay on the investment and no real reason for building them higher. If the skyscrajter could be regarded as a permanent Investment, the sums required for It* erection and upi keep might not seem so formidable. : But. compared to the time and effort necessary to build them, their existence is brief. They outlive their usefulness in 20 to 40 years. They do not deteriorate and crumble away, ot course; they are torn down to make way for higher buildings. Eighteen and 20-story buildings which were intended to be permanent are now being torn down to make room for higher ones. They in turn in the future probably will be supersedes! by even higher, and where the limit is, no one has yet dared predict.

gives the Carrot to his horse and the horse gratefully rubs his nose against the king’s arm. It is said that the discerning animal will not accept the carrot from anyone else and refuses to be led away without it. Ended Long War On February 10, 1763, the first treaty of Paris was signed. It marked the end of the old French and Indian war. which bad lasted about nine years. In the end. Canada was ceded .by France to England.

THE LITTLE STARTER (©. l>«. by D. J. Walah.) ROY SNYDER was a bus driver. In love with Ella Charters, the pretty little information clerk, who sat in the glass box office at the service station. Roy was a dear, with merry blue eyes and a mouth that seldom drooped at the corners—that is, it had seldom drooped until along about June, 1924. Then it threatened to develop a perpetual slant when Ella refused to go to the altar on Roy’s salary of SIOO per. “That monstrous fabrication that two can live as cheaply as one is nothing but . . . honey boy,” Ella avowed when Roy tried to persuade her to chuck her job and start housekeeping for two In a three-room flat. “With $75 a month all my own, I have to do my laundry at night and eat in cafeterias to make it do.” “You wouldn’t if you didn’t want so many dresses, silk stockings and fancy slippers,” stubbornly protested Roy. “But I want ’em—such as they are. If you knew anything you’d understand Tm pretty clever to make any sort of a showing on what’s left after paying for eats and the room rent.” “Oh. I know you’re clever. That’s the whole darn rub! You manage to look so durn nifty you attract the Johnnies even over the telephone. You'd think people in this town who want to use the bus line couldn’t read by the way they flock around your window and call up for information. What’s the company run a daily ad in the newspapers for, I’d like to know? But you got to marry me, Ella, you Just got to.” “All right. I’m willing enough, once you get a little starter. That threeroom flat, in my case, must be an apartment, and they are still $45 a month for rear ones,” “I know they are on the boulevard ar any of the swell avenues. But if you loved me you’d be content to make a home for me some place where rent wasn’t so high. A hall bedroom is the largest’ size castle I’ve known so far, and TH tell the world any place that spells home with you in it will look like a palace to me!” Then Roy began to study ways and means of putting by more of his salary to fatten the starter Ella demanded. He discovered that the dairy lunchrooms and hot-dog counters were cheaper than cafeterias, and the savings went to swell the bank account. “What’s the big idea , working evenings?” Ella complained when Roy began taking the 6 p. m. hours for men who wanted those hours off. “You. my dear! I’ve only five hundred of that thousand you insist on having to begin the housekeeping game on, and I’n| trying to get the other five hundre<*pronto.” “Don’t you think I ever want to go places?” “Sure !” “You don’t act like it.” And Ella argued, scolded and pouted about being lonesome, though she was secretly pleased at her lover’s determination. Elia decided to work evenings, too, and she asked the manager to let her write up the reports after regular working hours. Roy didn’t like that. The service station, with a parking garage attached, waa no place .for a girl after dark. “No one will bother me.” Ella declared when Roy objected. “It adds $lO to my pay. and with you working so frequently I’d rather be at the station than sitting tn evenings alone.” Roy couldn’t persuade'her to abandon the overtime work, so he had to content himself by asking Donegan, the policeman on that beat, to keep an eye on the station the nights Ella was on duty. He made up his mind to punch anybody’s face who tried to »tart anything with Ella. A week later the first cyclonic storm that had visited the city in ten years began to gather during the rush hour for theater goers. It was terrific while it lasted, but, like all cyclonic storms, was quickly over, leaving wet, debris-strewn streets. Roy took a chance on leaving his route for a block, to run by the service station to see if Ella was safe. Her smiling countenance in the glass box office reassured him, and he speeded up as Donegan appeared and shook his club at him. A block farther up the street he was hailed by two men, one carryng a black bag. Passengers for the depot, thought Ray, and paid no more attention to them. He had enough to do to watch for the wreckage in the street, and soon he came to a block where a house had been unroofed. None of the family had been at home. Roy’s passengers left the bus with a murmured, “It’s an ill wind that doesn’t blow somebody good. This is going to be an easy one.” On his next trip uptown, great ex-

Many Prominent Men Sons of Merchants

At a political meeting in England, a nobleman and his supporters ventured to speak slightingly of several of his distinguished opponents because either they or their ancestors had been “concerned in trade." This aspersion excited a young journalist to action, and the next morning there appeared in his paper a list of names so illustrious and formidable as to end all argument on the subject This was his list: Euripides was the son of a fruiterer ; Vergil, the son of a brickmaker; Boccaccio, the son of a merchant; Bunyan, the son of a traveling tinker; Luther, the son of a miner; Columbus, the son of a weaver and originally a weaver himself; Shakespeare, the son of a butcher and wool stapler; Ben Jonson, the son of a mason; Cowley of a grocer. Milton of a scrivener, Fletcher of a chandler, Pope qf a linen draper, Collins of a hatter, Thomas Moore of a grocer, Jeremy Taylor of a barber, Defoe of a butcher and himself a hosier. Rabelais of

citement prevailed in that block and the crowd was fast becoming a throng in and around the damaged house. Roy’s passengers all wanted to learn what the excitement was, and Roy himself left the bus and joined the crowd. There had been a robbery; $5,000. hidden in the attic, had been stolen. Roy heard the owner tell a policeman he would give SI,OOO to recover the bonds. He rushed back to his bus cursing himself for a fool. Why hadn’t he stuck around on his first trip uptown and watched those men with the black bag? They learned, as robbers have a way of learning such things, that the man had taken those bonds home that afternoon, and one of them had probably been watching the house to see if the family left it. At that moment Roy’s attention was attracted, and he nearly reeled h-om his seat. Right in front of the depot he was again hailed by two men. one carr/ing a black bag. Roy’s heart began to pound with paralyzing force, then it dragged with fear of their recognizing him. He pulled his cap far down over his eyes and bent his face over the steering gear as the fare was dropped into the box. When the door was closed on them as passengers he sent the bus forward with more speed than usual and avoided .seeing any other persons who hailed him. In the neighborhood of his service station he left his route in the hope of seeing Donegan, but that individual had gone into the office for a drink of water. Roy had to begin circling the block the second time, then he glimpsed the man peering out of the window and pressing the buzzer. Roy jammed his brakes and shot the bus aefioss the street with terrific speed. Then he made a dangerous skidding circle, winding and twisting his wheel as if trying to get control of it. “Let us out. you d—-n fool!” bellowed the man with the bag, springing from his seat, followed by his companion. Roy paid no attention to anything except the bus until he saw Donegan coming toward him on the run, then he plunged straight across the street with a mighty grinding of brakes and Jisaked against the curb. “What’s the matter, kid, did she run away with you?” "No, arrest those men.” he commanded. throwing open the door of the bus. Three hands started for hip Jockets, but Donegan’s was the quickest. “What’s the charge, kid?” he asked, taking the step with leveled gun covering the two passengers. “Get this bag and let’s have a look into it,” replied Roy. “Pass over the bag,” ordered Donegan. The man carrying it handed it to Roy, and when he snapped it open the first thing that met his eyes was a package of negotiable bonds. “Take the handcuffs from my pocket and clamp them on those birds,” Donegan ordered. , • , Roy obeyed without a word, but his face beamed as he turned and saw Ella standing close to the step of the bus. “I was afraid to breathe when I saw you skidding all over the place. I looked every second for you to be killed.” “That little skid gets me that thousand you want for a starter, girl o’ mine,” almost sang Roy to the blushing confusion of Ella. Indian Boy Lovea Doga Tfie Indian boy shares his cookies with the dog Just like the puppy-lov-ing paleface youth does. Six-year-old Joe Belt of the Glacier National parkreservation has four dogs following him to school every day. Cookies are a scarce article in Joe’s little tin lunch box. so he saves the nickels and dimes he gets from Glacier park summer tourists. In this way he has a fund with which he buys “store cookies in packages” at the agency trading post. Once a week he gets a package as dessert for himself and the dogs share the goodies with him on Fridays. Queen of Perfumea Attar of roses is probably the best imitation of the rose in the way of perfume. It is said that the finest product is prepared at Ghazipoor in Hindustan. It is also imported from Bulgaria, Persia, Syria and Turkey. The perfume is extracted from rose petals and it takes from 180 to 200 (tounds of roses to make one ounce of attar. There are about 200 roses to the pound and an acre of land will produce only from ten to twelve ounces of attar. The result is, it Is very extensive. The Modemiat Bible A lot of people in the land talk about wanting the good old Bible of their fathers. Most of them never read it. For 14 books of the Bible —the Apocrypha —have been out of the Bible for 100 years, despite the fact that the curse is on anyone who takes away “one Jot or one tittle” from the Bible.—Emporia Gazette.

an apothecary. Moliere of a tapestry maker, and Rousseau of a watchmaker. To this list we may add a few more such as Keats, whose father was employed in a livery stable, and John Paul Jones, whose father was a gardener. Nor can we omit Samuel Johnson, Thomas Hood, or Anatole France, all sons of booksellers. —Market for Exchange. Area of Palestine Palestine or the Holy land, the land of Canaan of early times, extends from the Mediterranean sea eastward to the River Jordan and the Dead sea. and from the Egyptian frontier on the south to the French mandatory sphere of the Great Lebanon mountains on the north. The area of Palestine' west of the Jordan is about 9.000 square miles. Chime whistles are being used by some railroads to eliminate the harsh effect of locomotive whistles.

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W. N. U., FORT WAYNE, NO. 18-1927.