The Syracuse Journal, Volume 19, Number 39, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 27 January 1927 — Page 2
The Most American vv vX/* :■ Hr FV- Ju? ••- • ■ , > .♦ - •*j . *3* -v :—///•* w- kA' -ZLLIMi V * » ■• >®u- ' r \ r - wJMk _ . ft '»*- jggF * t< MHfIKSOteA I ; : S<JI " /KK ' ‘ wSmTV W "'Ai''*' Vs fK -'¥L t IM ¥1 S9K SSfe " 3bß \ißß&ffli wit By ELMO SCOTT WATSON iSg®
RECENT biographer of Benjamin Franklin has characterized hltn as “dhe first civilized American" because "at an American period eminent for narrowbess, superstition and bleak beliefs; h? was mirthful, <enerous, open-n»tnde<i, learned, tolerant. humor-lovipg, and becauy he was the first American man of the
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world in the sense that he was the first American woridman." Although this biographer does not add to this, lot of characteristic the wprd "versatile’ It is that quality in this ■first civilized American” 1 vhi<*h strikes you most forcibly as you read the stcry of his life. ' ' Franklin, as the first outstanding printer and newspaper publisher, has come- to' be regarded as • sort of * patton saint” of the art preservative ■ in this country, and January 17. his birthday, is a red-letter day in the calendar of all printers and . publishers. I This year it Is being observed all over the country as "Newspaper Day” and the week of January 15 to 22 as “Thrift Week.” because it was Fra iklin who. even long before Americans became noted for their spendthrift ways. l>egan td preach he gosjtel of "the penny •saved," ' z However much printers and publishers may claim Frnrklin for their; own. tihey must share him with <<th«'c professions in wi»ose activities this nmtij •odcl man took part. Besides h<-ing a printer and publisher, Franklin was an Inventor, philosopher. sriet tist. writer of literature. diplomat. politician. military expert and business man. Taken as an individual in any one of these roles. Franklin Is interesting. for he could,not only do many things but he could do many things well. Consltier him in all of them. and he become* not only “the first civilized American” land the “most <Mrsatile An»ri<an” but one of the really great men of al time. ’Franklin's life «tory. as revealed In his autobiography. which is rated as real is familiar In its tenoral outlines to njetirly all Americans. But not all Americans know about the innumerable little "hi man interest" Incidents of his career which, tacen together, make him such a fascinating figuni as he emerges from the shadows of legend and tradition of two hundred years ago and bee >me> i Ihlvg. breathing personality. Thr<»ug i his autobiography We learn of his early . history— !tow he is apprenticed nt the age of twelve trt his brother James, a printer in Boston; how'he become* a newspaper writer by slipping Ids anonymoualy slgned contributions under the door of his brother's printshop and enjoying with secret delight the praise of his works; how. at the age <jf seventeen he becomes a publisher when Ids brother falls under the displeasure of the authorities and upon him devolves" the duty of .issuing the Mew England Courant nnd how he makes that newspaper such a lively and readable one. because Its young editor is such a freethinker and foe of intolerance, that It is constantly tn trouble with the powers-thaVbe. Then ; follows Benjamin's quarrel with Ids brother, bls migration to Philadelphia, there. aa the story-book tale goes, to walk down the street with tW huge roll of bread kinder bls arm and to be laughed at by pretty Deborah Read who 1$ later to becofite his wife. After various vicissitude* of including a wild-goose chase to England, the yotfiig printer becomes foreman In the printing plant of one Samuel Keltner, who-appears to have been a i shift lees sort of person. There Is a sad . huk of;new type tn the shop and young Franklin casts It—the first made in America. Next; we find him starting “on his own” by Issuing the Ptensylvanta Gazette from the print* ing ph nt UT*which he and Hugh Meredith are partneis. As publisher of the Gazette we discover Franklin as the shrewd editor who knows bow t< build reader interest In his paper (and cirrula Ion). He originate* the practice of writing letters t<* the editor and engaging In dispntes . with himself in order to gethts readers to “write in to the paper" and then buy many copies of the pa >er in which their names were printed. But these are only a few of the historical “firsts” In journalism which can be credited to Ben Fianklin. When tils competitor. Bradford, the public; printer, does a sloppy job of printing a legislative address, Ben reprints It carefully and sends ia copy to each legislator- This subtle bit of advertising has the desired effect. Franklin's firm I* the first to take the.legal printing away from it competitor, for the legislature transfers the from Bradford to Franklin and Meredith. Then SFfhnklln buys out his partner and b«><ome* sole owner of the He Is the first to put newspaper work on a business basis and not • content with running a paper tn his own city, bn sets dp publishers in other colonies under a part* nerahlp arrangement, from all of which he profits. At pbout this time, too, begins Franklin's career
Long Association of Storks and Babies
Ont «f °ld superstitions about birds 1 arose' the still current association of atcrt* and table*. The white stork of the Old world taa very pronounced trfgn >t«rr habit*. It spends Its aummers h» Holland. Germany or Den- < and tta winters in Egypt, the Btarta' Palm beach, Deauville or Rirteri Home to Mr. Spark 1* that
' x j„ . Jill -if' H n+rnV I iratal Jr T ' -'T -n In l-=— JI
as a philosopher in his poor Richard's almanac (first Issued, in 1732) and in his formation of the Junto, a club'at which Ben and his fellows discuss ail manner of philosophical questions. Next he enters”public life, gets himself elected clerk of the assembly and lit XvanN a member of it. So he becomes the first jpuhlisher to dip into politics. Science next attracts this many-sided individual, for it is an easy transfer of Interest from the abstract questions of human conduct, talked over at the Junto, to the concrete questions of natural phenomena. He is fascinated by the Leyden Jars. • So he makes a kite of -a silk handkerchief, sends it up in a rainstorm and a cjharge of electricity travels down the twine to the key tied on It and a spark leaps off to his hand. He has not “discovered’’ electricity, but he has dramatized M and when he writes monographs on his experiments. Europe begins to take notice of this. American colonial. A dlslUe for the open fireplace which bakes his tore and allows bls back to freeze leads to the invention of the Franklin stove which has been called ‘one of the first contrivances to banish barbarism from the American home and give it a civilizing eonkfort marveled at by the world." At the age of forty-two, Franklin sells his printing business and- resolves to devote himself to science and invention. But be decides as suddenly to return to politics and becomes t>ostmaster general of the rolonlea. Here, it seems, he overlooks a chan.ee to become the originator of a convenience. for he neglected the opportunity to invent the postage stamp. In those days the receiver, not the sender, paid the postage upon receipt of ’ the letter. j In 1754 Franklin is urging the formation of an American congress to consider means of protection against the French and Indians, using the device of the snake cut into 13 pieces, representing the Thirteen Colonie®, and the celebrated motto of “Join or Die.” When the congress does convene at Adbany. Franklin lays before it his plan for the fusion of the colonies. Even though It is turned down, the germ of the idea of unity In purpose, so necessary for the Revolutionary struggle which Is to follow, has been planted In the minds of Americans. ■ When Braddock sets forth upon his unhappy - expedition it is Franklin who raises the army of wagoners necessary to haul Braddock’s supplies and Franklin and young George Washington are the o» ‘jr two men in the colonies for whom the haughty general has much respect, even though he does disregard the advice of both about the dangers of fnltlug into an ambuscade. It Is during this war that Franklin has hts first and only taste of military life. He becomes General Franklin 1 and leads an expedition against the Indians. But \ after two months of ibis life he retires from it \and returns to Philadelphia. \ He needs no military laurels to add to his tome ffor be 9»>n embarks upon bis career as a diplomat which brings him his greatest renown. He goes ?to England and appears at a hearing before the bouse of commons on the much-disputed stamp
where the young are raised, says a writer In the Kansas City Times. He returns every season to the same haunts, and with him he brings his now mature offspring. Old nests are retenanted. new ones constructed when necessary. The inhabitants of a house ehoeen by • stork are looked upon with entry by the neighbors and con tidered lucky, indeed. Out of this so-
that a baby would be brought to the i bouse whose chimney tyas occupied by a stork. In the same way arose the superstition about birds entering a house, i Rural American and peasant Europe i sllU maintain that lt*is a bad omen—- > a harbinger of death—if .a winged i creature enters, unbidden, into a > home. The fact that a number of i deaths from perfectly natural causes occurred after the visits of chimney . swallows was taken as sure proof that
V THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL
tax act aud there wins his first diplomatic vi< tories, For ten years he works for the Interest’s of the-colonies in the mother country and then returns to America on the eve of the Revolution. He is ans»ng the signers of- the Declaration of Independence and helps found the new republic. Then arises the necessity for some one to go to France to secure aid for the rebellious colonies. Franklin, now past seventy-one. is delegated to go. He lands in France,’ wearing the quaint tor cap which he “clapped on his head whenever he had to gratify public curiosity in France and show him self a real American pioneer.” in thus dramatizing himself he catches tbe public fancy (the women of the gay French court begin dressing their hair, a la Franklin, in imitation of the tor cap) and wins sympathy (and the necessary aid) for his country’s cause. As one writer has put it, one of the really great figures of tbe Revolution to “our grandfather Franklin, who trotted through a perfectly cold and selfishly contemptuous French court, aged, alert, cheerful to the end” and made himself the best-loved American, even to-this day., in France. In fact, over in the Paris of today (on I>ecc<nl»er 6. 1926). the sesquicentennial anniversary of Franklin’s arrival in France, observed at the annual dinner of the Anglo-American Press Association of Paris, was a /ove-feast of three nations, honoring the first and most famous American newspaper man and “Paris correspond ent”—Benjamin Franklin. When the Revolutionary struggle ends I’ranklia Is still in France and bas a hand in the«preljminary negotiations for signing the peace treaty. Then, after elgbt yews in France, he begins f> long for home. So Tyomas Jefferson is sent to relieve him. When Jefferson to presented to Count de Vergennes, the Frehch foreign minister, the Frenchman asks, “Is it you. monsieur, who replace* Dr. Franklin?" “I am only his successor, sir,” replies Jefferson. "No one can replace him.” ; Work still awaits Franklin upon his return <fhome. He participates in the constitutional con-, vention in Philadelphia and much of ids wisdom? la written into our Constitution. He to elected governor of Pennsylvania for the third time. The** he retires finally from public life. On April 17; 1790, “the most versatile American” .o*- : sleep. Scientist, diplomat,/philosopher, world figure —when tbe end approached his thoughts turned to bls first love —tbe printing art So this was the epitaph which he wrote for himself: Th® body of B. Franklio Priater Like the cover of an old book Its contents torn out. And stript of its lettering and gilding Lie* bore food for worms. j But the work shall not be wholly lost For it w>U. *• be believed, appear one* mor* I* a mw and mor* perfect edition Corrected and amended By the author.
creatures, ordinarily so Inoffensive. EsJttmo Religion The Eskimos in Greenland and Labrador are, with few exceptions, nominally Christians. The native religion is a vague animism and consists of a belief tn good and evil spirits. limited each to Its own sphere, and in heaven and hell. A childish faith is placed in native wizards, who are regarded as intermediaries between mankind and the spirit-powers. Woe
BUlWLjig TEST IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TIRES The United States bureau es public roads, in a statement just issued on a series of recent tests to determine the magnitude of the impact of different kinds of motor truck tires over a period of fdur years, declares that thickness and narrowness of tread rubber are desirable in reducing road impact and that increasing the thick-* ness or profile height of rubber has a very marked effect in reducing road impact in both single and dual mountings. The experiment in finding out the relative'amounts of impact exerted on road surfaces by different kinds of motor truck tires was called the “static test.” It consisted, according to the bureau, in mounting of a tire in a machine and slowly applying loads, noting the vertical deflections as indications for sketching deformation curves. The hardness of the tread rubber was measured by an instrument known as a durometer. The bureau, in using the test machine, stated that in applying the test data it should be remembered that an impact force, expressed in pound units, does not necessarily haXe the same effect upon materials as a static force of the same numerical value In pounds. The '‘important conclusions to date” are given in full text as follows : 1. Maximum impact forces obtained with motor truck tires in service can be measured with an accuracy sufficient for the needs of this investigation. 2. As static load increases, road impact reaction increases. 3. As static load increases, the ratio of road impact reaction to static load decreases. .4. Thickness and narrowness of tread rubber are desirable in reducing road impact reaction. 5. Increasing the thickness or profile height of rubber has a very marked effect in reducing road impact reaction in both single and dual mountings. 6. In. the tire equipments tested, all of which were standard at the time of 'the tests, dual mounting caused heavier impact forces than the corresponding single mounting of the same total load-carrying capacity. (This was determined on a twoton truck and a solid-tired, five-ton truck.) 7. Appreciable variation of crosssectional rubber, or breaks in its continuity. cause heavy repeated impacts to Ih* delivered to the road. 8. Dual-mounted tires should always be mounted with the tread design staggered. Ohio City Plants Trees Along Lincoln Highways The suggestion that the Lincoln Way east and west of Delphos, Ohio. be 4 lined with shade trees has found a responsive chord in a number of Delpho® people. It is suggested by one of these that a committee take this in hand and learn just what it would cost per tree to furnish and plant along the’ highway. It is contended that a sufljpient number of Delphos people would be willing to assist in making the highway extending from Delphos east to the Auglaize river and the same distance west an attractive appearing memorial to Lincoln. Delphos is noted for her beautiful shade trees. It is safe to shy that few cities in Ohio can boast of streets more generally shaded than those in that city. If the Lincoln highway could be lined with shade trees both east and west of the city, it would leave a lasting impression upqn the many tourists Who will travel this road after the improvement is completed to the east. The method suggested would not cost any individual a great sum and the trees would stand as a monument to Lincoln for many years to come. JOCXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMXXKKJ Good Roads Notes cxxxxKKXxxytxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx: The Lincoln highway always will be the main thoroughfare, as between East and West, in Duncan. Neb,, has rerouted th£ Lin- ’ coin highway through a section of the town and thereby removed several dangerous railway crossings. • • • | As the only bUiion-dollar nation” in the world, the United States now leads all the rest of the countries with 500,000 milek of good roads. • • • Traffic congestion is costing the United States $10,500,000 every day or f3.832J500.000 annually, the American Road Builders* association estimates. • • • j The Finnish government plans to spend about $1,500,000 for improvement and maintenance of roads during I 1927, according to a report received by the United States Department of Commerce. Because of the thousands of American cars entering Canada from New | York there is a movement on foot to establish a service that will insure a ! clear road from New York city to j Montreal throughout the winter, regardless of heavy snowfall. Blscayne boulevard, skirting Blscayne bay for three and one-half miles, is nearing completion in Florida. The recent hurricane which swept the state failed to hamper the work, it la reported. • • American motorists are saving $2,500.000.000 a year on gasoline, tires, parts, upkeep, renews 1 and all phases of operation, due to the improved highI ways of the country. It has been esj timated that the average car runs apI proximately 6.000 miles a year.
LIVE STOCK NEWT PROFITABLE AGE TO BREED GILTS The majority of gilts used for breed- I Ing purposes are bred in the late fall of the same year they were born, farrowing the following spring at approximately one year of age., What influence does this early conception, i pregnancy, and motherhood have on the ultimate development of the ani- I mal thus handled? Does the bearing of young at this early age effect the later development of the sow or does I it affect the size and vigor of the first litter born? The general concensus of opinion and observation among swine producers would say that breeding gilts no older than six months of age is. too young. Mumford of the Missouri station conducted an experiment to deterhdne the influence of early breeding on gilts and their offspring. This work covered a period of more than 12 years during which time one group of gilts and their offspring were bred as soon as they came in heat; other sows and their offspring Were bred for the first ■ time at, about eighteen mouths of age while still others were bred for the first tkne at thirty months of age. All pigs and sows throughout the ex-J periment were liberally fed on well- , balanced rations. It was found that immature gilts bred at five months of age and twice a year thereafter developed into small- i er animals at maturity than if they had not been bred until later. This decreased size Is the result of the - heavy drain on the sow during the lactation period rather than due to pregnancy. - Mumford says. “The diminished size of mature sows bred at such an early age has no very important practical significance in the production of swine for market, since the difference in size at maturity between animals! bred j at a very young age and those bred | at a later age, is not significant.” Concerning the effect of early breed- i ing on the pigs of young mothers, Mumford concludes that the main dis- | ference that might occur would come because of the failure of young mothers to supply a sufficient amount of milk for the most rapid growth of the pigs. This effect Is not commercially very significant. The pigs from very young sows will require about ten days longer to reach 250 lbs. weight than will pigs from more mature mothers. The foregoing discussion has to do with sows and pigs that were well fed. The results would hot be the same where gilts are bred at a very early age and this followed by scant feeding. Coming Spring Pig Crop Must Have Proper Care Success with the coming spring pig crop depends to a large extent -upon the manner in which the brod sows are being handled at this time. Dur- < ing the winter sows should receive .feed that , will support their own ‘bodies, as well as supplying material for growth of the litter. It must be remembered, however, that sows must not put on excessive fat during the gestation period. There are very few home-grown feeds that cannot be fed with safety to the pregnant sow. Corn and ogts can be used as a base for different j rations, adding tankage, middlings, bran or shorts, skimmed milk, etc., according to the individual requirements. ; Barley may be cheaper than corn, and can be used to good advantage. With any ration exercise is of vital importance. Give the sow plenty of exercise, and them to take some each day if neressary. — - Live Stock Hints Heavy feeding and no exercise on Sunday are bad for horses. Any kind of millet hay fed tn large quantities for a very long period of time Is liable to be injurious to horses. • • ♦ Beef production in the United Srates next year promises to fall somewhat short of that of 1926 on a tonnage basis. » Sows fed on mangels and a Httle alfalfa, or bright clover hay. need but very little grain feed, and they always produce strong, healthy litters of well-developed pigs. Marked scarcity of mature or aged cattle has developed everywhere in i the trans Missouri pastoral region, the storehouse from which” the corn belt draws its supply of raw material for beef-making purposes. • • • Remember that there is no animal that will lay on fat rapidly when h is squealing with the cold. A decline in. the number of hogs affected with tuberculosis is noticed along with the eradication of cattle tuberculosis. ■ • • A fine flock of sheep cannot help but be a delight to the owner, and .building it gi> hr culling out the undesir- | ables and breeding to emphasize profitable characteristics soon becomes a fascinating occupation. • • ♦ A very good ration for pigs just learning to eat is the following: 65 pounds corn chop. 25 pounds shorts, and 10 « • • Soy bean hay makes a satisfactory food for breeding ewes and lambs contrary to the fears of some sheep men * that it would be objectionable • • • Salt is one of the essential elements in the rations of sheep and tombs, according to a recent research bulletin i published by the lowa Stole college. I Ames.
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For every stomach and intestinal iIL This good old-fash-ioned herb home remedy for constipation, stomach ills and other derangements of the sys-
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tem so prevalent these days lf > in even greater favor as ft ramuy medicine than in your grandmother’s day. >
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