The Syracuse Journal, Volume 19, Number 38, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 20 January 1927 — Page 3

RECORD OF 1926 THE WORLD OVER _____ More Noteworthy Events of Palt Twelvemonth in This Country and Other Lands. U S. MOST PROSPEROUS Republican Reverses In Election#— Germany Admitted to the e League • of Nation*, Spain and Brazil Withdrawing—Fascist State EstabI listed in Italy—Aerial Conquest of the North Pol*. By EDWARD W. PICKARD I • | Unprecedented progress of Industries Io the United States. Germany's . Ire-admission to the family of great power* Mussolini’s establishment of I the complete Fascist state In Italy, in . auguration of the contest between the Mexican government and the Homan Catholic church in that republic, the great headway made by the Cantonese ’armies to their effort to control all of I China, the 1 double conquest of the I North pole by air. and the severe re--1 verses sustained by the Republican ; party of this country to the fall elections —such may be considered thI outstanding feature* of the year 1926. Other events of considerable Importance were the coup by which Marshal Pilsudski made himself the master of Poland; . the disastrous attempt of British organised labor to aid the striking miner* by a general strike; the negotiations of Briand and Streee- | manti to restore friendly relations tween France and Germany; threats .1 of ■ rapture of diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico ! over the Mexican land and oil laws; I the decision of the imperial conference that the British dominion* shell hereafter be autonomous and equial communities within the empire;' the breaks . down of the efforts to settle the Taci a>a-Arica dispute between Peru and I Chile by * plebiscite and the devising ; of a more hopeful plan: the terrific | torniiio that swept across southern Florida: and the tour of Queen Marie of Rumania through the United States I and Canada. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Germany** admission to tnemberI ship In the League of Nations at the September session, with a permanent •eat to the council, generally recognized a* ■ necessity in the 'regeneration of Europe, was not accomplished - without bitter wrangling and resulted In the loss to the league of Spain and Brazil. Those nations and Poland had (demanded that the council be enlarged •nd that they, too. be given permscent seats. This Great Britain would not permit tut Poland was pacified by the device of creating •‘seml-per-tnanent" seat's, one of which ;w*s given her. Spain and' Brazil both gave formal notice of their withdrawal from the league. In the election of members of the council there were some surprise* Poland. Chile and Rumania were given the three-year seat* and Poland-wa* declared re-eligible. Colombia. Holland and China were elected for two year*, and single-year seats given to Czechoslovakia. Belgium and Salvador. Uruguay had been consid ♦red a certain choice, but six Central American state* combined against her and her candidacy wa* withdrawn. The application of Turkey for cierabershtp in the league wa* received but action was postponed for a year, A special meeting of the league was held in March for the purpose of receiving Germany’* application, but the fight over the constitution of the council was so determined- that the whole knatter was postponed until the regular meeting. After it had been settled as related above, Foreign Ministers Briand and Stresemann slipped awpy ' to the village of Tholry and began important for the restoration of full amity between France and Cermany. Briand’s peace policy was later attacked la “life French chamber, but he had a majority behind him and , carried it forward bwith prospects of success. Ap this time Stresemann was pressing for an early and complete evacuation i«f the Rhineland by the allies and he also demanded that the allied roanMoa for the control of German armament turn over Its duties to the League of Nation* On January 27 the United States senate voted for American adherence to the World court, but With five reservation* The most important, the fifth, read: That the court shall not render any advisory opinion, except publicly after due notice to all state* adhering to the court ind to all interested state* and after public hearing or opportunity for hearing given to any •tat? concerned; nor shall It without the consent of the United State* entertain any request for an advisory opinion touching any dispute cr question In which the United State* has or claims an interest." The forty-eight .nation* member* of the court were notified and during the summer seven of the smallest accepted the reservation*. But * conference of the members was called to meet In Geneva September 1. the United State* declining to participate, and. strong opposition developed to this'fifth raaervatton. A committee studied the question and recommended that all the reservation* be accepted, but put upon the fifth an interpretation that president Coolidge declared did not meet the requirement of the senate. Meanwhile there was a growing sentiment among the American senator* tn favor of rescinding the resolution of adherence. ... —a. aiiniAiar *a sMsMsasa. t urO<l|plOOt UMr SUniujt ? «l prupaiagory dtwrmamenr commissioQ devoted much time to the attempt to formulate plan* far • plenary conference. On most questions It was almost equally divided Into two btoc* dm land by Grek* Britain ****** rha United States

and the other by France. ,Tbe opto tons of these groups will be considered at the conference. St Among the treaties signed were those between Germany and Russia. Italy and Spain. France and Rumania, and an agreement between Great Britain and Turkey ending their dispute over the Mosul oil region by compromise. Despite these pacts and the conciliatory efforts of Briand. Stresemann and others, the prospects for the complete restoration of amity among the nations of Europe were bright when the council of thexLeague of Nations assembled for Its December meeting. France was still insisting on security against German aggression on her and her allies to the East as a condition for evacuation of the Rhineland and the surrender of allied control of German armaments; and Germany was equally insistent that since she bad been admitted to the league of Nations, she must be given full confidence and independence. A compromise was reached whereby the interallied control of German amiamenits*wlll be transferred to a League of Nations committee on February 1. S Refunding agreements with ail our debtors were completed except with France. M. Berenger. sent to Washington as ambassador to negotiate a settlement, succeeded so far as the United States was concerned, but the French government was halted “to every effort to have the very liberal terms Accepted by the parliament. Meanwhile France arranged a settlement of her debt to Great Britain. Throughout the year there was an increasing though unofficial demand tn France that the United States cancel the French debt Abd-el-Krim. the leader of the Riffians. continued his warfare, against the French and Spanish In Morocco until near the. end of May when, his i beadquarters at Targulst having been captured, be surrendered to the French, by whom he was later sent into exile.

Maj. (Jen. William Lassiter took over in January the ungrateful position of preskient of Tacna-Arica plebiscitary commission, and was no more successful than his predecessor. General 4‘ershing. in settling the old controversy between Peru and Chile. So in June the whole plebiscite plan was abandoned. Secretary of State KelI togg late in November offered another scheme that seemed more promising. Thia was for Chile and Peru to cede the disputed provinces to Bolivia for certain monetary considerations and with the condition that they be maintained forever as a demilitarised ■one with the city q* Arica a free port. He also proposed that the Morro promontory be established under international control as a memorial to the valor of both Chile and Peru with a monument on the beadland commemorating the friendly settlment of the question. Before the done of the year both Bolivia and Chile had expressed their approval of this scheme. Relations between Washington and Mexico City were not very friendly during the year, owing to our government's repeated protests against the retroactive features of the Mexican land and oil laws which were due to go Into effect on January 1. 1927. President Calles' government was firm tn Its refusal to modify the taws and Secretary Kellogg warned it on October 30 that diplomatic relations would be severed if American properties should be confiscated. The aeronautical conquest of the North pole should be classed as an international event. On May 7 the Italian-built dirigible Norge reached Spitsbergen ready to carry Captain Amundsen and his expedition over the pole. But two days later, before it marled. Lieutenant Commander Richard E. Byrd. U. S- N.. and Floyd Bennett hopped off from Spitsbergen in an airplane and flew to the top of the world. They located the pole but. finding no landing place, circled about It thrice and returned. On May 11 the Norge started, next day It passed over the pole, and on May 13 it landed safely at Teller. Alaska. With Amundsen were Lincoln Ellsworth of the United States, who helped finance the expedition, and Col. Cmberto Nobile of Italy. Jhe pilot of the dirigible. The moat Important geographic result was the determination of the fact that no large land mass exists at or near the pole. The Nobel pence prise for 1926 was awarded to Vice-President Charles G. Dawes and Sir Austen Chamberlain : that for 1925 was divided between Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann. FOREIGN AFFAIRS Progress toward economic normality in Great Britain was sadly Interrupted by the general strike of organized tabor, undertaken tn behalf of the striking coal miners who had quit work on May 1 rather than accept reduced wages. At midnight. May 3. nearly three million skilled workmen obeyed the order to strike, immediately the government put Into operation the elaborate organisation which It had prejigred for the emergency to carry on the services essential to the life and health of the people and to preserve the peace. Prime Minister Baldwin declayed the general strike was a challenge to the constitutional rights and freedom of the nation and he would consider no compromise. Thousands of volunteers assisted in tne distribution of food and fuel in the cities, which were most affected, and troops and warships were stationed at critical points. Os course industry lu general was paralyzed, but the British people “carried on” and the tabor leaders soon realised that they were beaten. On May 12 the Trade Union Council terminated the general strike with the problems of the coal Industry as far as ever from solution. Not only did the strike cost the nation huge sums, but the new trade agreements that followed Its collapse were on the whole advantageous to tbe employers; and it was demonstrated that even if a general strike were not illegal, as was contended by eminent authorities. It was a futile and even dangerous weapon for the unions to use. Thoogh no foment of the miners’ strike was rescued thousands «f the men* enable longer to endure the

employment, returned to the pits under separate wage agreement* An ancillary effect of the great strike was the crisis in the Liberal party with . the exchange of bitter statements by those old rival* Lloyd George and Lord Oxford , and Asqtoth. This led to the resignation of Asquith from the leadership of the party, which position he had held since 1908. The ninth imperial conference, which opened in London on October 19 and lasted six weeks, was epochal to Its deliberations and decision* especially in its declaration that henceforth the dominions are in theory as well as to fact autonomous units of the empire, equal in all respect* Discussions of national defense revealed that the dominion* while ready to do their part in the matter of land force* were not wilting to share the expenses of the navy; and In particular They declined to help pay for the creation of the great naval base planned for Singapore. The dominions hereafter will make their own treaties with foreign nation* and those that desire it will have their own diplomatic representatives abroad. Canada already has named Vincent Massey its minister to Washington. Mackenzie King’s liberal government In Canada resigned Ln June because Governor General Byng would not dissolve parliament, and Arthur Meighen. Conservative, headed the new cabinet. The parliament was then dissolved and on September 14 general elections were held which resulted in a crushing defeat for the Liberals and the return of Mr. King to power. Baron Byng was succeeded by Lord Willingdon as governofi general. On December 1 the province of Ontario voted overwhelmingly in favor of abandoning its prohibition law and substituting a system of liquor sales under government control. This left New Brunswick. Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island the only dry Canadian province* France had her usual succession of governments during the year, each trying to settle the country’s financial and economic problems and most of them being the victims of political scheming. Briand tried several time* Herriot once, and finally Raymou Poincaire was made premier in J toy and formed a cabinet containing six expremiers and with strong parliamentary backing. He put through legislation for raising funds by additional taxes and the sale of government monopolies and parliament, sitting as a national assembly, passed constitutional amendments embodying his project for a sinking fund to redeem the floating debt He also inaugurated national economic measure* beginning with food restriction* Late in the year France named as her ambassador to Washington her most distinguished living man of letters, Paul Louis Charles Claudel, who also is an accomplished diplomat. Germany made considerable progress in climbing baek to her old economic position, but was disturbed continually by political dispute* the Royalists being especially troublesome. Dr. Hans Luther, who was re-appointed chancellor in January, resigned to May because he was censured by the retch? stag on a minor issue. Dr. Wilhelm Marx succeeded him and carried on his policies. On December 17. the Marx cabinet, being unable to maintain its majority in the relchstag. resigned but continued to function temporarily. Ramek's government in Austria went out to October after a wrangle with slate employees over higher wage* and Mgr. Seipel, the Catholic prelate, again became premier. The military and Catholic parties of Lithuania overthrew the Socialist government on December 17, and two days later Antona Smetona was sworn in as President. Premier Mussolini for another year kept himself and Italy largely in the public eye. and the strongest opponents of his. theories and policies could not deny that the country was prospering under his regime, at least for the time being. He completed the suppression of the Mafia Ln Sicily, he put through a law forbldtog strikes and giving the Fascist tabor unions a monopoly, he decreed a nine-hour working day and prohibited various luxuries, he abolished the election of municipal official* and finally on May 19 he proclaimed the inauguration of the complete Fascist syndicalist form of government for Italy. He quarreled with Germany over the Tyrol, with France because antl-Fascist plotters did their plotting there, and stopped other Balkan nations from helping revolutionists in Albania by signing a treaty with Achmed Zogu’s government and Issuing a “hands off” warning. Between time* the duct was attacked several times by assassins but suffered no Injury save a slight wound in the nose.

Though the young republic of Poland was making undoubted economic progress under Premier Skrzynskl, he was forced to resign in May because he proposed to reduce the military establishment and the personnel on the state railways. Mtos became premier but announced no change of policies. Thereupon Marshal Pilsudski with the aid of part of the army staged a coup d’etat and occupied Warsaw and the government offices after a three-day battle. Rataj became acting president and Bartel premier, but the marshal was the actual dictator. Moscickl was elected president soon after. In September the parliament cut down the government budget, so the cabinet stepped out and Pilsudski took the premiership. There were rumors that the marshal intended to make himself king, and the Idea was not unpleasing to a large element of the Polish people. though the Socialists, who had supported his revolution, were deeply offended. Gen. T. H. Pangalos proclaimed himself dictator of Greece on January 3 and was elected president three months later, but in the Liberals, under the leadership of General Condylis, overthrew him. In September a military revolt against the Condylis regime was suppressed after a sanguinary battle. After the elections in November Alexander Zaimis was appointed premier. Dictator de Rivera and the royal dynasty of Spain survived several plots for their destruction. the moat serious es whit* was plumed also for the establishment et

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL.

an independent Catalonian state and was exposed by the French police Portugal had her share of attempted revolt* too. Commander Cabecadas took control in May. President Machado resigning. On June 17 Gen. Gomes da Costa declared himself head of the government, and on July 9 he was supplanted by General Carmona, who assumed the presidency late in Novem ber. Rumania was in the limelight several times in the year. Early to January the four-year-old Prince Michael was proclaimed heir apparent in place of his father, Prince Carol, the latter having abandoned his wife, renounced his rights and gone to Paris with another woman. A regency was named to serve in the event of King Ferdinand’s death. The whole incident was replete with romance and sensationalism. centering on Carol’s love affairs and political quarrels with Premier Bratiano. In October Queen Marie made an extended tour through the United States and Canada, bringing Prince Nicolas and Princess Ileana with her. Reports of the king’s' serious illness reaching her. she hurried home to forestall a rumored plot to put Carol on the throne. The struggle between state and church in-Mexico, which has been going on since the middle of the last century. reached a critical stage with The determination of President Calles to put into full effect the clauses of the constitution relating to priests and property held by the Catholic church. The former were required to register, and the latter, nominally the property of the state, was taken over by .civil official* All foreign clergymen were required to cease their ministration* and all discussion of the controversyin print and criticism of the fundamental law were forbidden. There were many arrests, some deportations and occasional riot* but in general the church deplored any violence on the part of its supporters. Catholics the world over, from the pope down. Joined in denouncing Calles’ policy but he continued unmoved. The whole subject is too complicated and too controversial for discussion in limited space. The religious clauses of the constitution apply to all religion* but as the vast majority of the people are Catholic* that church alone is seriously affected. Nicaragua had a revolution that lasted through most of the year. In January Solarzano quit the presidency and Chamorro took over the office. The Liberals began a revolt against him in May and by September the fighting had become so serious that United States Charge d*Affaires Dennis and Admiral Latimer undertook to restore peace. Chamorro was persuaded to' resign and Adolfo Dlax was elected president by congress, but the rebels would have none of him and continued their struggle under the leadership of Dr. Juan R Sacasa. their candidate. They had been receiving help from Mexico. Guatemala and Costa Rica. Our, government by its part in the affair did not increase its prestige in Latin America. There is not much to be said about China's civil war except that, it continued unceasingly through the twelvemonth with the “Red” armies of Canton steadily pushing to the north-and toward Shanghai. Toward the end of the year the northern commanders were getting together for a great effort to stoo the < Cantonese.

DOMESTIC AFFAIRS

Prosperity of American industries and economies of government so filled up the national treasury that congress in February cut down taxes S3B7ML--000. Besides the usual appropriation bills, $10,000,000 was voted for embassy buildings In foreign capitals. Congress also passed the bill abolishing the railway labor board and creating means for settlement of rail disputes by arbitration; the measures providing for assistant secretaries in charge of aviation in three departments. and a bill carrying $75,000,000 for federal aid road construction. In March the senate unseated Brookhart of lowa in favor of Steck. I»emocrat. and in June Brookhart was nominated by the Republicans of his state to sjjpceed Cummins. Farmers, both of the wheat and com belts and of the cotton states, continued their demand for relief legislation. but the economic doctors could not agree on either the diagnosis or the remedy, so nothing of moment was done for agriculture by congress. The subject was thus a chief issue in the fall elections, sharing prominence with prohibition enforcement and modification. As the result of the balloting the Republicans almost lost control of the senate of the Seventieth congress and their majority in the bouse was much reduced. Their hold on the upper house was retained only by the election on November 29 of Gould in Maine to succeed Fernaid. deceased, and the expected adhesion of Shipstead of Minnesota, whose FarmerLabor party bad dissolvedThe primary campaign for Fare In Pennsylvania and Smith in Illinois had created such a scandal that a senatorial committee headed by Reed of Missouri spent much time investigating the charges of Corruption and slush funds, and the Democrats promised to try to keep Fare and Smith from taking their seats when the new congress should assemble. Both wets and drjrs claimed victories In the election. The question of bition. iin the form of a referendum. was on the ballots In eight states, the question varying. In New York. Illinois. Wisconsin. Nevada arid Montana the wets won. In Missouri, Colorado and California the referendum proposals were defeated. Al Smith was re-elected governor of New York and thereby made good his position as a potential Democratic nominee for the Presidency in 1928. Congress opened its short session on December 6 and next day President Coolidge's message was read to IL Conceding that there would be time for little more than the necessary appropriation legislation, he yet made many recommendations. The more important were: Tax relief by reduction of income tax payments due in March and June, 1927; relief for the farmers. without attempting to fix prices; early transfer es the Philip- «... ’ - ... V" - • . ■ ■■■ ?. ■

pines I Tom the military to the civil branch of the government; branch banking legislation; putting radio control under Department of Commerce: enactment of such prohibition enforcement legisla tlon as the treasury might ask-; development of reclamation project* Muscle Shoal* rivers and harbors generally and a Lakes-to-the-Sea waterway; railroad consolidation, and coal control legislation. Mr. Coolidge made no mention of the world court, but one of the first measures introduced in the senate, by Trammell of Florida, was a resolution for repeal of the senate’s ratification of the world court protocoL Concerning the Philippine* It should be recorded that Carmi Thompson, had spent much of the year in the islands investigating for the President the conditions there and the controversy between Governor General Wood and a certain element of the native population. In his message thd President said the islands should not be turned back to the people “until they are both politically fitted for self-gov-ernment and economically independent." but he suggested that at no time would the United Slates abandon completely responsibility for their defense. Democratic members of congress undertook to introduce a measure for general tax reduction, but the majority of the house ways and means committee decided that there should be no tax legislation whatever during the short session. The first bill passed by the house was the senate measure increasing the salaries of all federal judge* The house also passed promptly the treasury and post office bill carrying $.'<'•>.854,248. The impeachment proceedings against Federal Judge G. W. English of Illinois were dropped because he had resigned. On l>ecember 16 Governor Small of Illinois appointed Senator-elect Frank L. Smith to fill out the unexpired term of Senator W. B. McKinley.. Steps were taken at once to exclude Smith because of the primary expenditure scandal in Illinois. ('< Tigress adjourned on December 22 for the holiday reces* President Coolidge and his family spent the summer vacation at a camp in the Adirondack* He delivered public addresses July 5 at the Sesquicentennial exposition in, Philadelphia, at the Red Cross convention in October and in Kansas City (fa Armistice day. In March his fatly?r, CoL John C. Coolidge, died. * The American Legion held its convention In Philadelphia, elected Howard P. Savage of Chicago commander in chief and decided to have its, 1927 session in France. The national encampment of the G. A. R. was held in Des Moines, lowa. Frank A. Walsh of Milwaukee being chosen commander in chief. Os all the great gatherings of the year, the most spectacular was the Eucharistic congress held in Chicago in June and attended by Catholic prelates from parts of the world. Albert B. Fall, former secretary of the interior, and Edward L. Doheny, oil magnate, were tried in the Supreme court of the District of Columbia on charges of conspiracy to defraud the government in connection with the naval oil field at Elk Hill* Calif. After hearing a great mass of testimony and deliberating many hour* the jury on December 16 brought to a verdict of not guilty. In November Italian naval aviators came to Norfolk and captured the Schneider trophy for seaplane* De Bernardi setting world’s records tor speed in planes of that type. INDUSTRIAL *' — Anthracite miners and operators settled their differences in February and the strike of the miners ended with the signing of a five-year contract, wages not being raised and no mention being made of the disputed check-off system. There were other strikes of organized* labor in the United States from time to time, but none general or iong continued except tn the textile.mill* The A. F. of L. held its convention to Detroit to October. It decided to xorganlze the automobile, industry, 'denounced both Fascism and sovietism, declared in favor of citizens’ military training camp* and re-elected all its tdficer* Besides the British strikes previously discussed, there were serious labor troubles iu Australia. Cuba and Austria. In June the permanent home of the International Labor organization in Geneva was dedicated. The interstate comufarce commission rejected the Van Swerlngen plan for a merger of the Nickle Plat* Chesapeake A Ohio. Erie, Hocking Valley and Pere Marquette railroad* and late to the year the Van Sweringens devised another merger plan that was more promising. Eighteen quarry companies in the Indiana limestone region formed a S4O.tMM>,OOO combination, and flour mills of Missouri and Kansas announced a $15,000,000 merger. Public utility corporations of the Middle West also combined, in western Europe the steel producers formed a mighty combination, and an aluminum trust was created to compete with America. The German-Australian and Kosmos shipping companies combined with the Hamburg-American line. DISASTERS Prophets who foretold gra\e convulsions of nature during 1926 were right. Storm* flood* and earthquakes were numerous and terribly destructive of life and property, and weather conditions were abnormal to most countries. Most disastrous of all in the United States was the tropical tornado that swept across southern Florida on September 17-18. About 300 persons were killed, thousands injured and a erty loss of more than $100,000,000 sustained. Relief measures were swiftly taken and restoration of that part of the country’s winter playground was begun at one* Other disasters were: In January: Great floods in Mexico and western Europe; coal mine explosion near Wilburton, Okla.. 91 killed; mine explosion, Helen* Mont, 27 killed- In February: Fire, South Bend. Ind.. 9L200.000 loss; 16 killed by mine explosion at Horning, P*; snowslide near Bingham, Utah, killed 70; tornado swept Arkansas and Mississippi. In

Maren: 30 burned to ueath lu Siberian motion picture house; Shakespeare Memorial at Stratford-on-Avon burned; furnace explosion at Birmingham, Alakilled 22. In April: $18,000,000 fire in oil tank fields at Obispo and Brea, Ctoif.; 40 killed by explosion on tankers at New Orleans and 25 at/Port Arthur, Texa* In May: Cytoode and tidal wave in Burma fatal to 1.200. In June: Great storms and floods in Illinoi* low* Mexico and Germany, earthquake in Sumatra killed 283. In July: V. S. naval ammunition depot at Lake Denmark. N. J., struck byC lightning and destroyed. 21 men killed and property loss of $100.000.000; another Sumatran earthquake fatal to about 400. In August: 3.000 drowned by floods in Hupeh province. China; storm to Louisiana killed 25; mine explosion in Clymer. Pa., fatal to 44; earthquake in the Azore* 24 killed. In September: Destructive floods in Middle Western states; train wreck near Leadville, Colo.. 27 dead; hurricane at Encarnacion, Paraguay. 150 dead; Vera Cruz, Mexico, swept by hurricane. In October: Mine explosions at Rockwood, Tenn., killed 28 and at Durban. South. Africa, 119; hurricane in Cuba killed 600 and did vast damage to property; earthquake in Armenia destrayed several towns and took about 600 live* In November: Cave-in of iron mine at Ishpeming, Mich- fatal to 51 men; typhoon in the Philippines killed several hundred natives; storms took 15 lives at La Plata. Md.. and about 80 in Louisiana. Arkansas and Mississippi. In December: Mine explosion at Princeton. Ind., fatal to 29 menNECROLOGY — _ I Os Americans taken by death during the year perhaps the best known were Joseph G. Cannon of Danville. HL. former speaker of the house; Senator Albert B. Cummins of Iowa; Joseph Pennell, artist; Alton B. Parker of New York; John W. Week* former secretary of war; and Dr. Charles W. Eliot, “grand old man” of Harvard. Other notable persons who died were: In January: Maj. Gen. W. H. Hart U. S. A.; Queen Mother Margherita oi Italy; Martin Behrman, mayor of New Orleans; Representative John E. Baker of California; Cardinal Mercier of Belgium; Rear Admiral Albert Ross; Bishop J. S. Glass of Salt Lake City; Viscount Kato, premier of Japan, W. L. George, English author; Barbara La Marr, screen star; George V. Hobart, musical comedy writer. In February: W. M. Wood, woolen manufacturer; W. L. Mapother. president Louisville A Nashvitie railway; Brig. Gen. E. J. McCleraand; W. CBobb* Indianapolis publisher; Henry Holl, New York publisher and author; Cardinal Dalborn, primate of Poland; George Middleton. veteran theater man; Archbishop Roy of Quebec. In March: Rear Admiral Richard Wainwright; Leopold Schepp, financier and philanthropist, of New York; H. S. Bout el I, diplomat; Edward S. Scripps, publisher; W. H. Finley, expresident Chicago A North western railway; Dowager Queen Louise of Denmark; Prof. Albion W. Small of Chicago university; Dr. G.’ S. Isham, noted Chicago surgeon; Bishop E. D. Kelly of Grand Rapid* Mich.; Lotos Philippe, duke of Orleans; Budd* Doble, pioneer, of the harness turf; Jacob P. Adler. Jewish tragedian. t In AprU: August Thyssen. German steel, magnate; Henry L. Sillier, actor; Luther Burbank, famous horticulturist ; Ogden T. McClurg, Chicago publisher; Ellen Key, Swedish author; • Jeffreys Lewi* actres* In May: Oscar S. Straus, former ambassador to Turkey; Prince Victor Napoleon, Bouapartist pretender to throne of France; B. B. Odell, former governor of New York; Mo ain med VL ex-sultan of Turkey; A. IL Metcalfe, whist authority; Percival Gibbon. English author. In June: John D. Spreckle* California capitalist; Louis Sherry, restaurateur; Sanford B. Dole of Honolulu; Mary Cassatt. American artist; Dr. John Howland of Baltimore; Kate Jordan, author; Cleveland H. Dodge of New York, capitalist and philanthropist ; C. W. Rapp of Chicago, noted theater architect - In July: Emile Cone of France; E R. Thoma* New York publisher; Lincoln J. Carter, playwright; W. A. Roebling. builder of Brooklyn bridge; Robert Todd Lincoln, son of President Abraham Lincoln; George Inness, Jr.. American artist in August: Israel Zangwill, Jewish author; George A. Glynn, New York journalist and political leader; Dr. Heury Wade Roger* federal judge; Mr* Frederick W. Vanderbilt; H. H Harje* Paris banker; Stuart Pratt Sherman, literary critic; Rudolph Valentino, screen star; Senator Bert M. Fernaid of Maine; Commander John Rodger* U, S. N. In September: Ben Welch, comedian ; Prof. R. C Eucken. German philosopher; Maj. Gen. R. L. Howze, U. S. A.; Tom Thumb, famous midget; Dr. W. J. Tucker, president emeritus of Dartmouth. In October: Arthur J toe Goodman artist; H. L. Fuqua, governor of Louisiana; D. P. Davi* noted Florida real estate man; Cleveland Moffett, author and journalist; Commissioner Thomas Estill of Salvation Army; Eugene V. Deb* Socialist leader; Thomas Mott Osborne, prison reformer; John G. Shedd. Chicago financier; Charles M. Russell, artist; Maj. Gen. George Bell, Jr- U. S. A.; Harry Houdini, magician; Charles E. Fox. eminent Chicago architect. In November: Annie Oakley, fa mous marksman; James K. Hackett, actor; Lafayette Young, publisher of Des Moine* Iowa; Clement Shorter, English author; Joseph McKenn* former justice of U. S. Supreme court; Mr* Herman Oelrichs of New York; Leonid Krassin, Russian statesman; Jean M. Browning, inventor of firearms; Carl E. Akeley, naturalist. In December: Bishop J. J. Davi* of Davenport, Iowa; Charles RingUng. famous circus owner; Claude Monet. French painter; Senator Wm. B. McKinley of Illinois; Nikola Pachitch, Serbian statesman; Jean Richepin, French poet and playwright; John L Whitman, penologist; Jean Worth, noted Paris dressmaker.

FARM POULTRY RIGHT CARE AND FEED FOR EGGS In the summer the farm hen may torage for a supply of animal feed and garner all the available bug* worm* and green feed needed to replenish worn-out body tissue and to produce an- abundant quantity of egg* But winter has come now and the bugs are gone. So has the green feed on many farms and the hen must be fed~ If she is expected to produce eggs in profitable quantitie* “Eggs are high-priced to the winter because so few farm hens are laying at this season, says Dr. B. F. Kaupp, head of the poultry department 'at South Carolina State college. “The two usual reasons toe low egg production are found in the poor producing power of the hen and also because she may not have the proper food and care. If the hen comes from a high producing strain and is not laying as she should, it is possible that she may not have a comfortable house, or that she is not free of and does not have the right kihd of , , feed and other care.” Doctor Kaupp states that eggs are low in price during the spring months because everybody’s hens are laying then. Eggs always go down tn tije spring and the” farmers’ organizations should store eggs at that season. In the winter eggs go up to 75 cents and $1 per dozen because the hens are not. laying. Then the storage bouses bring out the cheap spring eggs to sell at a good profit. The poultry department has ’prepared extension circulars 155, 156 and 15S which tell how to put the farm flock on a paying bast* These bulletins are free and will tell how to cull and feed the birds for winter egg* It should be remembered, states Doctor Kaupp, that laying hens must have mash before them at all time* The mash must contain crushed grain* mineral* fish or meat meal, or the MMB plus m;lk of the farm. Tender, green feed is also needed each day. Water should =>e constantly before the birds and the grain feed given them twice each day. Mpst Poultry Diseases / Can Easily Be Conquered A broom, shovel, scraper and a spray pump with some crude oil 'or qtber good spray material will conquer most poultry disease* The University of Nebraska lists tijese remedies as the best for most poultry disease* Unfortunately. they also require energy and initiative on the part of the flock owner. It is much easier to put pills or dope in the drinking water after the hens are sick than it is to scald the fountains and clean up the house. Os course, poultry yields to treatment the same as other live stock but why allow sickness to gain a foothold tn the first place? Furthermore, the fellow who pins tod much faith on bright-colored, strong-smelling medicines usually forgets to remove the cause of the trouble! A little study usually proves it to be over-crowding, poor ventilation, filth and vermin. Disease will cure the overcrowding, but it Is an expensive method. Just plain prevention is all most poultry raisers need to avoid losse* Profits Increased From Hens by Use of Lights Tests at the Nebraska experiment. station last winter on two pens of 90 leghorns each showed that electric lights increased The income from 90 hens $25.44. The hens in both lots were as near alike as possible and both groups were kept to ordinary houses. Both pens received exactly the same care except that one was lighted at 5 o’clock each morning and the other was not. Pullets well matured and ready to lay by November 1 respond lights all winter. Yearling hens that have molted late should not be forced before January 1. Morning light proved, more practical from the stand- \ point of feed and management; Scratch feed was scattered in the* litter at night so the hens could go to work in the morning as soon as an alarm turned on the lights. Breeding Pens Although the average poultry man cannot afford to trapnesjMhis hens, he can greatl* Improve his nock by making a special breeding pen of his best male bird and a few choice hens or pullet* In choosing these breeders both egg producing and standard qualities should be kept in mind. By toemarking or banding chicks hatched from this pen it will be found that the chicks hatched from the eggs from this pen will be superior to those from the general flock. Dry Mash for Hens The amount of dry mash that the hens eat is usually determined by the amount of scratch feed given to the flock. Satisfactory results are obtained by feeding twice as much scratch feed as mash during the winter month* the ratio being reversed during the summer and spring month* It is a good plan to give the heaviest feed late in the afternoon. Succulent feeds like alfalfa, clover, sprouted oat* etc., are rich In vitamine* and have an excel* lent effect on the digestive system. Pay ft With Pullets -Pay it with pullets’* is the slogan sf farm boys and girls of Tennessee who returned 1,910 standard bred pullets to the bankers who supplied them with co* I* Bl kprtng on the -Return ant Het” payment plan. The boys and glris are members of poultry clubs conducted by extension workers cooperatively employed by the United Q States Department of Agriculture and the stats agricultural college. These pullets will be sold by the bankers to interest the farmers in better poultry.