The Syracuse Journal, Volume 19, Number 24, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 14 October 1926 — Page 2

ffonorirtG w lhe Indian Jl§§ ' / ■ Photo if l/Htformeooj' n/rttforfotx/

By ELMO SCOTT WATSON 1’ PRESENT plans are carried out, the United States Is to have a new national monument wherein will be commemorated the name and fame of the greatest native military genius this country has ever known, a red man who has been called by military ex- . perts, who know whereof they speak, "the Indian Napoleon.** He Is Chief Joseph of the Nex Perce*, and linked with his name In the proposed memorial will be that of one of our most suc- . cessful Indian fighters, the late Gen. Nelson A. Miles.

For ye*r* the residents of Chinook, Mont., »nd Blaine county hove sought to hare set aside as a national memorial the site of the battlefield In the Bear Paw mountains where General Miles and Chief Joseph fought a five-day engagement and where Just 49 years ago this month took place one of the most dramatic surrender scenes In all American history. Now It seems likely that the ambition of these Montanans to honor these two Trent warrior* will be realised, and It Is believed that the new national monument will be erected by presidential proclamation wHhln the next year. If this ts done a shaft probably will be erected on the site of the surrender and the dedication will take place a year hence, on the fiftieth anniversary of the event. Not only Is the name of Chief Joseph to be emblazoned on this shaft but further honor is being paid him by one of America's foremost sculptors. Cyrua Dallln, already noted for his Indian sculptures, has begun work on a memorial wherein, according to press dispatches, he "hopes to Immortalise In bronze the bravery, patience, loyalty and sorrow of the American Indian." That being his ambition it was Inevitable that he should choose Chief Joseph for his subject, for there never has been an Indian of whom bravery, patience, loyalty and sorrow were more characteristic and the story of him and of his people, the Net Perce*, ts a pathetic page in American history. It ts a atory, too, which reflects little credit upon the American people, one of thoee sordid stories of greed and oppression of a weaker race which has ■o often marked the relations of white men and red. From time immemorial the Nez Perce* had dwelt In the vast region In Idaho. Oregon and Washington, including the valleys of the Snake. Salmon. Clearwater and Grande Roade river*. In 1K& Got. Isaac I. Stevens of Washington territory roade a treaty with the Net Perces confirming their title to their ancestral home, but In 1803 by a new treaty with the tribes of the Northwest the lands of the Ne* Perces were greatly reduced. Old Joseph of the Ne* Perce* declined to sign the treaty, even though* other chief* did, refused to live ou the proposed reservation and continued to occupy the fertile territory, especially the beauti- * ful Wallowa valley, which his people loved most of all. Old Joseph died in 1872, bequeathing to his son Young Joseph, whose Indian name, “HlnuiHton Yahlatkit," has the impressive meaning of “Thunder Rolling In the Mountains,” his love for the Wallowa valley and his opposition to giving It up to the encroaching whiter For the next four year* there was constant friction between the white* and the Indians and in nearly every case the white* were the aggressor*. Finally In 1876 a commission decided, in defiance of all right, that the Ne* Perces must go on the reservation a»atgned them and Gen. O. O. Howard, commander of t be military department of the /Columbia, wa* ordered to carry out the decision. After several councils with the Indians. Chief Joseph agreed to obey the order of the commission and go on the reservation. He did tbl* only because he felt that It would be better to submit to. Injustice than to provoke a war ha which he knew

Marine Band Has Had Long Career

Tl>* United State# Marine band la Awmrica'a eldest and beet known nognl organisation of this type, saya tiMi NnOonal Republic to l?® 8 Pr*9Ideat John Adams signed a MU patriot the Marine corpa on a permanent to**!*, a Ofe and drum corps was then authorised, and this became the Marine band, so that it baa a history or y iSTplayed at the White House

well his people would Inevitably lose. Unfortunately some of his hot-blooded young warriors refused to abide by his decision. On June 13, 1877, they murdered several settlers. There Is one story of the return of the war party to the Nez Perce camp where the young warriors threw down several white scalps and announced dramatically to their people “Now you will have to go to war!” Chief Joseph was absent from camp at the time, collecting some, of his scattered tribesmen in preparation for removal to the reservation. When l»e returned he found that the-die was cast and that he was committed to war. Even theh he was resolved to make it a defensive war and not an offensive one and he conceived the bold plan of fleeing with his people to Canaddt fighting ouly If the white men barred his path to freedom. Then began one of the most remarkable retreats in history. One historian of the Nez Perce war has written: “Xenophon has chronicled the retreat of the ten thousand; De Quincey has romanced about the migration of the Tartars: a thousand pens have recorded the annihilation of the Grand Army of Napoleon: the story of J«>seph and his Nez I’erecs Is my theme—the story of the bitterest injustice toward a weak but independent people to which the United States ever set its hand and of a military exploit of the first magnitude, which Justly entitles this great Indian to take rank among the gr>at Captains.” Undaunted by, the almost insuperable difficulties of bis problem—that of transporting a whole tribe, men. women and children, over a thousand miles or more of the roughest country on the North American continent and breaking through the lines of military barrier which were certain to be thrown out to Intercept him. Chief Joseph set oul General Howard acted promptly upon hearing of the murders of the settlers. He began concentrating all available troops at strategic points. The first engagement took place on June 17 In White Bird canon where Captain Perry and a small body of troops rode Into a trap which Joseph hud prepared for him and were disastrously defeated. In this battle the Indian chief In the handling of his men first showed those qualities of military leadership which was a promise of the stern task before the soldiers before they could hope to obey the orders from Washington After Perry s defeat General Howard took the field himself and the great chase was on. Howard himself has paid high tribute to the military genius of his opponent and In the weeks that followed Chief Joseph amply proved that he’ was worthy of all praise. For the radian Napoleon proved that he understood the Little Corporal’s tactic* of defeating the enemy in detail and did it. General Howard- and Colonel Sturgis both learned that to their sorrow. Even General Miles, who finally brought him to bay. might have learned it had conditions been different. For here briefly la the achievement of Chief Joseph during that remarkable retreat: Encumbered with women and children, which he refused to desert and allow to fall into the hands of the soldiers as he might have done several times to facilitate his flight, and having a fighting force that never exceeded 900 warriors, he fought eleven engagements, five of them pitched battles or which he lost bat one: In the other six skirmishes he killed 126 and wounded 140 of the 2,000 soldiers who fought him. but he lost 151 killed and 88 wounded of his own people. Then having distanced his pursuers and knowing that he was only 50 miles from the Canadian line and safety (for he did not know of the approach of General Miles’ troops) he made the fatal mistake of stopping for a little while to give his weary tribesmen a chance for a brief rest. Here In the Bear Paw mountains, where the memorial to him Is to be erected. General Miles attacked on September 30. 1877. For five days Joseph and his little band, greatly outnumbered.

when President Adams received on New Year's day, 1801. The band has played at all Inaugural balls and aU Important White House functions since. It has played at all Presidential funerals from that of Taylor to that of Harding, and was present when Lincoln made bis Gettysburg address. It played for Lafayette when he toured the United States and for Edward VII when ha Journeyed through

Americh as prince of Wales; it also played for his grandson, the present prince. The most famous leader of the Marine band was John Philip Sousa, and some of his moat famous compositions were first played by the band tinder his leadership. Correggio’* Odd Death The death of Correggio, the great Italian painter who lived in the early part of the Sixteenth century. Is alleged to have been canned by his hav-

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

withstood the attack of Miles’ soldiers. Finally artillery was brought to beur upon their defenses and on October 4 Chief Joseph gave np the con test. In the meantime General Howard who had pursued the fleeing Indians across three states arrived at the battleground. One of his (Howard’s) officers. Col. C. E. S. Wood, has described th« dramatic scene of Joseph’s surrender as follows: “It was nearly sunset when Joseph came to deliver himself up. He rode from his camp in the little hollow. His hands were clasped over the pommel of his saddle and his rifle lay across his knees; his head was bowed down. Pressing around him walked five of his watflurs; their faces were upturned and earnest as they murmured to him; but he looked neither to the right nor to the left, yet seemed to listen Intently. So the little group came slowly up the hill to where General Howard, with an aide-de-camp, and General Miles waited to receive the surrender. As he neared them, Joseph sat erect In the saddle, then gracefully and with dignity swung himself down from his horse, and with an Impulsive gesture threw his arm to its full length and offered his rifle to General Howard. The latter motioned him toward General Miles, who received the token of submission. At this surrender scene, too, Chief Joseph made the speech which deserves a place with Chief Logan’s famous oration. These were his words: “I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Too-hul-hul-sult (the medicine man or “dreamer" who had urged war upon Joseph) la dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men now who say “yes” and “no” (vote In the council). He who led the young men (Ollicut, Joseph’s brother) is dead. It Is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people—some of them—have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no. food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and to see how many of them I can find; maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs, my heart Is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I fight no more against the white man." As he spoke those last words, the old chief raised his band to the sky and with this simple gesture th’e career of the Indian Napoleon ended. For be kept his promise; he never fought again After the surrender. General Miles promised Joseph that he and his people should be returned to Idaho. As for the way In which the United States kept that promise—lt repudiated It entirely! The captives were sent to Fort Leavenworth and kept there during the winter. The next summer they were put on a reservation in Indian Territory. It was an unhealthy place for anyone and for these Indians, accustomed to the high altitude of their mountain home, the hot malarious climate of the low lands was deadly. They died by the score. Chief Joseph protested and protested In vain, but the federal authorities turned a deaf ear to his pleas to he allowed to return to his old home before his people were exterminated. To the everlasting credit of the soldier who 'had conquered him, it must be said that General Miles used his powerful Influence to make the government keep faith. Finally In 1885 the Ne* Perce* were allowed to return to the Northwest, but not to the spot they loved mast—the Wallowa valley. They were sent to the Colville reservation in Wa*hlngt«*n and there they lived for the next 20 years with Chief Joseph taking the lead in guiding his people in the white man’s road. There on September 21. 1904. the old chief “nodding by the fire, dreaming perhaps of days of daring and deeds of valor, by which, savage though he was. be had written his name on the pages of hlfitory, slipped quietly to the ground and fell into, his eternal sleep.”

ing to carry home a sum of money due him for s picture he had painted, and paid in copper coins to humiliate and annoy him. The painter carried the money some twenty miles on a hot day to save the expense of hiring a conveyance. The consequent exhaustion led to a breakdown that aided in his death. } A Thrifty Chap > Lament “I wish you were a doll, dear.’! “Sirr “A doll's satisfied with sawdust.”

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APPLE STORAGE IS QUITE IMPORTANT

For 18 years the pomology section of the lowa agricultural experiment station at Ames has been investigating the control and prevention of apple storage diseases, and the fourth report in the form of Bulletin No. 222, which may be secured by anyone Interested who will address his inquiry to the Bulletin Section, lowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, lowa. This report, containing 64 pages, covers internal breakdown, apple scald, Jonathan-spot and soft-scald. It describes each o£ the diseases and reports what measures were found most effgetive in the control of each. The investigations reported were carried on mainly with Jonathan und Grimes apples. It was found that apples of either variety should not be held after January 1, because Jona-than-spot is likely to affect Jonathan after that date and because of the danger of Internal breakdown attacking Grimes. Jonathan-spot was best controlled on Jonathan when they were picked before becoming too mature and stored immediately at about 32 degrees Fahrenheit and a relative humidity of 80 to 90 per cent was maintained. Although early picking reduced Jonathan-spot, it also increased soft-scald on Jonathan apples and the authors of the bulletin, U. H. Plagge and T. J. Maney, feel that more experimental work is necessary to determine the best picking date for Jonathan. Jonathan-spot affects deeply red colored apples most and occurs on Koine Beauty, King David and Esopus as well as on Jonathan. It occurs as greenish tinge to blackish colored spots which range from one-sixteenth to one-fourth inch In diameter. Apple scald on Grimes was best controlled by delaying the picking date and by wrapping the apples in oiled wraps, but here again internal breakdown was most extensive If picking was delayed too long. The best control methods for internal breakdown were to pick Grimes before they had become too mature and then to store them immediately. Apple scald is said to be most Ilk* ly to affect the Arkansas. Grimes, ltome Beauty, Sheriff, Yellow Newtown, York Imperial and Winesap varieties, and that the Willow Twig, Northern Spy, Jonathan, Missouri Pippin, and Kalis varieties are practically immune. Plan for Growing Apple Seedlings During Fall In the growing of apple seedlings the usual practice is to secure apple pomace in the autumn and sift out the coarser material and then wash the balance until the seeds cun be separated. The pomace will rise and the seeds sink in the water. They may then be mixed wijth dry sand and sown in a cold frame or In the field. Some nurserymen store the seed in sand or sawdust until spring but they should never be allowed to become dry and hard or the germination is very slow and uneven. Excellent seedlings may be secured by removing the seed from apples at the present time. Sow in rows in a flat and place the flat in a greenhouse or in a favorable place in the house where the temperature is fairly uniform. The seeds will germinate almost at once and when the ground is ready to work, plant these little seedlings in a fertile place where they can be worked by hand through the season. Good plants can be secured in this way. All Raspberries Require Some Kind of Protection The black raspberries require protection. This is provided by covering the canes in the fall with earth. The red raspberries need similar protection but if you are sore of having sufficient snowfall to cover the plants ail winter, less protection would be required. However, It is safer to protect them. The Latham red raspberry is one of the hardiest varieties. The Minnesota State Horticultural society recommends the following black raspberries : Cumberland, Plum Farmer, and Gregg. Red varieties: King, Cutbbert, Sunbeam, Ohta, and Latham. In buying plants be sure to get them from companies having disease-free stock. This means that the mosaic disease has been injuring many of the red varieties. The state nursery inspection office Is trying to eliminate the disease by carefully inspecting the growing plants twice each year. Horticultural Facts We are raising the majority of our insect pests. • • • Between 200,000 and 400,000 cars of fresh, canned and dried fruits are shipped annually from California. • * * The time to kill chewing and leafsncklng insects is when they are there. e e • Keep the gooseberry and currant bushes thinned out so that they will not become infected with mildew in midsummer. Spraying with a solution of potassium sulphide—one-half ounce to a gallon of water — is helpfoL • • • One of the principal items in the care of graperrines is the close observation of all parta of the plants to observe the first attack of any enemy insect or disease. If such is found, control measures should be started at amw'

Health That Vanishes Can Be Found Again Modiste Now Being Congratulated by Friends on Her Surprising Recovery . Nervousness , Headache* and Sleeplessness Relieved

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The difference between fame and | A iew weeks’ vacation from the gas notoriety is that notoriety generally j range makes all the difference in the lasts longer. | world —both ways.

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A Girls Critical Age