The Syracuse Journal, Volume 19, Number 12, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 22 July 1926 — Page 2

YOUTH RIDES WEST By WILL IRWIN WNV Serried Copyright by Will Irwin

THE STORY SO FAR On their way to the new Cottonwood gold diggings in Colorado in ths early Seventies, Robert Gilson, easterner, and his partner. Duck Hayden, a veteran miner, witness the hold-up of a stage coach, from which the express box ia stolen before the bandits are scared off. Among the hold-up victims are Mrs. Constance Deane, and Mrs. Burnaby, who intends to ppen a restaurant tn Cottonwood: Gilson meets Marcus Handy, editor, on his way to start the Cottonwood Courier. Arriving in town. Gilson and Hayden together purchase a mining claim. A threatened lynching is averted by the bravery of Chris McGrath, town marshal.

CHAPTER IV—Continued We listened to him until long after midnight. Even then, I lay awake for hours, weaving golden and melodramatic dreams. And when 1 woke next morning, the daily routine of calm college life in the seventies seemed flat end uninspiring. That mood passed, of course. I am not sure whether I ever talked to Tilden again; certainly, it was not of the West 1 must have seen him on the day when took our diplomas “and our conventional, illusory advice from th«** president, but I do not remember. I was graduated with a cum laude; as befitted a gentleman. I had proved a good scholar but not too good. So I found myself back in my mother's colonial homestead by Cohasset common, with my future as undetermined as on the day when I matriculated at Harvard. It had always been understood that. In spite of the family money, I should “do something.** Our etock was still near enough to the •tony soil of .New England to despise a loafer. My father, dying when 1 was h child from the lingering consequences of his’wound at Cold Harbor, had incorporated before his death the wholesale wool house in Boston which .was the foundation of our prosperities, •nd had tum«) his other properties into railroad .®i»nds. In my mother, true to type. Judicious generosity was xnlxed with native thrift and economy; through her conmirvutlw but intelligent management the margin of the fortune had Increased, even during the hard times of "73. ‘ By the terms of my father’s w|ll my mother, as executrix, must dole out to me such sums as were necessary to my support and maintenance. On my thirtieth birthday the fortune would be divided; there were only three helm: my mother, my •Ister Emily now finishing at a select seminary for young ladies in Boston, and I. And in the course of time and nature, half of I my mother’s share would come to the. My future, while undetermined, was s»*cure— far. far t<to •ecure. I passed the hummer In Cohasset, trying to inhibit thought of the future; a pleasant period on the surface, but below that vaguely unsatisfactory. I sought excitement In a flirtation, which came nrar to an entangletnent. with Nellie Ferris—petite, pluiup. as was then the fashion in women, delicately featured, dowered with an active little mind and an acute little wit. I suppose that If I had remained in Cohasset, proximity would have done Its full work. As It was, the affair never went; further than kissing good«by when I Started West. I was reading one night by the student lamp In the library and mother wan writing letters at the escritoire In the corner, when I looked up to find her eyes fixed on me with an expression hard yet quizzical. I retain yet a picture of Her as she looked that night. She was forty-five. In that era, a woman of her years had long anticipated the Inevitable, given up bright colors and such youthful fripperies as croquet and sea- bathing, and was preparing ft»r her era of caps and knitting. I thought of her, from the viewpoint of twenty-two, as Incredibly aged. Yet. as she sat there facing me. her chestnut-brown hair, dressed In the innumerable waves and small curls of current fashion, showed no thread of white. The old lace of her Sunday finery foamed about her throat and bosom. From somewhere amidst a foam of lace, one of her plump but

Official Dog-Whipper in English Churches

The Reading dog which Is in the habit of accompanying his mistress to ehurch is evidently Influenced by ancestral memories, for in the Eighteenth and even early Nineteenth centuries dogs were such frequent churchgoer* that a special official, the dogwbipper. was appointed at many places of worship to eject them. Painful experience bad taught those whippers-out that haphazard grabs at elusive animals were futile, so they armed themselves with formidable doR tongs for holding them at arm's length. There is a set of these tongs preserved at Bangor .cathedral, where, a* befits such a curiosity, they are kept tn a glass case. They are strongly made of oak. and when fully extended —they are collapsible, like a movable triepboue arm are about three feet ama— *»n _ With Rettrvatioiu A parson’s little daughter came home from school tn great concern. “Isn’t devil a horrible word to be fr the Bible, daddy?” she said. “It gras in my portion this afternoon, but I coughed when I came to it and jrouldn't read It,” Thia reminds one of the curate who gendered a well-known passage: He eat belteveth net shall be damned, •a it werw“

shai>ely forearms supported a tapered hand which was tapping a penholder against her lips. Her other hand lay stretched out on the desk toward me in an attitude which merely hinted at affection. Mother's affections ran so deeply that she expressed them with difficulty. We New Englanders are still very near in spirit to Old England; and we show it in nothing so much as in our shy repression of our deepest emotions. •‘Rob,’’ said my mother, “what do you propose to do next?" “Enter law school in the fall,*" I replied. Not until I expressed it in that bald manner did 1 realize how little the law really Interested me. “And then?” pursued my mother, continuing to tap her penholder against her tightened lips. “Oh. practice, I suppose. Somewhere..” “Somewhere." repeated . my mother dryly. “And somehow. Rob, does that vague prospect allure you?” "No," said I. jerked suddenly Into frankness with her and with myself. “No, it doesn't” Mother nodded. “I thought so!" And suddenly my lazy young mind stirred and began to function with realities. I knew why life in Cohasset bad seemed so flat, and why my mind —not through fear but through boredom —had been refusing to picture the future. Tilden, during that all-night talk tn Harrison's room, had planted lb me a seed more vital than either of u* knew. ,4t had been germlnating“all this time. Now. suddenly, it sprouted to the surface. And — “Mother, 1 think I want to go West," I said. She kept her eyes on mlnq, but there was a break tn her voice as she replied : . “Not. for good?” “<»h.*no’“ said I. “Just for a year or so." Then 1 walked to the window, see what might be in my face; stood looking out at the lights of Cohasset harbor. Mother spoke very gently from behind me: “I had thought of every possibility but that. I was about to suggest that you go to sea for a while—my tribe, away back, were seafaring people. It's far from genteel, the West." Her Inference that-the forecastle of a deep-sea vessel stood notable for an atmosphere of gentility amused me, so that I dared turn back from the windownnd show my face. ' there’s steel in you.” said mother—now she was looking down Into the pigeonholes of her old mahogany desk —“though it’s never been tempered yet—and some generations of iviiilriiitn No. Rob. you'll -come through that, of course, there’s danger. Dreadful things happen out there." Mother had never In her life traveled west of Albany, and had formed her picture from the newspaper*. “I'll risk that!" said I. my youthful pride in my own courage slightly piqued. "That’s true," replied mother. “I said you hud steel in you. Perhaps for me It isn't so easy." Then mother did what she had not done sin.e I was a little b«y. She had always kissed me perfunctorily at meeting and parting. But now she iteld out her arms to me. I came to her; and she patted and petted me silently. I looked up presently, to see that -he was crying without sobs or sniffles— Just the big tears coursing down her cheeks. I wiped her eyes and—“l won’t go If you feel that way about it," I said. Whereupon she became at once her old. peppery self. She snatched the handkerchief away from me. finished the drying process, and Jerked out t “Imn’t be a fool. Robert." So we sat down and planned It all out practically. I remembered something Tilden had said during that conversation in Holworthy halt—“ You don’t get that sort of thing in California any more. We’re growing civilized. Nowaday*, the real wild life lies in the Rockies. People are just beginning to break into them." Offhand and without further thought. I chose the Rockies. Then came the matter of funds And there my mother became steel and adamant, if my wander years were going to do me any good, she said. I must pay my o\m way. She

in length. At the “business end” there are formidable teeth, cruel teeth to modern ideas, for getting a good grip on struggling dogs. A Carnarvonshire set is dated as late as 1813. Hatt’t Hl Effects Hate, which clenches the fist of man, clenches equally the poison-sac of the snake and the sac of coloring matter which darkens the water as the sac of musk befouls and poisons the air. We experience certain surface sensations in fury or terror which lead us to speak of “bristling with rage." or of the hair standing on end with terror. Among the animals we may see the phenomenon taking place, and this rising of the hair is again only the result of our old friend muscular compression. How strong that action must be we may Judge from the behavior of the “fretful porcupine." for in the lifting of his quills we see that which we hear In our own voice. Spruce Gam Out of Favor Tears ago the business of gathering spruce gum in the forests of Maine was highly developed and gave employment to many. Today it languishes, only one man Is actively encaged in having it gathered and only a doses Indiana tramp through the wood* to bring ha the stores

would get me out there. She would get me back, if necessary. And, in any event, I must not stay more than two years. This at first both hurt and piqued me; I had pictured myself leaping from adventure to adventure, without thought of the morrow and always with plenty in my pockets. The cold, hard reality of making a living had not entered into my dreams of the West. But by the time I had slept on the matter. I perceived dimly that the true adventure must be sweetened with practical effort; otherwise it is all plums and no suet. And I accepted mother's conditions. Os course. I missed the deeper realities of her decision, as youth always does. 1 had to let maturity and experience ripen my own understanding before I could appreciate the fullness of her sacrifice to the development of my character. It took a woman of her breed and time to do it. Others would merely have thought of it. or would have pulled back at the last moment. Mother played the game through. Only when I reached Denver did she seem to repent a little, of her bargain with herself and me. From her first letter dropped a money order for three hundred dollars. “I am sending this so." she wrote, “because I am not sure then 1 are banks out there. You are not to ..spend it now. 1 know, of course, that you will follow my wishes. It is just a reserve in case yqu are in trouble or for any other unexpected contingency." But I did not at first follow the trail of adventure clear through. Denver was the railroad terminus; last thrust of the civilization I knew. Then, as now. It stood gateway to the Rockies. Established in a cheap hotel down by \ 1 W rEUI Next Morning I Wai Weighing Sugar and Learning to Wrap Bundles. the Union station, with .fifty dollars in o my pocket and the world before me. I spent two days acclimating my lungs to the rarefied atmosphere and my spirit to these entertaining new surroundings before I counted my money and thought of my material situation. The Rocky Mountain News displayed columns of advertisements under the heading “Help Wanted." I ran them over—"teamsters’’—“railroad construction gangs’’—"shovel gangs” l —"miners." My eye grasiied al this item. 1 took the matter to the clerk at our hotel, my bureau of information on all things western. I found that "miner" meant not a romantic prospector. following the trail of fortune, but virtually a common laborer in the dark bowels of the earth. My face must have shown my spurt of dismay, for the clerk suddenly asked; “You’re educated, ain’t you?" “Yes." said I; and inhibited myself from saying how much I was educated, College breeding. I had found alI ready, did not recommend a young i man in the far West. "If you hustle out there quick." said the clerk, “you can get a checking job in the grading gang ><m by Longmount. Friend of mine had it. Happen to know he’s quitting today." “t'hecklr.g?" I asked. "Keepin’ time on the gang. Hiring and firing—mostly firing, nowadays," said the clerk, I drove out to Longmount In a rented livery buckboard; making no more of a small mat ter. I got the job. buckled down to it with all the interest in the world. With the boss, a taciturn and cynical old westerner whom 1 never came really to know, 1 "batched" tn a board shack. Uncommunicative as he was. be did teach me something about that essential western art. shooting. He himself handled a 45-callber CoKTs with such magic efficiency as to make me su*p»*<t that hl* silence concealed a past. The autumn rains came; there were light snows In the heights above, and they spread over the peaks a bridal veil which with each succeeding storm grew heavier. When it had become a blanket of snow, we finished our job and paid off. 1 was out of work, and I had but forty dollars abend. Then luck served me another good turn. Settling up Jmr business with Reichmann. the german grocer from whom we drew our commissary, 1 found that he needed a clerk. So next morning I was weighing sugar and learning to wrap bundles; and had found on Curtis street a modest bearding place. There I remained all winter. Denver, in those days, tntereeted me; but after all. it was not the West I had come to see and to live. The West 1 wanted lay beyond that white mountain barrier. * When spring came, I. would go—somewhere. It descended upon us suddenly, bringing the cottonwoods to bud overhead, mushing to an impenetrable

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

morass the unpaved roadways underfoot And, sharp on G that. the RockyMountain News splashed across its first page the story of a strike at Cottonwood, which I knew as a mining camp, but recently opened, somewhere up in the ranges. I closed out with Reichmann. who nearly wept to see me abandon a good job for the illusory business of mining, and went with my winter savings to Plested’s. JumptngofT place for the dash across the peaks. I Intended to proceed by stage. Next neighbor on the floor of a big tent which served as a lodging house. I met Ruck, breakfasted with him. reviewed the prospect of reaching Cottonwood in time to stake a decent claim, became intrigued with his honesty, his charily revealed experience, his technical knowledge of his business. Ruck was Just out of a partner, one Shorty, who had come down with him from Idaho, having-fallen before the wiles of woman and taken himself a wife in Denver. Hesitatingly I made bold to propose that we Join forces, adding that I had a little money. For this contingency, I felt. Justified me In dipping Into my mother’s emergency fund Buck accepted with a promptness which in him amounted to eagerness. So, a day later, we were toiling behind our tjpek-trains toward Cotton wood. This digging along Bear creeK was, therefor?, my first encounter with ac tual. hard, physical work. And when the fascination of golden sand begaa to pall, I realized that man does not by choice toil with the sweat of his face, hnt by- hard necessity. He must discipline himself to work with his hands; life had not given me that form of discipline. At first then consciously. I began to loaf. When Buck’s back was turned I st*>od long minutes at a time, contemplating *he mountains or trying to peer round the opaque corner of the hill at Cottonwood camp. I invented chores. An hour ahead of the event. I was waiting for Buck's cheerful “Well, better lay off and clean up. kid.” And about the fourth day we fonnrt the dear white bottom of the streambed streaked with another kind of sand, troublesome&to shovel and almost Impossible to rock and wash. In color a dirty yellowish white, in substance it resembled very hard sugar. Its heavy particles, enamel-surfaced and shiny like those of ordinary bottom sand, were yet extremely brittle. They ground under pressure Into a cutting powder as hard as emery. A dozen times that day we were forced to stop work and scrape Kils disturbing substance from rfie rifflei of our washer. And when we cleaned up an experimental pan. we found not a streak of gold. Disgusted. Buck pulled up stakes and moved operations to the other bank. His reward, which quite restored his drooping spirits, was a good day’s yield. All day he had bee» cursing the strange substance. That night, however, he forgave it sufficiently to scoop up a double handful and Inspect it by the light of our gaodle. “D —n college-bred mining expert might think he saw something in this here stuff." he remarked. “What, for example?" I asked. “Oh, most anything that come into his mind. I guess. What a mining expert looks for ain’t value. All he needs is a sucker." Saturday afternoon brought the longest hours of my life. To my Indescribable relief. Buck gave, even before the sun had dipped below the western range, the signal for quitting time. We cleaned up the rocker, cooked a hasty supiier. I bathed, shivering, in the creek, shaved, put on my single clean shirt and that suit of store clothes which 1 had unpacked and hung up in the vain hope that some of its creases would disappear. Buck washed his face and neck, brushed his bristly, unruly brown hair, wiped the. mud from his boots with a gunny sack, and let it go at that. So walking with eager haste through the deepening twilight, we plunged into tbe Joyous, confused babble Saturday night in camp. Cottonwool Camp, in the five days since we left for our claim, bad grown like an exhalation. The two-story building which housed the Black Jack was still the .most Imposing structure on Main street. However, the vacant

Many Lawyers Make Notes in Shorthand

Shorthand has played an important part in many trials at the Old Bailey, and It is not uncommon to see a barrister cross-examiirtng with the aid of a sheaf of shorthand notes. Shorthand helped Sir Richard Muir to trap Crippen In the witness box when he made his fatal blunder about the pajama suit which sent him to the scaffold. The great criminal lawyer used shorthand In every Important trial in which be wqf engaged. Sir Ri.hard Juuir. an old journalist, was such an expert writer of shorthand that he often took professional shorthand writers to task in the witness box and severely criticized thqir outlines. \ One Old Bailey barrister writes a kind of shorthand invented by his father. who was in his time a famous pleader. Conversofion Crook Police are baffled by what they term “a conversation crook.” who has been working quite successfully in and about Paris lately. The crook, police claim, rides in busses and cars, listens to private conversations and acts upon them. He heard one man say he must not forget to have a man call for his dining room table to be repaired. The crook got away with the table.

lots which, when I saw this thoroughfare last, had interspersed cabin, tent and board shack, were now filled tjp with other cabins, tents and shacks. Clear at the end of the street rose a tent Its sign read: “SIEGEL’S BEER HALL* SCHOONERS 25 CENTS ” “Beer!” exclaimed Buck. “Say. a beer would go good!” We pushed through the canvas door. Siegel, in bls haste to get custom, had not taken the trouble to floor his tent. Along the farther end ran two long tables, each bearing kegs. Bartenders in blue shirts, working like mad while the harvest lasted, were drawing full steins, setting them forth along the tables, making change, chucking the receipts into a box. And the crowd before the tables milled like cattle for a chance at the beverage which is the special solace of overworked tissues. We got to the tables at last ; our foaming beers stood before us and Buck was in the act of paying, when a hand shot from behind under hfs arm. seized his schmmer. I wheeled. A man as short and squatty as some marine monster stood drinking Buck’s beer. Over the rim of the schooner shone a pair of black eyes that glistened humorously; and his marine resemblance was pointed by a mustache, now flecked with foam, which dropped above an aggressive chin like that of a sen lion. Buck’s eyes snapped with resentment: then his expression changed and he broke into a string of expletives which I cannot here transcribe. “ —Shorty, you hamstrung old hoes, you!” it ended. “Same to you and many of ’em!” replied Shorty, removing from his lips the empty glass and wiping the foam from his mustache with the back of his hand. “Staked yet?" he Inquired. — “H—I, yes'” replied Buck. “After you went back on me. I throwed in with this kid tenderfoot here —kid. shake hands with Shor*».” “Put her thar. kid!” said Shorty, but though his language was hearty, his manner was perfunctory; his keen black eyes scarcely left Buck’s face. “Big thing?" he asked. “Looks like pay dirt.” "Shoot! A placer proposition?" “Only proposition that is! Did you bring your woman along?” “Ain't any woman's far’s I’m concerned.” replied Shorty, his countenance for the first time almost serious, “or won’t be soon’s I’ve raised the ; wind for a divorce. She was a— ’’ Here Shorty dropped an Anglo-Saxon noun describing without shadow or equivocation the oldest profession. “Thought so,” said. Buck. “What ye got against-placer?" he inquired. “Bigger fish." replied Shorty. “How long you been vegetatin’ on your placer claim? Don’t you read the news?" Frotn the capacious pocket of his woolly overcoat. Shorty produced a folded newspaper, opened its grimy creases. “The Cottonwood Courier.” it was b.eadeti. And I realized how much we had missed; and also the enterprise of Marcus Handy. Hazily, I had cata- ' logued the first appearance of the first I newspaper in camp as an event of the 1 distant future. Bu there It was already—Volume 1. Number 2—its front page a worn and ill-aligned patchwork of scareheads. Or what were scareheads for those days.. The main item, indeed, ran clear across two columns, and began: “Latest Find Rich Beyond Calculation Cottonwood Camp. Crown City of the Rockies. Does It Again • Unlimited Wealth Pours Into Laps of Lucky Locators on Liverpool Hill It’s Gold Quartz This Time, but They’re Striking Everything. *Greatest Camp That Ever Was.’ Say Experienced Mining .Men!" “Gold quartz!" commented Shorty “Maybe the mother lode that your little tailings come from.” “Well, ’tain’t a poor man’s proposition.” remarked Buck. “Them lucky locators is working for Wall street. Stake*! anything for yourself?” “Nope. Just got here.” t "Anything in sight?” “There’s a bundred-dollar bill buried somewhere on me.” answered Shorty. “Find it on me. and it’s yours. It’s all she left me." “I guess, pardner.” said Buck, "you wish to h —l you’d stayed with me.” "I wish to li—l I had!” How to edit a mining-camp newspaper is one of the rare treats in store for readers in the next installment *TO BB CONTINVBD.)

Lord Merrlvnle. president of the di- j A-<.rr.- court, and an old “Gallery” reporter. is an expert, and used to communicate with the late Sir Isaac Pitman. the great shorthand pioneer, by means of the “the winged art.” —Montreal Family Herald. Famous Work of Art A famous painting of Eleanor, duch ess of Gloucester, by Edwin Abbey, illustrates an episode In scene 4. act 2. part 2. of King Henry VI. The king bad Just married Margaret of France. The duke of Gloucester was the king’s protector, and Eleanor dreamed a dreapi in which “Henry and Dame Margaret kneeled to me and on my head did sit the diadem.” She was ambitious both for herself and her husband, and ambition carried her too far. Offending the queen, she played into the hands of her busband’s enorules and was charged with disloyalty, , tried and convicted. Because of her noble birth. Eleanor was not put to death, but was obliged to do three day’s open penance and banished to the Isle of Man. Abbey’s painting depicts the street acene. How Timas Change In the long ago Sunday was « day to think about the hereafter, not a day to get there.—Duluth Herald.

CONTROL INSECTS IN THE ORCHARDS — A drive dealing death to insects ini testing South Dakota orchards is advocated by G. T. Gilbertson, assistant ; state entomologist at state college. . “The program of Insect prevention and control in orchards Is logical," he claims, “because it is aimed at the beginning phase of later outbreaks. Its cost is offset by the resultant increased yield and quality of the fruit" Insect prevention and control may be divided into two divisions —spraying and cultural practices. The cultural practices are weed destruction, removal of crop remnants, and primings. Pruning should be practiced because it aids in insect control through ' the elimination of diseased and infested wood. Refuse, such as crop remnants and prunings. should be re- ■ moved and burned, because in this material insects peculiar to the crop often feed and multiply. Weeds should be destroyed. They furnish excellent hibernating quarters for some Insects, and they propagate other insects, all harmful to the orchard. “The second division of the spring care of orchards includes spraying schedules for the spring season." Gilbertson says. “To spray at the eor- ; rect times, to use the proper form and strength of spray, and to make a , thorough covering of the parts sprayed, are Important points to remember. Three sprays—the dormant spray, the early spring spray, and the petal fall spray—are known as the spring applications." The dormant spray, according to Gilbertson, is a strong spray used on the trees before the buds begin to swell. The commercial lime-sulphur liquid, which must be diluted with eight to ten parts of water, is one of the best dormant sprays. It destroys scale insects, aphid eggs. etc. This same spray, but diluted at the rate of I*6 gallons of lime-sulphur to 50 gallons of water, should be applied when the buds show pink, though before they burst. This is the .early spring spray. If plant lice abound, black leaf 40—one-third of a pint to every 50 gallons of the dinted spray —may be added. A third spray, the petar fall spray, should follow when the petals have fallen away frqjn the blossoms—never while the trees are in full bloom. Lime-sulphur, diluted as in the early spring spray, is used. To this is added lead arsenate powder—two pounds to every 50 gallons of diluted spray.. Pinch Berry Shoots at About Eighteen Inches The ends of young shoots of black raspberries, purple canes and blackberries should be pinched off when the shoots have reached a height of about eighteen Inches. These shoots generally reach this height early In June, and this pinching process helps forc» out buds along the main stem, so that they will form lateral branches. Plants pruned In this way branch near the ground and are better able to support themselves. This kind of pruning is almost always used where the grower does not jiave trellises. It may be necessary to go through the patch several times for the best results, as pinching should not be delayed much beyond the time when the shoots are the ’right height If it is done later in the season when the shoots are longer, the growth from the lower buds will not be satisfactory. The general effect of the pinching ia to keep the bushes more compact and easier to pick, to prune and to work around. . It' is not advisable that red raspberries be summer pinched, because it •eems to encourage growth of suckers; red varieties also send out laterals which are weak and spindling —less desirable than the single, vigorous well-matured canes. Curculio Causes Peach to Fall From the Tree The early failing of peaches is very likely* caused by the presence of the curculio which attacks the fruit and causes it to tall from the trees. To help prevent this insect, practice clean cultivation in the orchard and the surroundings to reduce the hiding and hli bernating places. To help control j them, spray with arseaale of lead, one i and one half und' hydrated ■ lime, two pounds to fifty gallons of water. Apply this spray when the : shucks or calyxes are shedding from ; the newly-set fruit. Again, two weeks ; after the shucks have shed, apply seifboiled lime-sulphur and one and a half pounds arsenate of lead to fifty /gallons of water. Raspberry Growing From a survey completed last year In southwestern Michigan, it was j found that many growers are produc- ; tag black raspberries at a very high I cost. From cost figures collected on i twenty-nine different plantations, I varying from two to thirty acres in size, it was learned that one grower ■ was producing berries as low as $1.15 a crate, while another had a cost of $20.72 a crate. The average was $2.53. Forty-erne per cent of the twen-ty-nine growers lost money. Planting Fruit Trees In planting orchard trees a large roomy hole should be dug and the ’surface soli kept separate from the subsoil The roots should be spread out and surface soil packed firmly around them. The top two inches of soil should not be packed, Mitber should a mound be left around the trees to shed the rata water. Bather leave the soli level with surrounding area and be certain that the tree is as deep and preferably two inches deeper than it stood in the nursery-

Gallatin Gateway A New Route to Yellowstone Park Commencing August Ist, the regular Yellowstone Park Mo tor Coaches will operate direct from Three Forks,Montana, for the Park Tour. Go West thia year via the Chicago, Milwau* fcee St. St. Paul. Take “The Olyntpian* 9 famous transcontinental train operated by electric power over four mountain ranges. Stop over at Three Forks on the main line and visit Yellowstone Park. Never before have you had an opportunity to step into the regular Park Motor Coaches direct from a through trans, continental train. No branch line travel. Call on o**r travel experts for full information

Address Travel Bureae C. M. A st. P. Ry. 809 Transportat’n Bldg. Detroit 939 Vnlon Trust Bldg. Cleveland Tl 9 March. Bank Bldg. Indianapolis

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