The Syracuse Journal, Volume 19, Number 10, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 8 July 1926 — Page 6

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< > YOU know the story of the Declara tlon of Independence? Do you know f- who drafted it? Who signed it. and when? Where the original document Is today? This Immortal document, a facsimile of which Is reproduced above, will be 150 years old this month. Today the Stars, and Stripes and the flag of

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Great Britain are Intertwined in a bond of friendship. Let us go bark and review the situation a century and a half ago. Prior to the revolutionary struggle, the sentiment -ta the colonlee for more than ten years from the time of the original Stamp act troubles was opposed to severance of relations with Great - Britain. Even such memorable events as Paul Revere** ride and the battle of Lexington and Concord In April. 1775, had failed to -arouse any widespread determination for Independence. In iu1y.1775. the same Continental congress which had appointed Washington commanded In chief -f the, army, drew up a declaration of tKe causes for taking up arms in which it was said: “We mean not to dissolve that union which has so long and so happily subsisted between us and which we sincerely wish to see restored.” Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, himself wrote two months after, the battle of Bunker hill that he was looking with fondness toward a reconciliation krlth Great Britain.“ * Historians point out that the colonists were the and George 111 and the English parliament were the radicals In starting the American Revolution. Such men as Benjamin Franklin. Raruuel and John Adams, and Patrick Henry had felt for a long-time that a break was . Inevitable. The declaration of the citizen# of Mecklenbury county. N. C.. was one of the local events Indicating the trend of public opinion toward independence. Not until the appearance of Thomas Palne*s stirring pamphlet “Common Sense,” however, early tn January. 1770. was there any appreciable public sentiment in Its favor. This pamphlet, despite Its faulty logic, explained the situation to the people as none of the more eminent political writers had done. It avoided constitutional technicalities, and tn the plain language <V the day presented the facts so that all could understand. Paine suddenly found himself transformed from obscurity to fame. The Pennsylvania legislature voted him $2,500. and a southern legislator suggested that a statue to Paine in gold would not be too high an honor. Things began now to move rapidly In the colonies. Six months after the appearance of Paine's pamphlet Bichard Henry Lee of Virginia rose in the Continental congress at Philadelphia on June 7. 1776. and presented his famous resolutions which tfuickly led to the Declaration of Independence. These resolutions, tn handwriting, and now one of the treasured papers on the Library of Congress, were: Resolved. That these United Colonies are. and of right ought to be. free and independent States; that they are abeolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection

Webster’s Tribute to Hero of Bunker Hill

-But—ahi—Him! the great martyr ta this great cause! Him! the premature victim to his own self-devoting heart! Him! the bead of our civil councils and the destined leader of •nr military bands, whom nothing brought hither but the unquenchable fire of his own spirit; him! cut off by *. Providence to the hour of overwhelming anxiety and thick gloom; falling ere he saw the ntnr «< his country

between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally diasolved: That It Is expedient forthwith to take the most effectual measures for forming foreign alliances; That a plan of confederation be prepared and transmitted to the respective Colonies for their consideration and approbation. Here was a pure Declaration of Independence, proposed by one of the most eminent men of the most influential colonies at that tlpie, and promptly seconded by John Adams of Massachusetts. The next day congress went Into a committee of the whole to consider the resolutions. Delegates from Pennsylvania. New York, and one or two other colonies, objected on the ground that the Middle colonies were not yet ready for so radical a step, although personally expressing a friendly attitude. Congress realized that unanimous action by ail the colonies on a question of such moment was of supreme importance. Several delegates had not been Instructed to go so far as voting for independence. New York and New Jersey being among them. The majority had been authorized to take any action that might be considered wise. Virginia, on the other hand, had gone so far as actually to instruct her delegates to propose It declaration to congress. Richard Henry Lee was simply obeying his legislature when he presented his resolutions. On June 10. congress postponed final consideration for three weeks, and on the following day appointed a committee of five to draw up a declaration. Lee surely would have been on this committee had he not in the meantime been called home at the illness of his wife. But for that the Virginian might have been the author of the Declaration of Independence, instead of his younger Virginia colleague. Thomas Jefferson, then but thirty-three years old. Coming to congress with a reputation of wielding a facile pen. Jefferson in the balloting for the committee received a majority of votes and became Its chairman. The others were Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania. John Adams of Massachusetts. Roger Shernwn of Connecticut, and Robert R. Livingston of New York. Stories differ as to how Jefferson came to b* selected to write “the one American state paper” as has been said, “that has reached to the supreme distinction in t£e world and that seems likely to last as long an American civilization endures.” One account Is given by John Adams, who said that he and Jefferson were appointed by the cdtomlttee to prepare the rough minutes tn a proper form. When Jefferson first proposed that Adams prepare the draft of the Declaration. Adams declined, giving, as be says in his autobiography. the following reasons: “(1) That he was a Virginian and I a Masaachusettensian. (2) That he was a southern man and I was a northern one. (3) That I had been so obnoxious for my early and constant zeal tn promoting the measure that every draft of mine would-undergo a more severe scrutiny and criticism in congress than of Ma composition. (4) And lastly, and that would be reason enough if there were no other, I had a great opinion of the elegance of his pen and none at all of my own. I therefore Insisted that no hesitation

rise; pouring out his generous blood like water before he knew whether it would fertilise a land of freedom or of bondage! how shall I straggle with the emotions that stifle the utterance of thy name! Our poor work may perish, but thine shall endure! This monument tyay molder away: the solid ground it rests upon may sink down to a level with the sen. but thy memory shall not tall! Wheresoever

I among men a heart shall be found that beats to the transports of patriotism sad liberty, its aspirations shall 1 be to claim kindred with thy spirit !" — t Daniel Webster's eulogy on Gen. Josr eph Warren. i Hastened Revolution s The name “Boston Massacre" is pop- | - ulariy given to a street affray that oce curved to Boston March 5. 1770. bey tween the citiiens and the British solr dtery. The garrison, being annoyed ,

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

should be made on his part. He accordingly took the minutes, and in a day or two produced to me his draft.” in 1523. tells a slightly different story. He says that the entire compdttee urged him to make the draft. He showed it first to Franklin and Adams, who, in their handwriting, made a few minor alterations. This original draft was given by Jefferson to Richard Henry Lee, the dean of the Virginia delegation, and in 1825 his grandson presented it to the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia. Making another copy, which incorporated the suggested changes. Jefferson presented it to ttie committee which reported it unchanged to the congress. On July 1. 1776, Philadelphia buzzed with excitement, for here was to be taken the most important step in a long series of disputes with the mother country. The original resolutions of Richard Henry Lee before the body as a committee of the whole. They were approved by a two-thirds vote. Delaware. Pennsylvania, and South Carolina being on the negative side. The New York delegates, having received no instructions, were unable tc vote. When the formal vote of congress was taken the next day. the resolutions were approved by twelve colonies —all except New York. Thus on July 2. 1776, the original colonies became the United States of America. The next two days were spent in discussing the draft of the declaration as drawn by Jefferson. The debate was lively, but when it was over, the draft was adopted with very few changes. Os the twenty-eight specific charges brought against George 111. only one was deleted. That was the one accusing the king of “piratical warfare” in permitting the capture and enslavement of human beings. This was not a just charge, for the slave trade had been carried on long before the reign of George ITT. One other paragraph, near the close, was omitted. Besides these, barely twenty lines were stricken out. amp. not a single addition of fact was made. The Declaration of Independence was then unanimously adopted by the twelve colonies whose delegates were Instructed to vote in its favor, on July 4. 1776. which henceforth became the recognized birthday of the new nation. On July 9 word arrived at the headquarters of George Washington in New York that the Declaration had been ratified, and it was at once read to the soldiers and citizens. On the same day the New York assembly. In session at White plains, gave Its formal vote for Independence, and for the first time the thirteen colonies were united In their common cause. John Hancock, president of the congress, was the only member who signed the Declaration on July 4. An engrossed copy on parchment was ordered for all the delegates to sign. This was completed on August 2 and signed by 54 delegates. Two others signed later. Thomas McKean of Delaware. who was absent with his regiment in August. and Matthew Thornton of New Hampshire, who was not elected to congress until the autumn. He was permitted to sign the document in November. waking the total number of the famous “Signers” 56.

by several hundred of the populace, who were pelting them with snowballs and otherwise embarrassing them, fired on the crowd, killing three and wounding several others. Among those killed was a negro, Crispus Attucks, looked upon as somewhat of a leader. The affair created intense excitement, and doubtless hastened the breaking out of hostilities. Until the beginning of ; the Revolution, five years later, the ; anniversary was celebrated, and the incidents of the day made the subject of oratory —Kansas City Star.

MILLINERY FOR MIDSEASON; SIMPLE AND DAINTY FROCKS

tT ERE la a group of five midseason *A hats, tn trimmed and tailored types, that summarise important and encouraging features of the mode. They are straws that show which way the millinery wind is blowing—and they point in the direction of handcraft in the making and trimming of hats. The more artistry and handcraft we have, the more inter-

wEJHFsI.. IX. U *•«< -- \ ~ J * i \<- x F V JI SX < t ! '> '*y Oig®' : i J 2

Sobm Midaeason Hata.

•sting and worthwhile our headwear becomes. In midsummer much re- | straint is evident in .trimmings—but i craftsmanship makes up for this; whatever is used the hand of an artist. 7~" ' A summer without leghorn hats would be like home without a mother, so the group leads off with a wide brimmed leghorn shape. „ trimmed with flower petals, made of silk, and some millinery foliage. Each petal is made by hand and the fancy of the trimmer is free to play with color and arrangement as it will. The brim is bordered with lace with a drooping frill at the edge. A dignified and elegant tailored hat at the right Is made of straw cloth and satin, in black. It sponsors the wider tailored styles with upturn at the back. Folds of straw cloth and satin are interwoven on the side crown. This is a fine and spirited hat for matrons. A pretty straw shape, faced with crepe, oc-

{Oft*- ■- - HHUi " If// fJ ' I Wk '*l Ft X I E 1- a .......1 Pretty Frock for Little Giri

copies the center of the group and I deserves the place of honor because | of its artistic drapery and trimming of wide, soft ribbon. It , looks very simple—but no amateur could make tt. Milan straw and silk give a good account of themselves in the smart, square-crowned shape at the lower left of the picture, with clusters of flowers posed on the brim at the back. This Is another of those sim-ple-seeming affairs that reveal an artist’s hand. But the picture is finished with a fascinating, plain hat of milan straw, with a double collar in silk and velvet ribbon. It is a swag-

Evening Capes The newer evening wraps may not contribute much warmth, but they do their bit for appearance’s sake none the less. They are composed of seven capes of tulle, one over the other, and their chic and beauty depends on the way the colors of the different layers are blended. New Sleeves The new dresses which are essentially quite plain today, must have something to set them off from me-

ger model, a bit rakish as to shape and altogether captivating for weai with trim-tailored suits and for tra» ellng. Little Miss Somebody, whethet dressed for play or a party, is apt to be clad tn a simple frock of a prettj color. For play it will be made of i sturdy material, have white collari and cuffs and only the simplest of

needlework, byway of adornment Fine chambray Is as popular as any fabric for all sorts of play frocks and comes in many colors, with green, blue, lavender and peach heading ths list, followed by apricot, rose, orchid and light yellow. English btoajlcloth is a satisfactory medium for everyday | dresses and gingham is never left out Up to six years old, short, simple frocks are made with panties t«> match in all different materials For less strenuous wear, fine cotton voile or dotted swiss prove themselves equal to withstanding a lot of wear. Smocking is popular on these sheet materials, which are made up in flower-like colors with organdie pockets. collars and cuffs In white, finished with buttonhole stitching and show ing. occasionally, small sprays of flowers embroidered on the collar and cuffs in color. No matter how sheet the material, panties to match may be made of it and this season’s frocks have short puffed sleeves and. in many cases, short yokes. Fine, colored voile, in many flower-like colors, as pink. blue, orchid, maize and salmon. is a great favorite and is partie-’ ularly well adapted to smocking 11

■ is used for party frocks and other atj fairs requiring little tots to be a bit dressed up. Georgette, crepe de chine and organdie are all used for party frocks Any of them might be made up like the little frock shown here, which is a straight, rather full dress with ruffles of the material in three rows at the hem line. Each ruffle is headed by three rows of narrow satin ribbon. The same finish is used for neck and sleeves. Wider satin ribbons, with little sprays of flowers painted at the ends, fall from the shoulder’. JULIA BOTTOMLEY. <©, UM. Weatitra N»w«p<per U“ lon ->

diocrity. For example, a plain black satin dress may have tight-fitting sleeves which will be embroidered from shoulder to wrist with flashing sequins. Or the dress may have a single huge bright-colored flower posed upon it with a big artificial stone in the center. Wbol on Sheer Fabrics Wool embroidery on georgette crepe and chiffon Is one of the new style tips from Paris. The more colorful the embroidery the better ,

THE M OkitchenlH HcabinetS (Q, 1>1«, WjMtern Newspaper Union.) Mid the rich stores of nature's gifts to man has his loves, close wedded \to his soul By association's golden llnka ? —Eliot. EVERYDAY GOOD THINGS There is nothing that ? takes the place of a good salad for a luncheon.

dinner or suppef dish. Garden Do> light.—Take one each of fresh, green , and red pepper, chop fine and mix with onecupful of cottage

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theese which has been well seasoned »nd enriched with butter or cream. Line salad plates with lettuce, and lay on each one-half of a banana cut engthwise. add salad dressing to thetheese and cover each with thesheese dressing. Halibut Souffle.—Take one cupful >f halibut flaked, one cupful of thick, rhite sauce, one egg beaten stiff, one Cablespoonful of lemon juice, one teatpoonful of Worcestershire sauce, salt tnd pepper to taste, one cupful of* »read crumbs and two tablespoouftrta>f grated cheese. Mix the flaked fish with the white sauce, add the lemon, luice, and Worcestershire sauce, salt tnd pepper, then fold in the egg white )eaten stiff. Butter a glass bakthgiish; fill three-quarters full, leavingroom for the crumbs and cheese on cop. Mix the crumbs with melted but* rer and the grated' cheese. Sprinkle >ver the souffle, bake in a hot oven Ifteen minutes. Serve with a spicy comato sauce if liked. Prune Cake. —Take one cupful of mgar. two tablespoonfuls of butter, »ne cupful of cooked prunes, finely chopped; one-half cupful of prune luice, one teaspoonful of soda,, two rupfuls of flour, two teaspoonfuls of baking' powder, one teaspoonful of cinnamon, one-half teaspoonful of cloves, one teaspoonful of nutmeg. Mix in the order given, sifting flour tnd dry ingredients together. Bake n two layers about thirty minutes. Ice with one cupful of powdered tugar. three tablespoonfuls of butter ind enough cream to make of the conristency to spread. The butter should >e well creamed with the sugar before the cream is added. Ox Tongues and Spinaeh.—Thecanned tongue and canned spinach nay be used fora hurry-up meal. Heat die tongue and place on a platter neaty sliced. Surround with a border of leasoned spinach chopped, garnished with sliced hard-cooked eggs. Baked Ham.—For each thick slice of* lam take one cupful of milk or •nough to cover. Cover and bake In a dow oven for an hour or more. Dishes From Grains. The coarser foods are quite -neceslary In our diet and should be freely

used at all times of the year. Scotch Oat Crackers.. —Put two cupfuls of' rolled oats through the- i meat grindeff* fold onefqjirth of a cupful each of milk and molasses, one and one-half tablespoonfuls of fat, onefourth of a teaspoonful

»f soda, one teaspoonful of salt and »ne-fourth of a cupful of raisins orjuts cut into bits. Mix well, roll very ihin and cut into fancy shapes. Baketwenty minutes moderate oven. Oatmeal Soup.—Take one-half can »f tomatoes, one-third of a cupful of »atmeal. two cupfuls of water, onemblespoonful of sugar, one-half of a J tmall onion, pepper and salt to taste, t bit of bayleaf and two tablespoonfuls of peanut butter. Cook one hour, rub through a sieve, add seasoning if jeeded and serve hot. Hominy Gems.—Pour one cupful of' icalded milk over half a cupful of torn meal, add one-fourth of a cupful »f hominy, a tablespoonful of sugar tnd the same pf shortening; mix well, tool, add a yolk beaten thick and i white beaten stiff. Sift in one and : >ne-half teaspoonfuls of baking powler and a little salt; beat well and take In hot well greased gem pans. Corn Meal Geme.—-Take one-half rupful of corn meal, add one cupful ts flour, three teaspoonfnls of bakingjowder. one tablespoonful of sugar, we tablespoonful of melted butter, >ne-half teaspoonful of salt, threefourths of a cupful of milk and one »gg. 801 l the milk, scald the corn deal, cool and add the remaining inrredients. Bake in well-greased musIn tins. Hominy and Pecan Croquettes.— Boil one-half cupful of hominy with k teaspoonful of salt in two cupfuls of water five minutes, then put into a Jouble boiler and cook two hours. Add two of >ne-half cupful of chopped pecans and a teaspoonful of scraped onion. Cool ind shape into cylinders. Beat one egg lightly, add two tablespoonfuis of water, roll the croquettes In crumbs, then egg, then in crumbs again and fry in deep fat. This makes one dozen •roquettes. Rich Drop Cookies. —Croam oneaalf cupful of butter. B<M one-half rupful of sugar, one egg well beaten, ftree-fourths cupful of flour, one-half waspoonful of vanilla, raisins, nuts »r citron. Drop by’ teaspoonful on butter sheet, spread thinly with a tnife dipped in water; decorate with fruit and nuts. Earliest Kind of Soap Mankind at a very early period in Its history discovered the necessity of soap to remove dirt and grease. Tho first soap, it is said, was made of goats’ tallow and the ashes of beechwood. Old Swedish Mine In Sweden there is a mine which Is ■o old that records are missing as to its age. As far as can be known the mine has been th active operation for nnro than 800 years