The Syracuse Journal, Volume 18, Number 40, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 4 February 1926 — Page 6

Population and Food | Whai Will Happen When We ll| Have 200,000,000 People ?, _—' —I, ii, ,iihninnftiiiliiiii i 1 i33§l§ sse -- |||i | I | nl ||h |! | ||ffl In gS|ggg S? - '''affM . lii I |OmZ i ill Ii Tg nil E ■ ' !® It 22ff11 r r - _ >///// * I 'fa • , LmsE| ® '.EgaM pg i iWf 1 ■gM I i 1\ w J S ■~-L-"W

By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN

INCE 1800 a “riotous century" of growth has doubled the population of the world. This population is now about I.7OOX>>O.OOU. The siatlstlctuns figure that at the present rate of Increase this number will double again tn sixty years. And this would mean a world population of 5,000,000 AM) at the end of the century. Would this mean a crowded

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world—so crowded that the struggle for existence Would bring about conditions which the present feneration cannot even Imagine? Probably it would. Anyway, the statisticians now seem to believe that the rate of Increase is declining and breathe a great sigh of relief over the finding. American statisticians are busy over the future of the nation in relation to population and food. Bo are the scientists. So is the federal government So are various public-spirited citizens, rhe press devotee much space to it. as any largo newspaper dally makes propt For TO years before the Civil war the population of* the United States increased 35 per cent each decade. At any rata, 2000 A. D. would see a population of 2.000,000.000 people. The rate of Increase, however, has fortunately declined to 15 per cent during the 1910-1020 decade. As it is now. we have about 115.000,000 people. At the same time we Import almost as much food as we' export And our standard of living is the highest In the world. Questions intriguing the scientists. agricultural experts and statisticians include these: How large a population can we actually maintain upon our own land resources? How targe should our population become? if we become crowded to the extreme limit, will life be worth living? Experts of the* United States Department of Agriculture have recently announced that agricultural production in continental United States could be developed so as to maintain about 300,000,000 people—but under conditions about like these: Standards of consumption prevailing In prewar Germany; reclamation of land to the limit through drainage and reclamation; decrease In number of certain food animals and increased use of pasture for crops; reduction of exports of foodstuffs: increased yield to the acre by Intensive cultivation to approximately that in Germany, Ilelglum and France. These conditions are made to apply to a population of 300.000.000. How far would they apply to a population of 200.000.000? No one apparently can say. But see how these conditions would work in comparison with our present ways of life. In prewar Germany the peerage annual per capita consumption of meat was 100 pounds; ours is ITO pounds. Land reclamation and Irrigation have already tone wonders. Yet government irrigation projects undertaken at an immense cost have been practically a failure. And Just now there Is a popular outcry against wholesale draining of swamp lands on the ground that they are needed to preserve our .game birds and waterfowl and flab from extinction. Kill off the cattle and raise crops on the land they use! Even now the live stock men are complaining bitterly! Gracing owners tn national forests are appealing to congress against forest service. Reduction of agricultural exports! Right now the farmer Is wrestling with might and main .with the problem of his surplus and bis trouble ere already a matter for national concern. | - Increased yield through Intensive cultivation! It is true that Europeans in places do raise an average of 31 bushels of wheat to the acre while our average is but 14. But there it takes

Cowcatchers for Motor Cars Is Urged i ■' I

A man’s life was aawd. according to a recent newspaper atory. by a -cowcatcher” on a radial car. The sun paper recorded the killing es a man by a motor ear; tt hadd» "cowcatcher.* The cowcatcher wan devised to remov* obstacle® from the path of a locomotive. Somewhat similar devices were installed on street cars> and re* lam The deaduaat vehicle of all baa

• 378 meu to grow the wheat that 100 men grow here. The well-being of our future population depends largely upon the product per man. We do not want to put the women and children of the family to work tn the fields. Malthus achieved fame long ago by his warning to the world that population was increasing faster than the means of subsistence. But Malthus’ world had none of the modern improvements. The Nineteenth century, through modern improvements, saw a phenomenal growth in population while at the same time standards of Bring were rising. Production kept ahead of consumption. This was largely because of modern facilities for the migration of individuals and for the exchange of goods. For example, 80,000.0(10 immigrants, mainly from Europe, have entered America since 1820. Again, owing to modern transportation the world Is now more of an entltity than were the American colonies tn the Revolution. In the United States, where we have no tariff barriers and our railroads practically make all sections of the country one, the , doctrine of Malthus hardly seems to apply. Yet the conditions both at borne and abroad are rapidly changing tn Important aspects. The desirable free land of the world is rapidly becoming exhausted. Ours is practically gone. Many European countries are not self-maintaln-ing in food. In America, points out Robert E. Chaddock, professor of statistics in Columbia university and president of the American Statistical society, lew than half of our land area can be used for crops, because of climatic and topographic conditions. And on this he adds that the best grades of arable land are already In use. Additional areas can be utilised only at greatly increased price*. We have reached a stage in our agricultural development of rapidly Increasing costa. This is in great contrast to the era of “free land" and rapidly expanding extensive agriculture. Many things are technically possible which are economically impossible on account of prohibitive costs. The experts who estimated that we could maintain 300,000,000 under specified conditions admitted that this would involve a severe reduction in general standard of living because of the heavy costs of utilization.” “Without question.” says Dr. Hubert Work, secretary of the interior, “we will need, years hence, ail the water that rah be stored and' all the irrigable, productive land tn the West to feed our people.” And here are other points that the secretary has to say In his annual report for 1025—a1l having a direct bearing on our future: Th* Bureau, of Reclamation was the only one of the It bureaus Ip the Department of the Interior Which seemed hopeteee two years ago. An expenditure of approximately ttf'O.eoe.eoo for reclamation projects had been made by the Federal government during the previous >• years, requiring an additional t«»,»*0.000 to complete them. The reclamation fund, originally intended to revolve or be funded in IS years, had not revolved in Sd years. Although the fund was supplemented by a lump appropriation of |2e.»**,oofi in 1908, repayment to the goveaament was only Sfe per cent after 20 yearn. A fact-finding committee reported that dams and eanals had been constructed on some projects for the irrigation of lands having Inadequate water supply and were either not capable of development or had soli Inherently too poor to support a family. The committee estimated that*on this account the government confronted a definite loan of |H.551.14< and a probable additional loss of M-520.000 of |te capital Investment Whether the lose to the government Is »2«.0v0,0W or double that, to not of material concern when • balanced against the continuance of a mistaken •» 9 °The obligation of the government In reclamation was further increased at the last session of conxres* by Initial appropriations for four new r.H.mutloß projects and extensions of throe existing projects which will ultimately entail aa ex£>ndlture of an additional 2*0.000.090. These further expenditures out of the reclamation fund

no device t» protect ttaelf from dam- ’ The locomotive or radial car travels ' on Its own where human , beings, costs or other “obataclee" have no right to be. Tet If they do stray to the path of the oncoming car they have some chance ot eecaping death bv reason of the “cowcatcher* «r fen- i Mr provided. The motor «r travels i on the common highway, where man, 1 -J. ... . . w —

women and children hare an equal right, but without the chance for safety provided by the “cowcatcher* on the nrivate ’ road. *' Isn’t ft about time for a new sort of motor car hamper, one built with • view to protecting the pedestrian ?- Toronto Globe. CM<f Mduacol I natraawnt The buHroarer is an Indian Instrument for producing rhythmic sound. e **•* ■ mMweaMwre -■»--»* ©* ® QMTrvre OSa*R**j taugular atat of wood, from about ate — »

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have been safeguarded by congress by requlrlna investigations of economic and agricultural feasibility, and In some cases requiring state cooperation.' This policy is sound and public sentiment will. I believe, support it. We are now entering a new era in the history of reclamation. Its present condition. Its difficulties. necessities, and Its promises have been opener up to congress and to the public with all frankness. It lies within the province of the congress to determine an equitable and economically sound policy which will remedy existing evils and make Impossible a recurrence of conditions which hav« demoralized the Federal Reclamation Service. Professor Chaddock points out that optimists rely on science to offset the scarcity of land and to take care sis growing numbers. But the benefits of mechanical invention in agriculture, be holds, have Resulted largely because there existed large areas of sparsely settled or unused land which could be developed by extensive methods, with low man power and the aid of machines. The situation is very different when population has grown more dense and Intensive methods are necessary to produce a larger yield per acre. It Is too much to expect science to maintain the pace already set. Doubtless Professor Chadwick speaks with authority. But what will be the effect of such a gigantic project as the proposed utilization of the Colorado river? The Colorado river la one of the great natural resources of the United States. It Is 1,700 miles long, rises tn Colorado, flows through Colorado, Utah. Arizona, forms for a considerable distance the border between California and Nevada and Arizona, and continues through Mexico, emptying Into the Gulf of California. The territory to which its forces may be applied includes an area larger than many nations. Four Important problems present themselves In connection with the development of the river. They comprise the prevention of floods, utilization of the waters for irrigation purposes, production of electric energy, and water for domestic use for southwestern municipalities. On the Colorado river basin more than a million dollars has been expended In its investigation by the various departments of the government. No less than 55 measures hare been introduced in congress providing for various phases of Its development. It has been under consideration by practically every congress for the lartt si-: decad-s. ’ Among the proposals for the river’s development la the construction of an immense dam at Boulder canyon This project Is of such magnitude as to challenge the country’s ablest engineers. The proposed Boulder dam will be the largest engineering structure of its kind ever attempted, the maximum development being planned to raise the water surface 606 feet. The reservoir formed will be 120 miles long. The total eost Is estimated at $200,000,000. Another phase of the development to the compact that has been formulated between the states of Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and California. Intended to regulate, control, and protect the rights of the several states. Including Arizona, to the distribution and use of the water* of the Colorado river and Its tributaries for domestic and agricultural purposes. This pact ha* not yet been approved by Arizona, although the legislature* ot the other state* bare ratified ft- • The foregoing of course merely scratches the surface of the subject. There are cooperative marketing by farmers; our forestry problem; the development of waterways, the conservation of natural resources of various kinds—all questions bearing directly or indirectly npon oar future population and Its food supply. It looks as If the coming generations, whatever we do in an endeavor to take Time by the forelock, will hare their owp trouble*.

Inches to two feet long and one-half to two inches wide, suspended by one end to a cord, the latter often being provided with a wooden handle. The bullroarer, which Is often painted with symbolic designs, is whirled <apMly with uniform motion about the i head, and the pulsation of the air against the slat gives a characteristic whizzing or roaring sound. I When a barber has occasion to fiat I ter a bald-headed man he ask* him if I he doesn’t want a hatecat I

BELTS OF GAY KID ARE POPULAR;. SPRING WASH GOODS NOW ON VIEW

TO MOTHERS who Heel the urge of t spring sewing comes the message ' of plaids, both lightweight woolen and j gingham, for little girls’ dresses —and , a third fabric is added, namely plaid- j ed taffeta. Here is a further word \ of advice: be sure to look into the matter of gay colored leather belts, for little daughter will be sure to insist on having her pretty plaid frock belted just to keep up with the vogue. Jt matters not if the dress be made in straightline one-piece effect, as the picture shows, or in jumper and skirt, i be sure not to omit the leather belt, else little daughter may ask the

I V_ • m |gBX \• nf Z m|| \y I* '-J | W- ■ 4 SW r W / 0 4Mb H KluwAtf wHa H- 4» $ -Sr ’ t Ms I Plaid Frock for Spring.

son why, for most of her school companions are sure to smilingly display a cunning belt of some sort this season. ‘ Fine woolen plaid was the chosen medium sor 7 the fashionable frock here pictured. .This same model could be effectively reproduced in French gingham. That is such a pretty idea of using a solid color for- the revers, the ▼estee, cuffs and pocket finishings. This model could be exquisitely copied in plaid taffeta and at this time of the year remnants are picked up at enticing reductions. The little highland lassie in the picture Is thrice blest, in that her frock is plaid, boasts a sure-enough leather belt with a big square buckle, and crowning joy of all, the socks are •triped in accord with fashion’s latest adlct For arhool wear later on plaid ging-

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aam jumper frock* will be quite the thing. There are *o easily made at btane, and the ginghams now on display are so very attractive. Why not make two Mouses to the one plaited skirt? Sleeves and collars soli so easily and economy suggests several waists as a simple solving of the probtom. Stripes are also greatly featured this reason. One can buy nowadays such clever striped sateen or cotton broadcloth. The striped blouse with skirt in solid color bespeaks a favored mode.

Chamois Lined Chamois leather has not lost Its appeal as a hand covering with the coming of winter. One of the newest winter glove models is made of soft mocha leather and lined with chamois. I This, ft Is claimed, gives warmth wlth- : out the bulkiness of a fur or woolen | fining. 1 The Oxford Returns , | After a long period of retirement | toe oxltord again is taking its place •*» ' • ■ v« • s

Seems as If the advance display* of spring wash goods were never m alluring. Such lovely cotton reps, broadcloths and imported sateens I Washable crepes there are by the score, also cotton and rayon mixtures, the newest among which is tub-rayon alpaca. To the aspiring home dressmaker they surely must whisper in unmistakable accents, “Do it now.” And why not? Later the great outdoors will be calling to golf, tennis and springtime strolls. The frock in the picture Is a trus exponent of a sweet simplicity frock, such as can so successfully be mads

at home, in choosing materials foi hoipe dressmaking let thoughts ol pastel colorings guide you. Pastel blendings wih especially find expression, In such ways, for Instance, aa bordering or piping a lively tone with another complementary shade. For the pretty dress here illustrated old rose cotton broadcloth is suggested, using buttons of lavender tinted pearl, matching It with wee velvet ribbon. Pretty pastel harmonies are accomplished by using wide bordertngs of a different shade. There is also every indication that we are also to enjoy a season of bordered patterns. Initial showings of spring cottons stress fas cinating 54-inch bordered voiles. There is economy in the use of these wide materials, and patterns are available which call for the manipulation of the fabric without underarm seams. Cottons for the Southland include

rayoa mixed crepes with border blocked in tapestry effect carried ow in light and deeper pastel tones. Hiindbiocked linen showing colorful Chinese patterning Is among the se*son’s novelties. It Is skid that considerable lace will be used on simple daytime wash dresses. The ochre tinted lace is most popular. Girlish collars and deep cuffs, together with jabots of ochre lace, are rendered even a greater attractiveness by the addition of tiny ribbon bowa and ties. ‘ JULIA MDTTOMLEY. <e br Western Newspaper Union.)

among the modish shoe styles. Th* new models are entirely plain In cut, with rather high heels and round, stubby toes. They are developed In both kid and suede leathers, but for street wear dark tan calf «r black patent leather Is proper. Pastel-Colored Pumps For afternoon wear pumps of co* ored doeskin in pastel colors that qxaci’y match the costume with which they are worn are most appropriate. ? . ' '

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