The Syracuse Journal, Volume 18, Number 12, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 23 July 1925 — Page 6

THREE HISTORIC ROAOS w / W; >aA < mt— ■■■ 1 ~iH WG??J!r . ’ ** ,,<5 *‘ ■• \ w ». v'.-ftjffL "*?r : FJf?Wro&;* ! iX - J* A-." ■*> *- *v~ Xp.>4 1 . s*~, .Htt ■ ULr /BWJHI ''* '* j, j ’’ x . .' *' •:'- ' fv> '- ‘ it* i n-1 ... . ': ■.. ."'•• --. • ( .~. A ; '■; TO dAJVTA |

OF AATriAIT' janta &,Qw.sm and Mormon Tails Public Eye * By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN IE Sixty-eighth congress by attempting to enact legislation designating the Oregon Trail has * tlrr «<i UP tM liveliest sort of hiaHv torical controversy in the Northwest —from St. Louis west to ’ a- j/ Sen Francisco and north to the 4^?J line. This designation Tl R would in” effect l>e a declaration by the United States government 'W ik tliat the t)r '* gon Trail has a nart&9CfXm 1 tlonal Importance beyond that of ** the Santa Fe Trail, the Mormon Trail, the Overlaid Trail or any other historic trail, to say nothing of modern roads like the Lincoln Highway. And the controversy has developed all sorts of complications. States want to know what authority congress has to change the designation of roads already named by them. City la fighting city for place on the Oregon from sentiment and from desire for finVnal advantage. There are many disputes as to historical facts; the source books of western history seem to contradict one another tn many cases and the oldest of the old-timers are by the ears. And. of course. Trail I* fighting Trail, with all the others .more or less combined against the Oregon Trail. Congress seems to have beeg a bit Indifferent as to historical accuracy, so long as a “federal-aid highway” was selected. Naturally, thia does not give universal satisfaction. Utah, for example, does npt want to have Its Mormon Trail wiped out. The Overland Trail has its champions among descendants of the Forty-niners. And the contributors of many millions to the building and maintenance of the Lincoln Highway as a memorial to Abraham Lincoln strenuously object, to the loss of hundreds of miles of improved and marked roadway The Santa Fe Trail, oldest of them all. has a place tn the controversy because It is the Parent Trail from Kansas City to Gardner. Kan. Incidentally. It' comes to public attention on Its own accounf through (lie fact that Council Grove. Kan., la to celebrate ita centennial August 10. A hundred annual ring* have swelled the girth of the sturdy Council Oak. patriarch of Council Grove, •Ince the council under its shade secured peaceful passage from the Pawnees and the Osages—but not the Comancbeo—-for the pale face eager to trade with the Sjxniards at Santa Fe. The senate passed a bill (S. 2053) designating the Oregon Trail, after several rttles in Idaho. Oregon nnd Washington had been added by amendmeats in committee Itraras introdftcel by Senator McNary, has no preamble and must have been curelesaly drawn, since “Laramie" la designated Instead of “Fort Laramie." evidently with the idea that they are the same place. In the bouse Representative Addison T. Smith of Idaho Introduced a bill (H. R. 0494). Later he introduced joint resolution 232 and still later Joint resolution 325. which contains additional cities. The full text of Joint resolution 328 follows: ‘ Whsreas ths Old oregon Trail, which originated st Missouri River points and traversed half a continent and was the .route over which the "irat migration" of covered wagons and ox teams went in I|U and saved the Oregon country to the United States, and over which for many years the home•ooken sad empire builders went In great numbers and made a groat producing territory out of what was formerly a wllderaeoa; and , Whereas the Oregon country at that time consisted of all that territory between the summit of the Rocky Mountains and ths shores of the Pacific □c„ean and between the California and Canadian borders, and was bald under a joint sovereignty of England and the United States, and whose fate for all time was settled by the migration of I*4l when approximately one thousand American men •nd women faced the perils of the desert and the wl Idem ess to carve out new homes In the Oregon •ountry and make it American territory; and Whereas thousands perished by the way and were burled In shallow graves by the old trail; and Whereas the United States has sat aside as national monuments many battlefields and .other historic spots in this country; and Whereas the old Oregon Trail was mor* than a battlefield and offered a greater challenge to courage. for along its dusty rourae of two thousand miles American clUsons dally faced death without tbe panoply of war. the beating of drums, or the Aying of flags, and eared a vast empire to the United Statee; and Whereas this service has long been neglected •nd the youth of our land have not learned of the heroic Mlf-sacrifice of those Intrepid pioneers who gid oo much for America; and Whereas in order that thia, the “world's most aistorlc highway" may be perpetuated la history . and its traditions be kept alive for all time, and la order to ebow to the world that the American people are not unmindful of the eacridees of our Mtlaeas and do recognise valorous deeds; Therefore bo it

Skeletons of the Red Men in Thousands

■ A historical society from Washington. in looking over the places of hl*forical Interest through New Hamp■biro, visited Inman Mound term, •wnefi by Periey Nichol*. which 1* located on th* want side of Laks Oartp«e and south of LovelF* river. On thin tens, which ha* nearly a level jdateau of shorn two acre* te extent where several families of the Sokokis .9'9 to* *A . MsLOSlaara &*« -W *tVMri * -amt*. ■ „'■ t ~ *- . ■«!&£ --yB

201 1 i 4 I > 1 lAAwle ffiMHb, - Resolved by the,- Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America tn Congress assembled. That the highway extending from Independence, Mo., and from Council Bluffs. lowa, to Seaside, Ore., and to Olympia, Wash., through the States of Missouri.'Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming. Idaho. Oregon apd Washington, and variously known as the Overland Trail, the Mormon Road, the Emigrant Road, and the Oregon Trail, and coinciding as near as may be with the system of federal-aid highways through said states, shall hereafter b| known as the old Oregon Trail. Section 2. That the road herein designated as the Old Oregon Trail shall follow, as closely as economic and topographic condition* will permit, the route traveled by the pioneers tn their journey* westward to the Oregon country over said trail, and shall extend through Kansas City, In the State of Missouri; Kansas City. Gardner. Lawrence. Topeka. Rossville. Louisville and Frankfort, in the State of Kansas; thence through Uairbury, Hebron, Grand Island, connecting with the road from Council Bluffs through Omaha. Fremont and Columbus, and thence through Kearney. North Platte, Lewellen. Bayard and Scottsbluff, in the State of Nebraska, gtience through Torrington. Fort Laramie. Douglas. Casper, Alcova. Muddy Gap. Eden. Granger. Kemmerer and Cokeville, tn the State of Wyoming; thence through Montpelier, Soda Springs, Pocatello. American Falla. Burtey. Twin Falls. Buhl. Glenns Ferry. Mountain Home. Boise, Nampa, Caldwell, thence MS a divided trail via Payetta. Idaho; and via Parma. Idaho, and Ontario. Ore., to Weiser. In the State of Idaho; thence through Huntington. Baker. La Grange. Pendleton. Umatilla and along the Columbia River through The Dalles. Hood River, Portland. Astoria and Seaside, in the State of Oregon: thence through Vancouver and on to Olympia, in the State of Washington. The hearings by the house committee on roads oo these senate and house documents were lively affaira No lees than fourteen representatives made arguments pro and con—and the end is not yet. The mandatory language of the act ami the Joint resolution raised the question: Is congress trying to remake history? The attitude of the pros was shown to be substantially this: They do not wish to belittle the historical importance of any other Trail, but they claim an Imperishable name for the Oregon Trail because it and its pioneers gave the nation Oregon. Washington. Idaho and parts of Wyoming and Montana. Therefore they think that the Oregon Trail in relation to our national growth stands separate and apart from all other Trails and that It has peculiar sentimental and historical significance entitling H to siuTial rerogn It lon by congress Suppose the Oregon Trail aa designated is historically ln<'orrect in places, as was shown by the eons. WhaLof it? ask the pros. Representative Elmer O. Leatherwood" of Utah fibewed that the Mormon Trail In Nebraska was on the north side of the North Platte and the Oregon Trail on the south aide of that river. Yet the designation proposed would put the Oregon Trail on the north side and wipe out a long stretch of the Mormon Trail. Mr. Leatherwood Is not a Mormon—his great grandfather Leatherwood traveled the Wilderness Road hard on Daniel Boone's foot steps; be himself was born in Ohio and was educated at lhe University of Wisconsin and went to Salt Lake Cll>_, in 1801 to practice law. All Utah, you see. has a sentimentaf interest lu. the Morman Trail and Its pioneers who made a stat* out of a desert. Incidentally Mr. Leatherwood introduced s map prepared by the office of the Mormon Church and io connection with it a portlon <rf the “Historical Record. Vol. LX” (1880)—a document not readily accessible to hiotcriana. This contained, among other things, a diary setting forth In detail the movements day by day of the Mormon Expedition of 1847 under Brigham Young which founded Salt Lake City. More i>ower to the controversy. Long may it rage, to the increase of interest among the people In the fascinating history of the Weft and the establishment of Ito bimory on incontrovertible fact. For it opens up the whole history of the tranaMlssissippi territory, which Is closely linked by chain of cause and effect. Here is a helpful chronology: j, I*4l—Coronado begins axploratton of American Soathweat for Spanish; l*M. Onats founds Santa

burial mound, 75 feet long. 90 feet wide and airaat 25 test high, was discovered soon after tbs Revolution. * This mound, which i* located wpnw a beautiful intervale, is filled with the skeletons of thousands of Indian* enttgnbed in a sirring posture and circle*. which were added, "Q* aft*** an-|

when another tier was begun above them. This mound is estimated to contain ho lees than 8,000 or 10.000 skeletons, which would seem to testify of a numerous or a tong-established race A that locality. Gasrtn /®v Jounnti Fotttbt Brery year In th* United States J ttAusands of goats, specially raised on I the term* th the South, are hoaght up and sold for shipment to large Jewish I center* all over ths country. Th*

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL*

Fe; 17*1. secret cession by France to Spain of trans-Misslsslppi territory; 17**, discovery of San Fraitcisco Bay and settlement of California coast by Spanish at San Diego. 1579—Drake claims Pacific coast for England; 1778. Cook reaffirms claim; I*7o. England charters Hudson's BaV company; 1783, North West company organised by Scotch fur-traders of Montreal; 1821, merger of H. B. C. and Northwesters. 1882—LaSalle claims Mississippi Valley for France; 1740, Canada passes to English; 17*8, French found St. Louis; 1800, Spain cedes Louis- j iana Territory to France. 1728—Russians discover Behring Strait; 1810, j Russian operations extend south to San Francisco ; Bay. 1775—American Revolution begins; 1778, Clark i captures Northwest Territory; 1788, peace fixes i Mississippi as western boundary of American . Colonies. 1792—Capt. Robert Gray of Boston discovers and ; names Columbia River; 1803. Louisiana Purchase , from Frances 1804-05, Lewis and Clark expedition and beginning of American fur trade; 1806. Pike explores Texas region. 1808 —Astor forms American Fur company; 1811, foundy Astoria by sea and expedition under Hunt goes overland. 1812—War with England; 1818. Astoria treacherously sold to North West company; 1815, Battle of New Orleans balk* attempt of British to capture Mississippi Valley; 1818. America and Great Britain agree to joint occupancy of Oregon Territory; 1823, Monroe promulgates Monros Doctrine dealing with relations in Oregon Territory of Americans. British and Russians. 1821—Santa Fe Trail open* trade with Mexico, which has won its independence. 1829 —First agricultural settlement at Astoria: ' 1824-16, Methodist, Presbyterian and Roman Catholic missions founded in Oregon Territory by Lee, Whitman and De Smet; 1842. midwinter ride of Whitman to Washington, D. C.; 1841, migration sets In over Oregon Trail, Fort Bridger established as first "hotel"; Oregon Americans outvote Britishers and adopt provisional government; ’ 184*. "Fifty-four-forty or Fight" victorious sk'gan la presidential election of Polk over Clay; 184*. Oregon treaty fixes north line at 49th parallel; Oregon made territory in 1848 and state in 1859; 1852-SS. great migration to Oregon. 1846—Texas admitted to Union: 1846. war with Mexico and occupation of New Mexico and California; 1*49, discovery of gold in California, state admitted to Union in 1*50: 1859. overland stage line: 1860, pony express; 1869. transcontinental railroad completed. , 1846—Mormons leave Illinois for Nebraska: 1847, Brigham Young founds Sait Lake City; 1896, Utah admitted to Union. * The beginning of the winning bf the West j* Clark's conquest of the Northwest Territory In the Revolution. For that gave the Colonies tbt Mississippi as their western boundary. That io turn brought about the Louisiana Purchase. Id tbe spring of 18D4 from the American side of the Mississippi Lewis and Clark watched tbe red and yellow of Spain come down tn St. Louis: the tri color of France go up and come down and th* S red. white and blue of America go up to stay Instantly ihey were off for the Pacific to see what we had bought. Two years later they returned as it fromffhe dead. Thereupon began the forty years of the American Fur Trade which explored th* West and made inevitable the inarch of the Amer lean people across the continent. And from where Old Glory went up to stay tht American pioneers went forth by various Trail? for various purposes. Tbe Santa Fe Trail was for trade with the Spaniard. The Oregon Trail was worn by a migration of homeseekers. The Mormon Trail ended In an asylum from persecu tion—because of religion, "from one viewpoint; from another, because of “alien and inimica.' solidarity." Consider the consequences of the Santa F* Trail. It led to the acquisition of Texas, the Mexican War and the occupation of California. Tht discovery of gold started the rush of the Forty niners over the Overland Trail, wilh Salt loUt* City as the half-way place. It made California a nate over night Followed |he Overland Coach, the Pony Express and the giving of the Golden Spike when tbe railroads met at Ogden. Today the American people are awheel on automobile highways where once ran these Wlldernest Trails. Every historic spot should be marked Nation, state and city should vie in setting uj memorials lo tbe trappers, traders, prospectors explorers and pioneers who gave us this prieelem heritage.

"— * goats* meat ta used in the Jewish feasting festival after the Passover. Front the country around Thomasville, Ga. alone a shipment of 1.000 head of goatt was madshtp for distribution along ths North Atlantic coast. S* IFeKMpGotR* Beery time we feel. ittre. resting up on the Use-road we discover that there's another river to croai and atv w vR.-yffwiL an i.m rsvvs w atAWw ra**a* •*>■ ■SMshtora St. Bl Jan jrtmiLki *m*A vJS fl? fcAI-s*®. LO SZSaHiD »• gs ViSs-H H l/wUr civßT frit** Him Jp»whmWfr4< T raraA, AtMt C k .rywa-—■

I FEATURE DEPAMT] e Section devoted to Attractive Magazine Material

SOMETHING TO THINK 'ABOUT F. A. WALKER

LOVW AND SACRIFICE TF YOU exhibit a continuous willingness to love and sacrifice when all humans about you seem resentful and unappreciative, you Jrnve within your soul the essence of true nobility. In wars between nations, in domestic turmoils, in the breaking of home ties. In the struggles for existence. love and sacrifice ultimately become the final arbiters. What more beautiful than the love and sacrifice of a mother, who regardless of the undutifulness and snubs of her children keeps on loving and making sacrifices for their comfort and advancement, still smiling complacently while in ber breast she is carrying a burden causing aches and pains from which she would gladly be relieved, but refuses to be, because of her spiritual nobility and simple faith. The world is full of such love and sacrifice, perhaps saving it and its peoples from divine wrath, but certainly making it better in manifold ways which we do not in our blindness and apathy perceive or consider. When trtl men say "impossible,’’ when the waters are snarling and the storms are beating against a wanton boy or girl, love and sacrifice stoop down and rescue him or her from peril. IPtiO SAID “Methods are the master of masters” THE man who uttered these words owed his success in life to his methodical way of doing things. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Peri-gord—better known as Talleyrand—was a man of methods and a man who so thoroughly studied .the problems that presented themselves before him for solution that he became one of the leading statesmen in the France of his day. He was born in Paris, February 13, 1754, and died there May 17, 1838. In the year 1792 Talleyrand was sent to London on a diplomatic mission. While, t|iere his enemies at home brought charges against him of being involved in royalist intrigues and be was proscribed. In 1794—he had remained in England because of the proscription awaiting him in France— England passed the famous alien act •nd Talleyrand was forced to seek •syium in America. After two years spent in the new republic. Talleyrand returned to France. On his return to his native land ne was appointed minister of foreign affairs. but being suspected of being in communication with the agents of Louis XVIII he was forced to resign in 1799. Talleyrand was one of the first to recognize in Napoleon Bonaparte one t>f» the great leaders of Ihe time, and from this time forward for some years he devoted himself untiringly to the servtde of the "Little Corporal." In'Tßo7, following the peace of TU•it. a coolness arose between Talleyrand and the emperor and tn the following gear Talleyrand secretly joined A royalist committee. The year 1814 raw him active in procuring tbe abdication of Napoleon and working to place LoQte XVIII again on the throne. After holding numerous positions un-

your Last Name

IS IT BYRD? BTRD differs not at all from Bird in the matter of derivation and the matter is usually settled by saying that the' name is from the commonly accepted meaning of bird, and was probably first used as a surname as a nickname. The original bearers of the name, in other words, doubtless possessed some birdlike qualities that made the name seem appropriate. But there really seems to be more to it than this. In early times, byrd or bird meant only a young bird, while fowl was the word used for birds In general. In the Bible fowl is used In this way, as “the fowls of the air." Later for a time bird was used to indicate the young of other living things and sometimes meant children. In this country the name Byrd has especial significance because It was Ijorne by the founder of Richmond Va. This was William Byrd who was born in western Virginia in 1874. Hi* father wa* William Byrd, the colonist, who had come to Virginia a few months before* the birth of his son and namesake. William Byrd, second, was a man of groat benevol&ce and showed th* greatest klndnea* to the colonists who settled on hi* land. At one time bareceived 900 destitute French Huguenot* on his place and made it possible for them to establish thamsaiv** in their new home. William Byrd wa* * man of literary taste and had a library of BJSOO volumes, which was tbs wuB&D wixe was a daughter of Col. Dan Parke, an aide

There is no depth to which love and sacrifice will not descend; no height to which they will not scale to accomplish their object. We may turn in lofty disdain from tbe little old woman with dimmed eyes, gparied fingers and a limp In her walk, but if we could look into her heart and see its every recess the symbol of love and sacrifice, we might realize that we have snubbed an angel. Every first of January we open a new book with high resolves. On the first page there are profuse promises of love and sacrifice, then follow a few blushing leaves containing, hasty scrawls; with the rest of the volume a blank. We forget our vows ere January is done, just as we forget to pay homage to the little old woman with the dimmed eyes and gnarled fingers, who never fails from the beginning of the year to the end to remember love and sacrifice, when she may be counted upon faithfully to do until the end of her days. <© by McClurs Newspaper Syndicate.)

A | SCHOOL DAqS A Bi>wy y ;■ aker / i U iue xX jg h m! 'Til \IV Ik Xi i I A AAI y Gow. «o*«I / \/1 B L 1/ I I VI I ra w wjcovard'. io i I I>lOJ Vt.W ft •. Convriaht

der the government, he ,retired in 1834 and died in 1838 in private life.— Wayne D. McMurray. - (© by George Matthew Adams.) o- e. I■■ ■ - — r I\pTABLES NICHOLAS BIDDLE NICHOLAS BIDDLE was born September 10. 1750. with a taste for adventure. So when he was fourteen. he ran away from his home in Philadelphia, where he was born, and. as the expression goes, “went to sea." He soon got plenty of adventure. He sailed to Quebec, then to tbe

and sent as a messenger to Queen Anne to bear the tidings of the victory of Blenheim. By this wife William Byrd had two daughters, and by his second wife, Marion, daughter', of Thoma* Taylor, be had a son. known a* Col. William Byrd, from whom all of the name and family are descended. <ft by McClure Newspaper Syndicate.) o rfoWSS&Book 11 The turnpike road to people** hjftt* I And Ues through their moUtha, or.l mistake mankind. SUMMER DURING the warm weather cool, sparkling drinks are always welcome. * Grape Granite. Put a pound of sugar into a pint of water, boil for five minutes. Take from the fire, add th* juice of a lemon and ac orange. When cool add a pint of grape juice and shaved ice to chill • Indiana Punch. Boil a pound of sugar, a quart of water and the grated rind of a lemon for five minute*; strain, add a teaspoonful of bitter almond extract, the juice of thro* lemon*, a traspoonfn l of vanilla and two cupfuls of strong tea. When very cold add ice and a pint of effervescent water. .

HOW IT WAS DECIDED By DOUGLAS MALLOCH

UkAD meant him for a merchant, and a his brother for a bank; Sliter thought that acting f-as the very thing for Hank. Grandma thought that preaching wae the thing he should be at. And all the while insisted that she meant tbe boy for that. Mother—well, a lawyer mother meant her boy to be. • | Granddad was a sailor, so he meant him for the sea. Some pulled for the ocean, some pulled* for the shore— There were so many matters that somany meant him for. Now, of all his mentors- only of course, could win. Maybe you may Wonder whom he followed of his kin? f .Well, he met a maiden, as will frequently occur. And the maid at once decided that thfo boy was meant for her. <© by McClure-Newspaper Syndicate.)

West Indies, where the i»hip wae wrecked, and those of the prew jj ho= survived, were cast ashore ofc a desert island. As there was only |one small life boat, they cast lots 1 to| see who should stay and drown or who should leave the ship. After some two months, the men were rescued and’ Biddle’s wealthy family secured him an appointment in the British navy. He was twenty, then, and is he wg* considered too young to be allowed tc accompany Musgrave on ;an arctic cruise, he deserted and shipped withthe explorer as a common seaman, anti went. Nelson, later to become th* world famous admiral, was his mesa mate. When the War of Independence broke out, Biddle came honle to enlist and sboyred such ability tnaf he wa* given charge of ships that went out> and captured enemy vessels, bringin* supplies for tbeir troops. He was th* naval hero of the country. Then on< day he got Into a fight with an enemy ship and was wounded: Ignoring hit hurt, he ordered an armchair and. supported on it. continued to direct the battle. His ship blew up and- hr perished along with the whole crew, a mere lad of twenty-seveh. Yet he had accomplished more thain most olil men. during his brief lifetime. (© by Gsora* Matthew Adams.)

The young ladx ACROSS THE WAY [ =s3IMMENI — 1 w WS i /I The young lady across the way «ay*> nothing is more pitiful than * MM* child whom tether and mother are both dead and to be an orphan wttbone parent j* bad