The Syracuse Journal, Volume 18, Number 11, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 16 July 1925 — Page 7

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The American Farm On the Junk Heap By FRANK O. LOWDEN UH Agriculture Is decaying. Farm { Q bankruptcies in recent years have inpL’. ■ creased more than UOO per cent. AcB cording to the Department of Agriculture, the average fanner could have obtained a larger income since 1920 if he had hired himself out aa |gi'. JtA a farmhand. In considerable portions J ! of the agricultural area fanns cannot be sold for the value of the Unprovemenu* alone. Farm improvement everywhere has practically ceased. And though the attendance in other courses to our universities ami colleges has largely increased •Ince the war. the number of students In agricultural courses has decreased about a third. Abandoned farms, which in the New England states excited so much comment a few years ago, are now found in considerable and Increasing number in every state of the Union. And yet despite these facts, which are gathered from the records. there has been a persistent effort during ail these years of farm distress to minimise the seriousness of the agricultural situation. Interviews from prominent financiers, articles In magazines—one going so far, 1 recall, as to characterize the agricultural depression a mythhave appeared with astonishing regularity during a'.l this time, denying that there has been a serious situation upon the farm, or announcing confidently that the farmer’s troubles were over and that the future was assured. Whatever may be the popular opinion in the cities upon the subject, the ablest farm economists generally agree that the farm situation is desperate. This they think grows out of the great disparity between the prices of the things the farmer has to sell and the prices of the things be has to buy. They can see no permanent relief until this disparity is removed. They think that It may take from fifteen to twenty years to effect thia adjustment if nothing is consciously done to help the situation. They expect thia to be brought •bout by the natural increase in our population and by the running down of the great farm plant of America. At the end of that time they tell ua there will be another maladjustment of prices, but this time In favor of the farmer, with a great and unwholesome increase to the cost of living to the so-called consuming classes, with its attendant distress. A few months ago the Department of Agriculture issued its statement of the estimated value of farm crops for the last year. This was heralded as another proof that agriculture had come into its own. For it found that the total value of the farm - crops for the year was three-quarters of a billion dollars in excess of the value of the crops of the year before. This, of course, was welcome news. The report, however, disclosed some very perplexing facts. To illustrate, the corn crop was about 20 per cent smaller than the crop of the preceding year. The total value, however, exceeded that of the preceding crop by almost $200,000,000. And every one knows that the quality of this year’s crop was far below the quality of the preceding crop. And yet. under a marketing system which it is claimed is one of the most noteworthy achievements of this commercial age. the smaller crop of Inferior corn was worth more in the market than the large and superior crop of the year before. The cause of this lesser and inferior crop waa a cold, wet summer. It was a summer disastrous for corn, but very favorable to the growth of grasses tn meadow and pasture. There was, therefore, an Increase in the. production of milk, with the result that something like 100.000.000 pounds more of butter was produced to 1924 than , In the year before. This was but about 5 per cent of the total annual production of butter in the United States. It created a surplus, however, on account of increased domestic consumption of only about 50,000.000 pounds. or’2H per cent, as compared with the surplus of the year before. This relatively small increase, due to the same wet days and cold nights which so seriously injured the corn crop, resulted tn a decrease of the price of butter from 20 to 25 per cent. Now suppose that the cora\growers and milk producers had been completely organized during these years, do you believe that this depressing and puzzling condition would have come about? J» *• «sr* ro «av that the larger part of ths

Scotch Terrier Has Won Fame as Fighter

The Scotty is a terrier. The word •terrier" la from the French “terre." and from the Latin •terra.’* A terrier thus is an “earth" dog, writes Albert Payson Terhune tn Nature Vegashte. In other words, he la built to dig into the earth with his stubby paws and to penetrate the under* ground lair erf bls prey. Into the stony earth of ths wfflest and fiercest ft® the Scotty c« force

bumper corn crop of 1923 was sold at a price which did not cover the cost of production. If corn growers had been organized and found that the market would not receive their corn at what it cost them to produce it they would not have dumped the larger part of the crop upon the market in a few brief months. They would have sold sparingly. They would have stored the remainder, knowing full well that seasons of bountiful production are always followed by seasons of low production. and that at no distant day they would receive a profitable price for their corn. As it was. oqly a few of the corn farmers were able to hold tlojir corn for the higher prices which they had rightly anticipated and which were later received. Os course, even if organized, they could not have expected to receive as much per bushel for a 3.000,(W.OOO-bushel crop as for a 2,400.000.000bushei crop. They would doubtless have asked a somewhat smaller price, but they certainly would have asked a price—and have received it—which would have made the 3.000,000,000 bushels of corn worth more to them than the very next year 2.400,000.000 bushels of poor corn actually brought in the market. In other words, the corn farmers. If organized, would have adjusted the supply to the actual demand. And they would have made this adjustment before the price became demoralized. In fact, the adjustment was ’ made later, but only after the great bulk of the crop had left the farmers’ hands. It cannot too often be stated that the supply of any commodity which affects the price is not the entire stock of the commodity In existence, but only that portion of it which Is offered for sale at a given price. And so, if the dairy farmers had some way by which thev could have taken last year the Incubus Os 50.900.000. or at the outside 100.000.000. pounds of butter off the market, it Is almost certain, to the opinion of experts, that this depression In the great dairydndustry would not have occurred. If, tn other words, this added 50.000.000—0 r. if you please, 100.000.000 —pounds of butter had been purchased at a cost, say, of $50.000,000 and stored by the farmers themselves, awaiting a season of less luscious grasses, the dairy farmers of America would have received as a return upon their large investment and their labors many million dollars more than they actually did receive. And so I say this report from the Department of Agriculture discloses very perplexing facts. Now. I produce both corn and milk upon my farm. I feed the larger P Brt my corn tn the form of silage to my cows. I sell It. therefore. In the form of milk. I receive considerably less fnr ft than I did a year ago. And’so these glowing figures of the Increased value of the corn crop over which the financial writers of the great metropolitan dallies gloat do not comfort me much. I am indeed puzzled to know what to da I have been taught that to produce 80 bushels of corn to the acre is a finer achievement than to produce 45., I . like to see the milk pall brimming full with sweet, pure milk. But when I see 45 bushels of corn worth more than 60 bushels of corn, and when I see the milk pail but two-thirds full worth more than the brimming pall of another year. I become confused and hardly know what to do. Last summer the cotton crop, particularly tn the Southwest, was suffering severely for lack of rain. And then one day the heavens opened and the rains descended. As a result, the government, which before had estimated the crop at 12.400.000 bales. Increased the estimate to 13.080,000 bales. This was an increase of leas than 5 per eent In the yield, and yet, because of this estimated Increase, the price declined in the market 20 per cent. This meant that the total crop of the larger estimate wak worth less in the market by $300,000,000 than the crop by the lesser estimate. And yet at that very time the world needed cotton as it had not needed It before since the Civil war. And this paradox was the result of a timely rain. Now. there is no music sweeter to my ears than the patter of raindrops upon the roof breaking a drought In the summer time, and yet. to save my life. I cannot tell whether that rain Is a sweet and fragrant bearer of a benefit—or bankruptcy. When the hot summer winds scorch the fields. I do not know whether to pray for rain or to thank the Almighty for the unbroken drought. Something Is wrong with our methods of marketing when the aggregate money value of a larger crop of a prime necessity is smaller than the value of a smaller crop. There are untold thousands of men and women and children who need more‘cotton to clothe them than Is produced in the world today. To say, therefore, that 12.400000 bales of cotton are worth more than 13.000.000 bales is to coodemn '• system of marketing which so meu ores value

his way, there to attack and kill and drag forth the den’s lurking occupant No collies or other large dog ran do that. Yes, and whatever the odds agatnst him, the Scotty will plunge raceriy into the hole of badger, otter or foxl Down there he may well tore he wfil lore it fighting with every atom of fight that is to him.

yowling. He will come out dragging his prey, or rise he will never come out alive. He Is 100 per cent a hero. Like the collie and like many another grand importation, the Scotty halls from the Highlands. There, for centuries, he has been known and honored. Yet up to about 1880 be does not seem to have carried his fame beyond northern Scotland. By the way. his pet name among his ancestral moors was the "die-hard” tarrier. He earned the title If over mtewNreimA.

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL,

Our agricultural colleges and our Department oi Agriculture have constantly urged larger pro<Tuc tion. They have assumed, and naturally I think that the more wheat and corn we false the fewer hungry mouths there will he and that the more cotton we produce the fewer people will be obliged to go naked or but half clothed. For whatever economists may say as to surplus we know*thal there really has never been too much of food or too much of clothing for a needy world. And ol ; course It follows that the larger the productior per unit, the cheaper will the product be. But when large production is used to drive prices dowr so as to make large production less profitable that small production, large production will not con-’j tinue, and the world will therefore have to paj more for the necessaries of life. This therefore Ij. the consumer's problem as well as the producer s. It has been shown again and again that compe tition. when it goes to the extent of forcing prices below the cost of production. In the end is as dis astrons to the consumer as to the producer him self. The demoralization of an Industry which Inevitably follows results in an Increased cost ol production which the consumers finally must meet Organization Is a most powerful factor in hu man progress. The economist as long ago as Adam | Smith found in organization the key to industrial growth. Organization means the difference he- • tween the mob and a highly organized progressive society. In the modern world, the farmer alone has been ' the last to realize the value of organization for its own sake. And therefore ft happens that when th* farmers in any community organize for any pur pose, they soon find that there are other benefit} derived In addition to the one' that was their spe- : dal alm. A finer community life, a widening ol sympathies with their neighbors and associates, a broadening of their outlook upon the world, a new sense of the dignity and worth of their calltnc. an elevation of the ablest and Worthiest among them to places of leadership, are among the by-prod nets of Agriculture has emerged from its prlmltlv/ state. It must therefore conform to those practices which have been found necessary to the success of other great Industries. In all other fields of commerce, unrestricted, free and open competition In the marketing of products has been gradually disappearing. Agriculture, therefore, finds itself with Its mH Hons of members freely competing among them selves while It is obliged to sell Its products to a highly organized industrial and commercial world Now. if the farmers are to put themselves upon terms of equality with the great industries of the country they. too. must organize. It Is not des'.r able that they should Imitate the gre«£ Industries adopt the corporate form of organization and op erate their farms through corporate management. It would weaken our whole social structure fl our millions of farmers were to surrender their Indlvldualism to this way. Nor Is It necessary. While much Improved efficiency in production Is still poa ■ slble, the farmers have made and are making constant progress In this respect. The problems which press hardest upon him today are concerned with the marketing of his products at a price which will enable him to live and to go on producing. He must find some way to restore the proper relation ship between the prices he receives for his prod nets and the prices he pays for other commodl- . ties. Those who oppose the principle seem to think that to some sort of war the co-operative associations are seeking to avoid the operation of the law of supply and demand. Quite the reverse Is true. Those who advocate this form «*f marketing are seeking only to create conditions by which that taw will operate fully as between the seller and the buyer of farm products. At present it does not , Fanners’ co-operative marketing associations, however, are making real progress. Some have failed. Doubtless others still will fan. The mortality among them, however, has been no greater than among new business organizations of any other kind of which I know. We have been gathering • large fund of experience which «tll enable not only those already organized, but new ones yet to be. to avoid largely the errors of the past. They •re destined one day to occupy the entire field, for there is no other way oat. Just when that happy day shall come no man can tell. It depends largely upon the farmers themselves. This is not the problem of agriculture alone. It Is the problem of all. Because there can be no enduring prosperity unless all the principal Industries which go to make up the commercial world, keeping step with one another, shall march abreast - ■■ - .IS, ■! j

Not till Doctor Ewing of St Louis had the fonesight to go heavily into Scotty s breeding and form a local dub for j that purpose "did the tide of public favor* turn toward the game little blackish dog of Scotland. Since then he has won his way to nation-wide popularity. The first pair of Scotties were exhibited at an American dog show to 1883. / i Glass side curtains for automobile*; that ran be * Installed without teola j

OUR MAGAZINE m SECTION a* Interesting Featuresfor the Entire Family

SOMETHING TO THINK 1 ABOUT Sy F. A. WALKER

IN A NEW DOMAIN TXTHEN you are dejected and abad- * V owg darken your, spirit; when the sun has lost its cheer, and the beauty and the fragrance of the flowers are gone, it is time to look abou for a new domain. It is not so much a new physical domain that you need as a new mental domain, where thoughts are changed and joyous visions troop gaily by against unfamiliar background. The old notion that when one is tired out in body and brain, one needs to recuperate in strange lands, is taboo. To dismiss customary routine, vexing thoughts, is really the principal thing-to do When you can do this you will discover to your delight that your former energy responds to your call with an alacrity that is astonishing Rest does not consist of indolence. Idleness dulls the mind of customarily industrious men and women, and Induces another form of dissatisfaction and weariness which is frequently more exasperating and nerve-racking than Is mental or physical labor. You inay not be conscious of it, but when you realize that you are tired through and through, you are in a rut from which you must pull yourself out by your own exertion, aided by faith In your strength to do so. Change your diet, add an extra hour to your sleep before midnight, depart from customary amusements, pursue an entirely different course in reading, L & (7* T I\pTABLES JOSEPH LEIDY JOSEPH LEIDY was one of the foremost naturalists of America, the more remarkable because he was self taught. Practically every bit of his wonderful knowledge of plants and minerals and animals, he acquired himself without the aid of a teacher. He was bum September 9. 1823. in Philadelphia. It seems that be bad quite a talent for drawing and might, had he followed his first ambition, have become a well-known artist. At sixteen he left school and took a position as a drug clerk. While he was not waiting «n customers, he began studying botany and mineralogy and comparative biology and such things and learning so rapidly that he was admitted to 'it- • nlversby ' Pennsylvania and took his degree ss a medical doctor when he was only twenty-on®. he went abroad and came to notice, flrat, by his studies of terrestrial gasteropoids. which, translated into everyday language, is the form of animal life that crawls on Its stomach. He made some valuable additions to science by his work on fossil horses and was the only American author to work on extinct vertebrata. According to recent professors, bls

1 Hlotlier’s Coo c 800 c

It Is out of allene* that all the mar* veloue things of human action, all the splendid things of human courage, all the sublime offerings of faith, has sprung.—& J- Barrows. FOOD AND FEEDING THE children of the family being very Important members, should be thoughtfully fed. The English custom of having a table of their own. where they are not permitted any compromise between what they ought to have and what they want, is Ideal. The result Is sturdy, healthy youngsters. This system is followed In some measure here, but the most from necessity; others from indifference allow the children to eat at the family table, often having food that is extremely bad for them, because they cry for it For the sake of Immediate peace, they are indulged with a sacrifice of manners, morals and physique. The average mother cannot serve two sets of meals, so ft to necessary that for the good of the children sueh food as they may eat should be served. Fortunately the young child who has never been pampered will need but little variety to stimulate tlx. appetite. Taught early to like and eat all kinds of vegetables, the battle though fierce, will be short. Men and women are much mo.e healthy, easy to live with and pleasanter to entertain who have been trained in youth to like all kinds of good food. Mashed Potatoes With Peanut Butter. Mash, season and whip boiled potatoes until light and fluffy. Heap into a hot vetgetable dish and dot with spoonfuls of peanut butter which has been blended with dairy butter. When there is a little chicken left over, not enough to serve, put a layer of cooked macaroni Into a buttered dish, add a layer of the cooked chicken and a little cream or a thin white saoeat repeat, adding seasonings Deed-

seek out old friends whom you nave for some cause or another long neglected. take brisk walks In the open air, bathe in the sunshine, and in a short time you will be amazed at the improvement in both your bodily and mental prowess. You will find that the old sluggishness Lias been lost somewhere along the way, that your mentality is more alert, that there Is a new, zest in life, a stronger beat of the heart, two brighter eyes and two cheeks pf a rosier hue whose reflection tn the looking-glass is a delight to behold. And the most gratifying part of all may be the thought that you wrought the wonderful change by your own will without spending anything except your energy, needed the cbanges to stir it up and start-It going again at its customary gait. <© by McClure Newspaper Syndicate.) o Rea! Vicar of Bray The Vicar of Bray, of ballad fame, was the Rev. Symon Symonds, who four times changed his religious faith between 1633 and 1558. being Catholic under Henry VIII and Mary, and Protestant under Edward and Elizabeth.

| SCHOOL DAI]S | <Z 7\ — Z\\. i'll W \ \ \ W z 4 AIV pfet, 1 Rectors/ t NXIaO/O 1 -WAHTA rou. I AVICR. V4WIL6 I J Lg'Y \{X nMjfo bl MV VtoOP VOre-y I 7/ V IQjt, . tvsTER. AMoewoo “i ‘ jjflfeyT'eC'.. \<G?Ur/ X—i_a ’ A-.. (Wilt W f nwi Copyright "ft-E- EesßgA-/

must important paleontological contribution to the knowledge of the world was a paper on some vertebrate remains discovered In the phosphate beds of South Carolina. In spite of the dry-as-dust sound of his work, bls researches led him into many interesting and romantic discoveries of dead forms of life. He died in 1881. t® by O«ora« Maxtb«w Adams.)

ed. cover with buttered crumbs and bake until the crumbs are brown. Rhubarb Pudding. Cut fresh rhubarb into small pieces, mix with sugar and put into a baking dish, with well-buttered bread, left in slices or cut Into cubes. Set In the oven to bake until the rhubarb to soft. Serve hot or cold. ~}Uxu<. tii. !»»*. Western Newspaper Union.) o ! T it? aTV PIDI c i THE GLAD GIRL | * By DOUGLAS MALLOCH < YOU know the girl—all laughter, fan. The life of ev’ry party, who Can always answer ev’ryone, Dares do what anyone will do, Who sings when all the rest are dumb. And—well, the girl who makes things hum? Young man —I want to ask you, sir— She’s great, but would you marry her? Life's rather serious and sad. It has Its problems, has Its woe, And more defeats a man has had Than victories in life, 1 know; And then a man will need a mate Still undiscouraged. what hto fate, Who walks beside him up the bill And bravely takes the good or ill. A wife, it always seems to me. Should have some depth of character; Whatever need his need may be, A husband ought to find in her. Faith, courage, judgment, tenderness. That to the sort of wife to bless. The best of wives for both their sakes— And that’s the kind the glad girt makes. by McClarv M«w«pap«r Syndieata.) ■

The young lady ACROSS THE WAY

Bjj/Tl The young lady acrut* the way says she should think Great Britain would rather pay the entire debt in cash and save the Interest. f© by McClure Newspaper Syndicate.)

I WO SAID **Generotity i» the flower of I=3 Tl HE6E words of Nathaniel Hawthorne have a striking resemblance to that famous speech delivered by Portia to the court scene to “The Merchant of Venice." Portia is asking Shylock to be merciful, and when he asks why, she replies : The quality of mercy is not strain'd, kt as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath; ... u And earthly power doth then show Ifkeet God’s When mercy seasons justice ... Nathaniel Hawthorne, one of the leading American literary figures, was burn to Salem, Mass., July 4, 1804. He received his education in Bowdoln college and graduated from that Institution to 1825. His literary work la the result of the most careful study. Following his . graduation from college he lived a life , of retirement and devoted much time to writing tales and sketches. Few of these suited him and the majority of them were consigned to the fire. The survivors appeared in the magazines and newspapers of the day. Hawthorne's romance “Fanshawe" ' waa published anonymously to 1832, and to 1837 his “Twice-told Tales" appeared to book form. This work received its title from the fact that it was a collection of articles that had previously been published to periodicals, and thus was literally being “told” for the second time. Hawthornes political offices consisted of being the customs officer of the port of Boston; surveyor of the port of Salem; and American consul to Liverpool —an appointment be received from his old college chum. President Franklin Pierce. Some of th® best knm works of this author are. “Mosses from an Old Manse,” “House of Seven Cables,” and “The Scarlet Letter." Hawthorne died at Plymouth, N. BL. May 18, 1884. —Wayne D. McMurray. by G«orze Matthew Adams.) o w o Mott Ancient City Damascus claims the distinction of bring the oldest city in the world. It comes into religious history with the advent of Abram. Aa capital of Syria, the country joining Palestine on the north, it was always of Importance to the Jews. Apparently it has been an Important trade center from the most remote ages.