The Syracuse Journal, Volume 16, Number 24, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 11 October 1923 — Page 6

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By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN. y ARREN G. HARDING'S tragic wkTOr / passing has directed public attentiim anew to the “Alaska Problem" M one of the most im- —■!*••■¥— portant Inherited by President Coolidge. For it was President Harding's Alaskan trip, made for the purpose of getting firsthand Information on the problem. that brought about his death and his last public ad- « dr>»s at Seattle was In effect a }■ on in behalf of Alaska—the name means “Great Country" and John Muir used to call It “My beautitul. fruitful wilderness." Said Mr. Harding: Against a program of ruinous exploitation wa t> -t Mand firn.ly Our adopted program must bo a development of Alaska for Alaskana Incidentally, In his Seattle speech. Mr. Harding m de these point*: That Alaska doos not need “government-managed, federally-paid-for. hothouse \ opiiK ut ", that more restrict ion of the fishing industry Is necessary ami urgent; that more liberal terms In leasing may be necessary tn develop the oil fields: that there should be nn organ- . Hmii capable of the readiest response to demands for roads ami trails: that there is the necessity to provide feeders fhr the government railroad: that "In a very few years we can very welt (tT rhe Panhandle and a large block of the < (meeting southeastern part as a state.” l i e purpose of this article, however, is Informotive, nit! argumentative. What follows is largely n compilation from the Intest authoritative sources of information of Interesting facts about Alaska i»f course. until development takes place It Is Iml n<,;t,|c to estimate, even approximately, (be probable value of Alaska’s natural resources. There is no question that they are varied and Immense: Coal, oil. copper, gold, silver, lead, various metals, marble, timber, fish, fur. agriculture, water power, scenery. Probably no state In the Union Um so great a variety of assets and so much potential wealth. Even now, when It is admitted that Alaska la not th Uriah Ing. that Its production Is decreasing and that Its population is falling off. It pays annually several hundred per cent on Its original cost $7 2no.tiOo (less than two c-nts an acre). The total mineral production in 1921 was $17,004,124. The total of fishery products In 1921 was Alaska, since lSd7» hiis produced mineral, fish nr. I fur products considerably In excess of one billion, dollars. Gov. Scott C. Bone's latest available report to the secretary of the interior contains these figures: Aordlng to the 192*1 census; the population was 55.036, an apparent decrease of 4»320 from that of 1910, though the former was taken In the dead of winter and the latter In the spring. •„ In 1921 the number of persons employed in the fisheries Industry was 15,070, and the total active investment was $39,601,874. The total value of the fishery products, exclusive 4 of seal and other aquatic furs, was $24,056.567, a decrease of $17,4i\5.2fi7 froiu the preceding yenr. The output of canned salmon consisted of 2.596.526 cases, valued at $10,632,744, as compared with 4.429.403 cases in 1920. valued at $35,002,800. ■The total commerce of Alaska for the calendar year 1921 was $6.5,934.500, a decrease nf $42375.:t29 from the amount in 1920. The total commerce with the United States was $03,541381. as against $106,586,005 In 1920. a decrease of $43,044,814. There were approximately 200,000 reindeer, twothirds of belong to the natives. There were fifteen territorial and three national banka; 214 domestic and 428 foreign corporations. The government of Alaska 'is more perplexing’ than any Chinese puxxle. The executive power is vested In the governor, who Is appointed by the president for a term of four years, by and with the advice and consent of'the senate. The legislative power is vested in a territorial legislature consisting «f a senate nnd bouse of representatives. The Judicial power of the territory Is vested In the District court of the United States for the District of Alaska. The territory elects a delegate to congress, who may participate in debate. but who has no vote. Yet. according to Alaskans. It is a case of “too much government by too many bureaus, too tar away ” There are at least thirty-eight bureaus of the several departments that have a hand in this a

NOTED SHIP GOES TO SCRAP HEAP — ,■ ■■ I- 1

Former U. 3. Cruaier 8t Paul Which Was Commanded by Maine Hero to Be Broken Up. After Slgsbee the St. Peal It was only the other day that the commander ot the Maine In her great tragedy went M to hta last port. Now It la an nounced that the tost ship that he commanded in actual war. a ship which mis drafted Into the -eryice

’tamp ' governing. In many cases their activities overlap. In general there has been little co-ordination and co-operation. In addition. It is government at long range. Bules and regulations under existing statutes are made by the authorities at Washington, Mho are also in largo measure charged with their execution. Bear in mind that nearly all of Alaska’s resources are directly or Indirectly controlled by the federal government. About 99 per cent of the land is still in government ownership. The development of coal and oil deposits is under government leases. Water powers ami fisheries are under federal control, and nearly all Alaska timber Is In government ownership. / Moreover, the territory has Its own fiscal system, controlled by laws enacted by the territorial legislature. which is entirely separate and apart from the revenues received by the federal government from business and trade llcens' s and which are covered into and disbursed from the Alaskan fund In the general treasury. There should be no lack of up-to-date, first-hnnd information m Washington presently concerning the various phases of the Alaskan problem. With President Harding were Secretary of the interior Work. Secretary of Agriculture Wallace. Secretary of Commerce Hoover and many bureau officials. A corgressionaj committee, including Senator Francis E. Warren of Wyoming, chairman of the Senate appropriations committee, visited Alaska during the summer. Six scientists of the I Int.-rior department have been exploring this summer the naval oil reserve of 115,000 square miles In Alaska's northwest corner. qi.,. nment railroad Seward to Fairbanks. begun in 191.'>, has been completed. It is 407 miles long, and cost over $50,000,000. It operates Pullmans, passenger coaches and freight cars to the total number of about 800. The goyernment operate® two connecting Yukon river transports and imdsquito Meets navigate the smaller rivers. Th® fare » abOßt six c«t® a .mile. The railroad Is administered by a commission of the Department of the Interior. Col. Frederick Menrs Is chairman and Ht present in charge of the road. Says Colonel Mears: “Wherever a region or a development proposition warrants It we will build spurs from the main line. Os course, we do not expect to break even, at least for some time. Until the interior is more thickly settled, until tourists come in greater numbers to enjoy the beauties of the McKinley park region, until the varied resources of the interior are developed, this road will not pay. But without the railroad the interior of Alaska never will develop, and Without the exploitation of these resources the road never will get tonnage. Each Is tlvpciident upon the other/’ The completion of tim government railroad will doubtless Stimulate tourist travel, especially to Mount McKinley National park, which ha» hitherto been practically inaccessible. The i>ark contains 2.GU3 square miles and is next in size to Yellowstone. Its biggest feature la .Mount McKinley, 20,464 feet, the highest mountain in North America and one of the most impressive on earth. It 4® a wpnder(jJk preserve of Alaskan wild animal Use; caribou, bighorn, moose.* deer, goat and bear live and breed xhere in immense numbers. Unique among Alaska’s majestic and varied scenery Is the new national monument. Katmal. « “The Valley of Teh Thousand Smokes." which is easily accessible by automobile. Katmal volcano blew its head oft during three days in June of • 1012. covering all Alaska with a thick coating of dust. The explosion left a crater 3,500 feet deep aud eight miles around, with a lake at,the bottom. Close by is a valley several miles long, from which are shooting up thousands of steam jets. It is a sample of earth In the making. Some duy these steam jets may cool off enough to become geysers, like those of the Yellowstone. A government booklet says: “The principal shipments from the United States to Alaska during the past three years were chemicals, automobiles, coal, coffee, confectionery', eggs, electrical machinery and other manufactures of Iron and steel, explosives, fruits, boots and shoes, meat and dairy products, mineral oils, sugar, tobacco, vegetables and manufactures of paper, wood and wool." This means that Alaska, with its own coal deposits. Is Importing coal; with It® own oil fields. Is Importing oil; with its own forests. Is Importing manufactures of wood! The same booklet says: “Winter rye and winter wheat can be success- &

because of the needs of the war which followed the Maine tragedy, is to he sent to the scrap heap. So history closes another chapter. There will be much regret at the passing of the St. Fnul. Memory Is still keen of the day when she and her sister ship, the St. Louis were hailed as the first members of a rehabilitated American merchant main ' hM’ was to rival th»t of any

, other country. They were. Indeed, fine ships, swift, stanch and com • modious, beautiful to the eye and not i unworthy of comparison, with the beat of the foreign liners, and they demoor strated the practicability of reviving the time when the steamers of the > Collins line bore the blue ribbon of i the sens. I But other days, other ships. The St. s Paul was a splendid passenger ship • and a stanch naval cruiser under Sigs- • bee in the Spanish war. Today she Js f out of date and unprofitable for

, THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

”Una ar'ammwr fully grown in the interior of Alaska wherever the snowfall Is deep enough to protect the grain from severe winter temperatures, say, from thirty' to forty inches. Hay Is successfully made every season from native grasses and from grain uowe for the purpose. “Os the agricultural land tributary to the govern ment railroad in the Cook inlet and Susitna regior ; it is estimated that 1.296.000 acres are suitable foi ■ farming without costly drainage. This area woulc ; provide 8,100 farms of 100 acres each. “Homestead claim may be Initiated by any per | son having the qualifications required cant for land it. the United States. and> a home stead entry made in the United States does not operate to disqualify him.” J. J. Underwood says in “Alaska, an Empire in . the Making": “The coast-line of Alaska, measuring around al) of the Islands. Is approximately 26,000 miles long more than the distance around the world. “The gross area of Alaska Is 590.804 sqv.are I miles, or piore than the combined area of Maine > New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island. Connecticut, New York, New Jersey. Penn sylvanla. Delaware, Maryland. West Virginia,’ North Carolina. South Carolina, Georgia, Florida Mississippi and Tennessee. “The Yukon river has a total length of nearly ’ three thousand miles, and It is about the fifth j largest stream in the world. It is navigable sot i river vessels for a distance of about twenty-tout j hundred miles. “According to the estimates of competent engi neers and geologists, the coal in Alaska Is sulli- : cient to sustain the people of the United States ■ for 5,300 years at the present rate of consumption . “Alaska contains about twenty active volcanoes | “The cod banks of Alaska are said by the Unitec States fish commission to be among the finest in ■ the world. The same Is true of the halibut banks “Statistics show that in Alaska there !s less- i crime per capita than in any state in the Union.’ . Andrew J. Stone writes in the Century: “Alaska has in active operation the largest cop j per mine in the world. “The territory’s extent of latitude and coast line and the warming influence of the Japan current have combined to give It almost as much climatic , variety as California claims to possess. “Alaska has pasturage for 30.006.000 reindeer : from which 900,000.000 jxmnds of the choicest unc ' most delicious meat could annually be marketed I In addition, the territory has 65,000,000 acres o! j choice grazing ground. i “The soil has the same qualities that make th< wheat of Manitoba famous." The “New International Year Book” says: “Under the adopted by tht government, the Pnbliof Islands seal herds in i creased from 215.738 animals in 1912 to 604.791 In 19?? The sealskins secured in 1921 numberet! 23.681. and at St. Louis during 1922. 22J178 oi ’ these skins were sold for $722,000. The skins <>l, 1,139 blue and white foxes caught on the I’hibiio: i islands during the season 1920-21 were sold sot ' $lO9/®B. “Although the fiscal year 1922 wa® one of market depression In Alaska. 18.000.000 board feet oi lumber were cut toe commercial use. . ' “The value of furs shipped from the territory In 1921 was S7G2/if7. “Fox farmlrig In Alaska Is Increasing. 76 sos farms now being in operation. “Over the United States Signal corps system o!. 2.706 miles of cables and 795 miles of land lines tliere were transmitted In 1921 messages, govern ment and commercial, whose tariffs amounted t< $221,781.” A report of the governor emphasizes, -as th« paramount need, liberalized laws and more flex (ble rules and regulations thereunder, with a con centration of authority and responsibility and ur administration co-ordinated and brought close home. -

further service, fit only to be broke! up for Junk. Such Is the story o twenty-seven years. It suggests t< those who condemn the building a naval vessels, on the ground that thej will not last forever but have to b< scrapped and replaced every genera tlon that merchant vessels are subject to the same Inexorable law.—Neu York Tribune. By adding pulverized mica, concrete can be made closely to resembit granite.

Was and Such Is the Part Played by th« lyin^linilliHferp Magnates” oufiiu?iUunnutr4ttte — , By JOSEPH CAILLAUX, in Current History Magazine, f?• V S GERMANY, did not fail to take advanf**e of tht underlying difference in policy between the victorious powers. It confirmed her in the design which her captains of industry had conceived and imposed on the vacillating government, namely to evade the payment of reparations. . . . Germany before the war was a vast firm, an immense factory, if one prefers that term, of which all the parts were closely welded together. The mines, the factories of Alsace, of Lorraine and of Upper Silesia, were incorporated in the edifice, which was supported by the gigantic props called customs duties , and especially by the trusts. The enormous structure was bound to collapse whenever one of its parts was torn away, or one of its props damaged. I The great German industrial magnates have not understood, or else i have not wished to understand, the significance of the defeat inflicted on ■ their country. Instead of reaching the conclusion that the force of ciri cumstances compelled them to establish German economic life on the basis of formulas new to them, but similar to those of their Anglo- ! Saxon rivals, they undertook, immedaiely after their defeat, to carry out the designs that they had previously cherished, tliat is, to construct, . by artificial processes, an industrial system so strong that ft would be I able to crush the universe. £ , • > Had territory, rich in mines find factories, been taken away from them? What did that matter? They could procure from foreign sources the ore supplies' that were indispensable. By means of great internal works they would create economic conditions which would permit them to transport their raw material at little expense, and also to replace the factories they had lost. But money, much money, would be required for all that Row could they find it? By selling, in foreign markets, mark currency, a proceeding which Professor Cassel, whom no one can tax with hatred of has called “the most gigantic swindling operation that the world has ever known.” When oite pursues such objectives and undertakes to use all the resources of the nation to acquire mines in Austria, Sweden and Chile, to deepen ports, to dig canals, one cannot dream of paying indemnities to conquerors. Such was and such ia the part played by the German ltllHllllllllllllllimillllll!llllltllllllllHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!ll!llll Alaska Has Disclosed to an Astonished World Its Wealth and Possibilities i By J. J. UNDERWOOD, in “Alaska, an Empire in the Making.” The years that have passed since Alaska came into the possession of the United States have disclosed to an astonished world its great wealth and wonderful possibilities. Its auriferous gravels have yielded untold treasure; its colonies of seal and other mammals have loaded the markets ‘ with valuable and beautiful furs; its seas have given up their wealth of 1 food fishes; its barren tundras have presented us the nucleus of the reindeer industry and taught a lesson in the civilization of savage tribes; its agricultural possibilities promise returns in excess of all expectations; its unmeasured timber areas will furnish wood pulp and lumber long after : other forests have been exhausted; and its undelved coal-mines suggest a national opulence beyond the dreams of avarice. , It may sound like a wild dream to say that within a few years, European immigrants, instead of landing at New York, will land on the Pacific coast, to make productive the unoccupied areas of land in the West and in Alaska. But it is a dream that likely will come true, for Alaska is capable of raising every pound of beef, every sort of vegetable, and every pound of butter or other dairy product that her people will need Uli the white population increases to two hundred times its present number. niiinntimiHiiininiiiiimimniiiiiiHHiiininiiii>inHininimiiiiii f nnnniiminiiim Fifty Millions of Farm Loans With But Thirteen Defaults in Six Years By GUY HUSTON, President American Association. Out of $50,000,000 in loans made in lowa and Illinois by the j Chicago Joint Stock Land bank, only thirteen defaults have occurred in six years. One-crop farmers are the deepest sufferers now, because they have not been able to take advantage of the new economics of modern farm ; equipment. Ninety per cent of the borrowers among the farmers are car- ; rying on in good shape. The farming business is not as bad as painted. More than 50 per cent of the farmers are clear of debt and 90 per cent I of the other 50 per cent are in good condition. Only six per cent of the land classified as “agricultural land is real I “plow land.” Only 25 per cent of the land in the country is agricultural ' land, which is valued at $67,000,000,000. The estimated value of crop* this year is about which is not such a bad return, even I with labor costs taken out. I ' The farmer with a 240-acre farm, worth $50,000, with clod breakers ' xnd modern equipment, ifi making money. Ihe small farmer, on land ■ ss valuable with no machinery equipment and small production to the ; :re, is in a bad fix, but so are manufacturers in the city in poor locations, I equipment and lack of knowledge. — ||HHHIIHHIIUIIHIIHIIHIIIIHIinmiIIIIIHIIHIIHHIt it| l || l | n |||,||||||||||l|llll>llll,li| y “If Someone Would Invent Solar Engine of Five Per Cent Efficiency” By EDWIN E. SLOSSON, in Science News Bulletin. .— — » The greatest waste is our failure to utilize. zwfTbw/carelessness in methods of utilization. We waste 50 pec cent of bur petroleum through irrational and competitive drilling. V\e waste Xwo-thirds of our coal ’ before its energy gets into the engine. But wewaste all of the sunshine i that falls upon our arid region lands, and that means a greater loss of energy than we get from all our oil and coal. The richest region in the United States is Death valley, .California. If some one would invent a i’ solar engine wjth an efficiency of even five per cent, it would add incalculably to the wealth of the country through the utilization of the wasted sunbeams that fall upon our arid land. Here is a prize bigger than any grasped by coal kings and oil magnates. But nobody conies forward to claim it Yet very likely the knowledge necessary to achieve this supreme triumph of chemical engineering is already in existence —somewhere. If it is not, there is certainly enough brain-power in the world to solve the problem if it were set to work at it We are all of us the poorer because of this waste of ideas and inventive genius. Senator LaFollette of Wisconsin.—l never believed in a valuation according to the cost of reproduction, because that is a fluctuating thing. It would be unjust to the people in the time of high prices and unjust to the railroads in the time of low prices. The true measure of valuation and the standard of return must always be what they put into the business. Then you can have no fluctuation. President Harding.—While I would abhor a pacific America,, I would rejoice to have the United States proven to be unafraid, and yet the most peace-loving and the loretoort peace-promoting nation in all tha ■

Daddy $ ' FaicyTale GRAHAM BONNER ■>l... conncMT rt VIST UM mvsmuu umw » AQUARIUM BTORY "I am going to tell you a story of the aquarium tonight," said Daddy. “The aquarium y° u know, is the —home of many members of the Ash family. This is a big city aquarium I am now speaking —about, though of course there are Uttle aquarium* ' '** a ° too." “Y es,“ said Nancy, “for I call my fish bowl where my tw e gold tishes are an — aquarium." “Some New Ar- “Gs cours** rivals.” agreed Daddy. “Wdl, m this big aquarium therfe have been many new arrivals, some sea robins, toad fish, a few pipe fish, i'he pipe fish daddies help the mothers carry the little pipe fish eggs about and are really very useful pipe tish daddies. Their heads are something like heads of sea horses and they are relatives of sea horses. “Spider crabs have also been added lately, and some lobsters and some puffers. “There Have been some new arrivals in the blue crab family and some fine young brown spotted lady crabs and spider crabs have arrived. “The spider crabs are so named because their long legs have a kind of mossy hair upon them which is something like a spider’s web, though others say they look something like spiders and that is why they are named, so you may take your choice here. “But it is of the talk between two lobsters, that I want to tell you about. ‘“lt was a great joke/ said Louis Lobster, ‘and how I did laugh in my lobster fashion when I first heard it/ “ ‘Tell it to me/ said Leon Lobster. “ 'You see/ Louis Lobster continued, 'some one wrote a story about lobsters. Now the only lobsters which had been seen by the one who made the pictures of the lobsters were lobsters all ready boiled and ready to eat. “‘Of course such lobsters are red. “ ‘But the one making the pictures never thought that lobsters were any other color at all at any time. “ ‘And so the lobsters In the pictures were painted red and they were supposed to be in the sea and were sup- , posed to be adventuring lobsters, and not ones ready to eat. “‘Wasn’t that absurd? But at the same time, it was a little sad.’ “ ‘lt was perfectly absurd/ said Leon, ‘but why sad?’ “ ‘Sad/ said Louis, ‘to think how little some people know of lobsters. “‘Now, here was some one with a great talent for painting and yet some one who knew nothing about lobsters! • ‘“lt was so dreadfully Ignorant. Almost as though one knew how to skip a rope but didn't know who dls- v covered America I •“Almost as ignorant as that/ “ ‘Almost/ said Leon, ‘but not quite. Still it is strange to think how ignorant people can be of such Important creatures as lobsters/ “So these two lobsters went on talking in the aquarium Jwhlle the other fishes there looked their best for the visitors. “And after a bit the fishes all sang the great aquarium song which goes like this: Splash, splash, splash. We certainly cut a dash. We wear so many colors brlrht. We look indeed a gay fish sight. We’re of all sizes and all kinds Some of us are really finds. Splash, splash. splash U'JZ>q>z72 We certainly cut a dash - I And then the j , two lobsters sang this duet. iiiaf VVe're the lobsters I and you must know That when we’re Lir . alive and on the go. f f ® We’re not red as H I some of you \\4 VMmSFx' th Ink. But we are green, v just like green ink! We’re only red ' when we’re boiled to eat. < When alive we wear green costumes s o “Some Puffer*.*’ neat. And please remember how we look When we haven't met the lobster cook! “And then once again all the fishes In the aquurium sang the great fish chorus which goes like this: Hooray, hooray, hooray. We’re splashing fishes gayt Not All There. Elizabeth came to school one day In a state of suppressed excitement. Going straight to the teacher*e desk, she exclaimed exultantly, got a new little sister!” “How very nice,” replied the teacher. “Yes,” said Elizabeth, “but this is only a half-sister.” “Why, that doesn’t make any difference, does It?” “No, but' I never can understand where the other half Is.” —Harper’s’, Magazine. A Dry Jok*. Wit—Tm pitcher on one of the league teams now. jßlt—That so? Wit —Yes, I carry the water. Exceed! ng.the Limit. "Maud tells everything she knows.” “Yes, it wouldn’t be so bad if she would stop there.” HAll in a Lifetime. Old Lady—Did you ever do a single day’s work in your life? Old Hobo—Jest about, leddy.