The Syracuse Journal, Volume 16, Number 16, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 16 August 1923 — Page 6

I America*! Rmw Bureau | ■' ’*'■>;& ..’"7 '» " HF&T'...~‘s ■-<’ •'*’ J * vt M' ™rTirF?fKßir ’ <v-3 nartHW"- , j!r«.'wWwßWfe i$S ‘ ifThese County Champion Club Members of New Mexico Are Competing in the Live Stock Judging at the Final State Competition at State College. The Winning Team Wiil Compete With Other. States at Chicago.

STATE FARM BUREAUS ! USING AX ON TAXES I Facts Secured by Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Tnxe* on farm Isnd In 1922 showed »n< reuse of 124 per cent over 1918. Ihe average taxes on bind, per farm, -low stand at 1103. With the personal property and Income tax added, the average for each farm Is brought up to 3156. On this basis the total direct ;ax BOW paid hy agriculture is close to one billion dollars. These are the facts secured by the United States bureau of uprk ulfural economics in a survey 'overlng more than 6.660 farms in every jmrt of the United States. Some reduction should be made in the figr.x, since the farms surveyed were larger than the average shown by the renaua. The conclusion reached by the department of research to that the total direct tnx paid by farmers would be around 39U»,(XM).000. or $l4O per farm. Total receipts from direct taxation m the United States for the fiscal year en<l«.l June 30 1922. were 35.073,000. WO. Direct farm taxes comprised 16) (H-r cent of thia total. Os state and 10-j <el taxes amounting to S3JSHfi,(XO,(IOO. agriculture. It is estimated, paid 22 per cent Several Mate and county farm burrntui have become Interested In studying their local taxation problems. In ten states, according to reports made to the American Farm Bureau federa- | don. work baa been undertaken which baa yielded profitable results. The department of rwarch report analyses In detail the work carried nn In tbeae ten state*. A fair idea <yf this work can be gained by a synopsis of the taxation activities of the New Hampshire, Nebraska and Kentucky farm bureaus. The tax committee of the New Hampshire farm bureau found that fungible property, which Includes farms, homes, real estate, representing a wealth of approximately >500.000,000 tn New Hampshire, paid over 311.000.o*l taxes In 1922. while intangible property in the form of securities, representing a wealth greater than all the tangible property, paid orily 3100.000. It also found that of the various daase* of tangible property, farms and farmers’ property In the form of live stock was bearing more than Its share <ff the burden, for It found In most ct***s property taxed at approximately 100 per cent of its mine, and sometimes even more, while some of the big mercantile corporations of the state and some of the publie utilities were taxed at from 30 to 35 per cent of their actual value. The committee recommended that the tax commission compile and make public figure* indicating the relative percentage* of th* total revenue—both stat* and local—which Is raised on 1 different claws of property. It requested data showing the relation of assessed valuations to true values for each claw of property. The tax work in Nebraska was started by the Thurston county farm bureau, in an analysis of public expenditures. Before this compilation was made feeling had been running nigh in Thurston county against exceeeiv* taxes. Some of th* taxpayers wer* blaming the state for building a 36,000.000 capitol. others blamed the readbuilding program, and others the coast ruction of bridges. Ths survey gave ttie facta which made every one mure sutlsfiod. The work in Thurston county was reported to tbe state organisation and. through th* efforts of the state farm bureau tax committee, similar data wer* compiled by th* state treasurer fnr each county In the state. The president of the Nebraska farm bureau gays that there was another feature of

COTTON GROWERS AFFILIATE’ Louisiana Association la Ninth to Got Into Lino— Mitotan-ppi Io Still Out. At * recent meeting of the board of directors of the Louwlsna Farm BuFtMQ Cottos Growers* association la Alexandria the association was formally affiliated with the America® Ootuhj Growers’ Exchange. Louisiana la the ninth state of the cotton belt to affiliate with the Cotton Growers Exchange. and completes the rhain of co-operatives under the national organisation from the New Mexican border to the Atlantic. The only of »V importance that la Mt turn I member of the exchange to the MUltotoffii Etapto Growers* a* UltotVr wbhffi was one of the Erst eettantoed and has remained separate haaanaa it deals tn a distinctive type of long stnpto eottom Other states having membership 1® dbe exchange •»* *** OHrtito Arkansas. Alabama. Oowgia, MistosstonL and rarm Bares® AMoeiatto® st

the work which had more direct re suits. “In Thurston county It was found that the county bridge fund, aud the whole indebtedness fund, and the emergency bridge fund. uni<>uniiti:>t<> $2 of the $4.90, were all spent for bridges, and it was believed In an unauthorized way. The county farm bureau took the matter up and appointed a tax committee to Investigate. The Investigation resulted in calling the state englneeer and actually visiting and checking the material and eon structlon of 119 bridges which had been built for two years. It is a long story and the result of it was that the Investigation through the farm bureau secured a reduction in the cost of these bridges of For the coming year a tax committee, with a member from each precinct, was organized to meet with the county board and assist in auditing bills und inspecting con tracts." The Kentucky farm bureau, through its tax committee, is co-operating with county farm bureaus In resisting increases in assessed valuation which are considered Inequitable. Proper legal action is taken In behalf of farm bureau members only. In Union county $26,564 in taxes were saved In 1922 for 495 members of the farm bureau. This was an average saving of $53.65 per member. AYRSHIRE CALF WINS PRIZE i L** County (Iowa) Boy la Owner ot Champion Youngster Which le Worth >250 Bernard Downey. champion pig clut member. Lt* county, lowa, U hen shown with his prize, an Ayrshire ealf I thA h- ( j ■* *523* I ' *■ \S***** f# f> wl’ * * ' • ' - Bernard Downey and Hie Prize Ayr ehire Calf. of the best blood, which Is being heli by C. E Stone, secretary of tbe Hamp shire association. The prize calf is : worth 3250 and its grand dam is the champion producer of tbe Ayrshire breed. Buckwheat of Big Value Chiefly as a Cash Crop The principal value of buckwheat it las a cash crop. It is tn demand, ot coarse, for the manufacture of buck wheat flour. Incidentally, the crop it of some value in supplying humor tc tbe soil As a honey plant, buckwheat la priaed by beekeepers, not only because of the amount of honey availabl* in the flowers, but because tb« plants flower at a t|iue when much ot th* bee pasturage Is goo% Uniform Quality of Cream. A more uniform quality of cream can b* obtained with the separator as the separating la done while the milk is warm. This makes frosh akim-tnilk immediately available for feeding.

North Carolina and South Carolina Recently completed organizations li Missouri and Tennessee are expected to affiliate All associations grouped under th< exchange are organized under a stand ard form of contract originated by Aaron Saptro, of California, who Is now co-operative marketing counsel for tiw American Fann Boreas Federation Cart Williams, of Oklahoma, is presi dent of the exchange, and C. O. Moser, of Dallas. Texas to secretary. r 5 Oi I tBHN I Ovviruli jf» The Pennsylvania Farm Bureau federation has opened headquarters tn the Telegraph baikfin*, Harrisburg, Pa. Paul Hoffman has been employed as secretary. PmH Balt Doon forest th* stock needs salt Ths sow® 4 the heck pasture some times get forgotten. WWHv AMMittaMu Bmml thto twto*i Me tore la bettor a ®ereb Mat .

Different Terms Used by Farmers

Certain Expressions Used in Discussing Subject of Feed Should Be Understood. Every farmer should know the meaning of certain terms commonly used in discussing the subject of feeding. This is essential for the proper understanding of the literature relating to the subject and for the Intelligent application of its recommendations to feeding practice. In discussing the chemical composition of feeds the terms protein, carbohydrates, fat, nitrogen-free extract, crude fiber and ash are used. These terms are explained briefly by W. D. Salmon, assistant animal busbandman of the Clemson college. Protein—This is a complex nltro-gen-evntaiaing compound. Roughly the amount of nitrogen In a feed multiplied by 6.25 gives the amount of crude protein. Protein is essential fur the production of lean meat! milk, the white of egg. connective tissue, skin, hair, horn and hoof. Reproduction and growth of the animal body are Impossible without protein. Hence larger amounts of this nutrient are required for young growing animals than for mature animals, although the latter must have some protein in the feed to maintain the normal body functions. The chief source of this compound for live stock feeding are cottonseed meal, linseed oil meal, soy beans, or soy bean meal, peanut meal, velvet beans, tankage, fish meal, blood meal, skim milk, and alfalfa or clover hay. The green forage crops and grasses while young and tender are also Important sources. Carbohydrates.—These ar* compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They furnish heat to keep the body warm and energy for doing work. Any surplus is converted Into animai fat. The carbohydrates are the most Important nutrients for fattening animals. The chief sources are starohes and sugars In the grains and the crude fiber of the roughages. Some feeds high In carbohydrates are corn, rice meal, wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, sorghum and timothy hay. Fats.—The composition of fats resembles that of the carbohydrates and they are used for the same purpose by the animal. They furnish 2.25 times as much energy per unit as the carbohydrates. The chief sources are the grains, and leguminous seeds —soy beans, peanuts and velvet beans. Some of the by-products like tankage, coconut meal, peanut cake, sunflower seed cake, and oil meal, are rather high in fat. Nitrogen-Free Extracts.—This embraces everything in the carbohydrates except fiber. The term has at times led to confusion by people thinking it meant nltrogen-carrylng compounds, whereas It meant compounds carrying no nitrogen. Crude Fiber.—This Is the woody portion of a feedstuff. It Is a carbohydrate, but it is less digestible and has a lower nutritive value than the other constituents of feeds. Certain forms of fiber are almost entirely indigestible

LIVE STOCK BROUGHT SUCCESS

Dairy Cow, Hog and Hen Win High Place in Georgia. (Prepared by th. United States Department ot Agriculture * The dairy cow, the hog, and the hen have won for themselves a high place in the regard of Turner county, Ga., farmers. This county grew but one crop—cotton —until about two years ago. Finding the boll weevil and general economic conditions made this crop a continued financial has, a *p® r * maneul prosperity" program, substituting dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry, with pasture and feed crops for their maintenance, was adopted and approved methods of management introduced by the county agricultural agent Within two years, a profitable dairy, poultry, and meat industry baa been developed. The tota* amount realised by Turner county fanners in 1922. through the sale of their diversified farming products, reached $1.000,000, an average of about >OOO per farm. In addition, they have enjoyed a comfortable living produced on their own farms, their soil is increasing In fertility, and their live-stock holdings are growing. The creamery which opened in October. 1921. with 100 patrons, now has over 800. Checks tor cream have more than doubled in amount in the last seven month*. There are purebred bulls in the county. Uo-opera-i live shipment of hogs from the county will reach probably 15 cars per month Increased Yield Due to Use of Acid Phosphate According to C. J. Williams, director i of the Ohio experiment station, the addition of 820 pounds .of acid phosphate plus eight tons of barnyard mar nure brought about a yield of 10.61 bushels more corn. 5.2 bushels more wheat, 920 pounds more clover, 535 pounds more stover, and 614 pounds more straw in three years than did the manure without the add phosphate. Valuing the corn at 50 cents a bushet, wheat at >l, clover at >lO, stover at X. and straw at M per ton. the increased yield due to the 320 pounds of acid phrwyphnta. had a value of g1i.50. This U an increase of H<® per ton for the acid phosphate used, showing a big profit from the use of this constituent It isn't necessary to get so large an increase in yields as this teat showed to metre the supplementing of bareyard manure with add phosphate profitable and the chances are that results would not always be so profib able, but even with half this increase In returns, balancing the manure with add phosphate would be quite worth wbll*

THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL

and are used only as fillers In feed*. The roughages are all high in fiber. Ash or Mineral Matter.—Ash is used in building bone and In many of the life processes. The minerals most likely to be deficient in the rations of farm animals are calcium (lime), phosphorus and common salt. The legume hays—clover, alfalfa, soy bean, and cowpea—are rich in calcium. Wheat brun is high in phosphorus. Tankage, fish meal, and skim milk contain both calcium and phosphorus it? considerable quantities. Keep Farm Water Free From All Contamination The first essential of a supply of drinking water Is that it be free from contamination and disease. Hence, if there is any doubt it should be an'alyzed. To keep the water pure the source of contamination should be removed and the well, spring, or whatever the source should be made as near proof as possible against the entrance ot anything that w’ould contaminate the water. In case of a bored or dug well there should be several feet of puddled clay packed around the walls eight to twelve feet deep. This insures that any surface water entering must be filtered through at least ten feet ot soli. The well platform should extend ten or twelve Inches above th* level of the ground and should be nmde tight, concrete preferred. If concrete cannot be had, use tongue and grooved planks. Be sure that the ground slopes gradually away from the well so that no puddles of water can stand. I have seen wells that were *pen and puddles of water next to the well where ducks and pigs wallow. This is a source of danger and should be corrected before It is too late. Outhouses and especially those with excavated pits and cess pools should never be placed near the well or spring. In fact, neither of these should be used. Either a sanitary toilet or a septic tank should be used Instead. It is only a matter of a little money aud the use of some spare time ts have the farm home sanitary an< have a good, pure supply of water fo| drinking purposes.—By W. EL Me I’heeters, Extension Farm Engineer Oklalioma A. and M. college. Sweet Potato Diseases Often Decrease Yield “There are two common diseases Ln this state which frequently decrease tbe yield of sweet potatoes,’’ says D. C. Mooring, horticulturist with th* extension division of the Oklahoma A. and M. college. "They are black rot and stem rot or sometimes called wilt or yellows. •The plants affected by yellows 01 wilt turn yellow. These plants should be dug out and burned. In order to avoid diseased seed for next year, you should make vine cuttings and set them in new ground in which diseased potatoes have not been grown and grow your seed for next year."

this year. More than 45,000 pure-bred chicks have been hatched in the county since November, 1922. This striking success In a county having no marked physical or economic advantages to start with has been accomplished, according to reports to the United States Department of Agriculture, through the complete co-operation of practically every farmer and business man In the county with the agricultural extension workers In carrying out the program Spray Used to Control Many Foliage Diseases Spraying can be used for the control of many foliage and fruit diseases of garden and truck crops. If the crop is grown on a large scale, large traction or power sprayers should be used, but small band sprayers are suitable for gardens. The most satisfactory spray material for most diseases that •an be controlled in this way is bordeaux mixture. The strength of the solution will vary with the plants to be treated. It Is sometimes desirable to spray the seedlings in the seed beds- Tomato seedlings can be sprayed with a weak solution (about 2-3-50) of bordeaux mixture. The addition of 3 pounds of resin fish Oil soap to each 50 gallons of the mixture is advantageous. A stronger solution can be used ou seedlings grown in the open than on those grown under glass. Spray mixtures should be applied with a sufficiently high power to produce a very fine mist. The under as \ well as the upper surface of the foliage should be covered If possible Paris green or arsenate of lead for killing insects can be added to the ; i bordeaux mixture without injuring l either material. I - Hot Water Essential to Sterilize Milk Vessels Scalding hot water is just as essential in sterilising dairy utensils in summer as in winter. Sterilizing the vessels in summer is even more important than in winter because during hot weather the temperature Is more favorable to the multiplication and development of bacteria. Sterilizing the milk vessels will have much to do with keeping the bacterial count low In tbs milk, and the milk will keep longer. Stand of Sweet Clover. In order to get a stand of sweet clover in the alfalfa field the alfalfa should be cultivated before the sweet clover to seeded. The use of scarified seed will further insure a stand; ordtoiary seed would probably lie in the •og until next spring before germinat-

HUGS TURK CORN CROPTOJWIT Economical Farrowing House Insures Health of Small Pigs. GOOD DESIGN FOR HOG HOUSE Essentials of Fresh Air and Sunlight Are Given First ConsiderationType of Construction Is Not Expensive. By WILLIAM A. RADFORD Mr. William A. Radford will answer juestlons and give advice FREE OF 2OST on all subject* pertaining to the I lubject of building work on the farm, •or the readers of this paper. On account of his wide experience as Editor. Author and Manufacturer, he is, without doubt, the highest authority on all these subjects. Address all Inquiries o William A. Radford. No. 1827 Prairie avenue. Chicago. 111., and only nclose twj-vent stamp for reply. Farmers In the corn belt market nuch of their corn crops through hogs. Many go further—they use the hogs o harvest the crop as well as to market it. The latter turn their crop of spring pigs into the cornfield, and when marketing time comes the pigs tre fat and wdll finished, which means hey will bring the top price. It Is now approaching the season vhen many farmers will prepare to

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produce the crop of pigs for next sea- . «>n. That means that the sows due ;o farrow in the late winter or early spring will be provided with a modern house for their families of little pigs, j spring pigs are profitable, but onless they have the right kind of a house it is a difficult matter to keep them alive and healthy until it is time to turn them out to pasture. The modem farrowing house, or hog house, provides three essentials to ,r- l h—ll ITu. O ' ft fl 00 S I aEr P J *414 H ■ d fN la -Ft’ ll ft fl 1 a| kotf-L ——-j profitable hog raising. The first is protection of tbe young pigs and their mothers from the cold, damp weather that prevails in the early spring; th* second is that the pigs have an abundance of pure, dry air; the third is that the labor of caring for a number of sows and their pigs is cut to a minimum. A good type of farrowing pen that is the "east expensive to build Is shown in the accompanying illustration. It ia of the half-monitor or sawtooth roof design, the windows facing

CAMELS ONCE RANGED ALASKA Bone* of the Animal Hav* B**n Found There, a* Well a* In Part* of Nebraska. Discoveries in a quarry near Agate Springs. Sioux county. Nebraska, of five skeletons of an extinct genus of camel which Inhabited North America at the beginning of the Miocene epoch of the age of mammals. Indicating that the camel probably originated on the American continent, give significant point to a report which has just been made by Rev. John Chapman, an Episcopal missionary at Anvik, Alaska, that the bones of camels were dug up not long ago along the banka of the Yukon river. Mr. Chapman has been engaged in missionary work in Alaska sine* taro, and in addition to his church work amoag the natives, has found tttee also to pursue investigations along scientific lines. The camel bones which were found in Nebraska have been mounted and placed on exhibition In the American Mttseur N-tnrsl History la New

the south ant'd tne length extending east and west. The building is ot good tight frame construction set on a concrete foundation, with a concrete floor. A concrete floor is an important feature of the house, as it provides a sanitary surface that is easily cleaned. By laying the floor before frost sets In, the construction of the upper part of the house may be delayed until late tn the fall or even until winter. The best site for a hog house Is on a slightly elevated piece of ground so as to Insure good drainage. A layer of cinders 2 or 3 Inches thick helps > in drainage when put under the con- ■ crete floor. The building is extended ' east and west so that the low sun of late winter and early spring may be permitted to enter. The windows in the side wall admit sunlight and warmth to the row of pens on the side, white the upper windows .perform the same service for the other row of pens. I This building is 91 feet long and 24 feet wide. On each side of the feeding alley that extends through the building are 13 farrowing pens. Tbe floors of the pens are partially covered by a platform constructed of J planks slightly raised from the con i crete. The betiding for tbe sows and pigs are placed on these raised floors, which prevents the cold and damp i from the concrete floor penetrating tn the delicate youngsters. On the floor plan that accompanies the exterior view is shown pig rails id each pen. These rails are raised slightIj above the floor and extend around two sides of the pens. They are high enough to offer, the small pigs a chance to escape when their clumsy mothers

lie down and threaten to crush them It'-la such habits and dangers ai those enumerated that the moders hog house is designed to overcome : That's what makes them good invest ments for those who make good profit! ■ from that Middle West combidatlon—hogs and corn. Age of the Ocean. The (Ocean is hot, of course, as old as the earth, since it could not be formed until the surface of the globt had cooled sufficiently to retain watei on It. It may. therefore, seem chimerical to try to measure the age of tht sea, but the task has been undertaken The estimate has been based upon the 'ratio of sodium the sea contains tc that annually contributed by the washings from the continents. Tht conclusion has thus been reached that the ocean has been in existence be tween 80,000,000 and 170,000,000 ol years. This does not seem to be t very definite determination, but. it geology, estimates of time in years are extremely difficult because of ~ the un certainty of the elements of calcula tion. Radio In Thunderstorm. The weather bureau, although with out facilities of its own for conduct Ing investigations tn this field, has co operated in various ways with othet agencies also interested In condition: affecting wireless telephony, says th< Scientific American. As a result o work done b$ Nebraska Wesleyai university based on thunderstorms re ports furnished by the weather bn reau the investigators reached tin conclusion that there is no relatloi between barometric pressure and audi blllty aj a distant receiving station High static frequency, high statb audibility and a nearby thunder storm area, however, tend to reduc« the audibility at the receiving station Pilot Fi*h of th* Tropic*. The pilot fish is a little fish wel known to sailors from its peculia ' habit of keeping company with ship< 1 and large fishes, sharks, *i exchange says. It occurs in all trap ical and subtropical seas, and is com mon in the Mediterranean, but become scaicef in higher latitude*. Ancien seamen of the Mediterranean regarde ;it as a sacred fish. They described i as a fish which pointed out the way t< j dubious or embarrassed sailors, an> I by its sudden disappearance indicate to them the vicinity of land. Tbe col 1 oration of the pilot renders it con spicuous at a distance. On a blul*' ground color from five to seven dart blue or violet crossbands traverse th body from the back to tbe belly.

| York. It is known that In prehistori times the camel ranged all over Nortl and South America, but. so far as I j known, until the discovery along th- > banks of tbe Yukon In Alaska of slm 1 liar skeletons. It was not known tha they had ranged that far north. Th fact of their exhumation in Alask would now seem to indicate that th camel wandered northward into th Alaskan country in< a prehistoric time and during the period when the Amei lean and the Asiatic continents wer united at that point where the Behrin, sea now separates them, crossed ove into Asia, where in later times the became for long ages and still remali the chief beast of burden among th Asiatics. A Dud Is Always a Dud. You can take it from me—romanti writers notwithstanding — matrimon; possesses no alchemy to transpose dud fellow, a rake, * cad, or any oth* human throw-out, into a husband wh will thereafter acquit himself like s mor* reasonable human being.— Frot "Through th* Glad Eye* of a Woman, by Anae Doe.

DAIRY FACTS | Mixtures Favored for Feeding Dairy Calves (Prepared by the United State* Department or Agriculture.) Dairy calves in their second week will begin nibbling at grain, if any la available, and by the time they are one month old will often eat a half pound a day. Young calves relish wheat bran, which is often used in grain mixtures at the start. Corn has . a desirable effect upon cattle of all ages and is available on most farms. It helps to make up for thefat removed from skim milk. Experiments have shown that cracked, corn is better than ground corn for young calves. The United States Department of Agriculture recommends that bran and cracked corn be mnde the' basis of the feed mixture whenever possible. Ground oats Is a very good feed, but oats are uot so generally grown as corn and usually cost •more per unit to feed than corn and bran. The department recommends any of the following mixtures as suitable for young calves: 1. Three parts cracked cora and 1 part white bran. , 2. Three parts cracked corn. 1 part wheat bran, and 1 part ground oats. 3. Three parts cracked corn. 1 part w-heat bran. 1 part ground oats, and 1 part linseed meal. 4. Five parts cracked dorn, 1 part wheat bran, 1 part ground oats, and J part blood meal. 5. Oats, ground. Some time during the third month cplves will pntoably be eating about 3 pounds of grain a day. When the grain Is fed with the separate milk It should never be mixed with t-he nillk, and it is questionable whether there is any advantage in soaking or boiling. Change Calf Gradually From Whole to Skim Milk When the calf is from two to four weeks old. whole milk can be replaced gradually with skim milk. The exact time of the starting of the change will depend upon the condition of the calf. Upon the first day of th* change, replace one-half to one pound of the whole milk with an equal amount of the skim milk. The second day a like substitution will bo made, and so on each day, jinttl th* calf Is receiving nothing but skim milk. This makes for a gradual change and no 111 result's will follow. The skim milk will be increased in amount as the calf grows In size and gets older. When the calf is about six weeks old It should be receiving about Wl pounds of skim milk dally. The skim milk feeding of the calf may be continued until the calf is from 8 to 10 months old. Calves may be weaned younger than this If it is necessary, but it would be much better If the feeding of the skim milk could coatinue until the calf Is 8 or 10 month* old—Extension Service, Colorado Ag ricultural college. Depraved Appetites of L Cows May Be Dangerous Pregnant cows are apt to chew and swallow all manner of foreign sub stances. Including rags, bones, leather, bark, dirt, crockery, paper, and even clothes off the line. This vice usually subsides after calving, but In many more instances, all of the cattle in th* herd seem to have the same bad.habit It may prove dangerous or fatal in some cases, for where vines, nails, ot other sharp objects are swallowed they tend to penetrate the wall of the second stomach, diaphragm and sac ol the heart, causing traumatic pericar dltis. Be careful not to let wires froa tags or sacks get into the feed ot where cattle can get at them. Wire brushes sometimes used to scrub out feed troughs and mangers ar* alss dangerous and have caused many fatal attacks of the disease mentioned. Do praved appetite, or pica as It is technically called, and constant licking and smacking the tongue and lips, are, as a rule, the evidence* of lndige*tio* due to Incomplete or unsuitable rations. DAIRY NOTES It’s as unprofitable to overfeed * poor cow as to underfeed a good on* • • • Cows need as tnueh care for tin rummer as for the winter, only of t different nature. • • • The milk pall and other containers have been found to be the greater* source of contamination. • • • Cows will do best if allowed as mud green feed as they can handle. Oautioz should always be taken that they d« not gorge themselves when they are unaccustomed to green feed. • • • Dairy animals relish green sweet corn exceedingly. It has wonderful qualities for sustaining milk flow ia hot weather. The average production of the dairy cows of this country can be increased fully 20 per cent through a better sye tern of feed and care. • ♦ • Use great care in milking, to Insure against bam flavors which usually get Into the cream through careless meth ods in milking, which allow dirt ts drop into the milk. • • • Ayrshires are a good breed of dairy cattle, both for milk and butterfat pro duction. In weight th* cows vary from 000 to 1,300 pounds. After a heifer has had her first calf she I* naturally more nervoui than usual and she must be handled as gently as possible. Average production of dairy court in the United State* 1* 3,412 pounds of milk per cow per year. In It is 7,585 pounds, Swltsmrland, 6,ttH pounds and Denmark) 5,008 poud*.