The Syracuse Journal, Volume 6, Number 44, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 26 February 1914 — Page 4

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The War Fifty Years Ago General Jndson Kilpatrick's Cavalry Raid to Richmond. The Raiders Held Up at the Outer Defenses—Confederates Everywhere Alert—Detachment Led by Colonel Ulric Dahlgren Meets With Disaster —Dahlgren Killed In Ambush—Atrocious Schemes Alleged and Repudiated—Daring Night Exploit of Lieutenant W. B. Cushing, Who Later Destroyed the Ram Al-bemarle---Invades Quarters of Confederate General.

Ky Cspt. CL :>RGE L. KILMER. Late U. a V. ON March 1, lSt>L General Jiulson Kilpatrick’s famous dash on Richmond with a band of cavalry came to a finish at the gates of the Coufederate capita 1 on the James. The ultimate object of the raid was to circulate within the enemy’s lines a certain amnesty proclamation of President Lincoln’s and to release by force the Federal captives in Libby prison. Kilpatrick rode out from the camps of the Army of the Potomac on the Kapldan the 2Stli of February, believing that he had a clear course to Richmond, sixty miles away. The real defenders of Richmond, the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Robert E. Lee, also lay along the Rapidan, and by a clever maneuver the cavalry of that

Copyright by Review of Reviews. GENERAL JUDSON KILPATRICK, U. S. A., AND COLONEL ULRIC DAHLGREN, U. S. A., LEADERS OF RAID ON RICHMOND.

army was thrown off the trail and the raiders were soon galloping on the high road to their goal. After swinging clear of the Confederate flanks, which he passed on his ride, Kilpatrick divided his column and sent Colonel Ulric Dahlgren ahead to make a wide circuit across the James river and come in on the rear of Richmond, while he himself led the attack on the east front of the city direct. Dahlgren had 500 picked men. This was the most hazardous part of the enterprise—namely, to cross James river above Richmond, move down the south bank and attack the defenses in that quarter at 10 a. m. March I. The main column, numbering 3,000 soldiers, led by Kilpatrick himself in person, would attack from the north at the 6ame hour. Held TTp by Barricades. Although the raiders got clear of the entangled lines along the Rapidan without detection by the Confederates, ‘ their movements were soon discovered. General Wade Hampton’s cavalry division was strung out along the roads leading from Lee’s camps on the Rapidan to Richmond, and one of his bri« gade commanders. General Bradley T. Johnson, telegraphed news of the raid to Richmond and set out in hot chase with a few Maryland troopers, following the whole distance, but one da f behind Kilpatrick’s column. Kilpatrick found the Confederates in Richmond alert, with extra troops at the barricades. However, he boldly attacked the works, according to his promise to Dahlgren. After lingering B}| day March 1 peap £fie dt? WifiWWi hearing the sound of Dahlgren's guns . in the rear beyond the James river he j retired a few miles, intending to renew the attack on the next morning. That night his own camp was attacked by Bradley Johnson and his {roopeys, with pfhers pf JJamptpn’s squadrons, and be was driven from the position after a plucky battle. Next morning he est put with bib full fcqce ftp a down the peninsula. This removed from the field the heaviest pars Q# the raiding column and Dahlgren surrounded by enemies^ The work eut out for Colonel Dahl* gren in the raiding attack on Richmond was carried forward as far as it depended upon the daring of leader j and men. The little detapbfneht was pf fcravq troopers, among them five companies pf the First Maine pavalry, a most galignt bend of horseback fighters, The raiders crossed the North Anna and South Anna rivers, cut the railroad to Richmond in the rear of Lee’s army and, dashing on to James river, destroyed a long of the canal. Dahlgren Caught In Ambush. A negro guide who had been secured ' u> lead the way to a ford over the

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James river failed to keep his promise and, although within five miles of Richmond, the party could do nothing, as it was not in communication with Kilpatrick. The night of March 1, when the force under Kilpatrick was fighting with Johnson, the two bands of raiders were only twelve miles apart. Under cover of night Dahlgren set out to retreat and was on the march when Kilpatrick was fighting Johnson. Dahlgren divided his force and himself took the lead with half his men. The noise of the daring raid had aroused the country through which the riders passed and Dalhgren, taking as he did the back track on Kilpatrick’s old course, presumably to bailie any Confederates who might be following Kilpatrick, rushed into a region swarming with enemies. In the counties of King and Queen, through which he

passed, there were some home guards and furloughed men, with scattered bands of cavalry belonging to the army. In the last named class was Lieutenant James Pollard of the Ninth Virginia cavalry, who was at home on a furlough. Learning by accident of Dahlgren’s approach, Pollard aroused the home guards and furloughed men and planned to intercept the Yankees. Other furloughed officers and home guards joined in with Pollard and laid an ambush. At a point near the village of Walkertown they placed 150 men under cover, with orders not to fire until the raiders came close up.

Without a suspicion ot danger, Damgteu’a men. the leader at the front, Ifltd the ambush, and the ehalleoge “Halt!” rang out on the night air. Pahlgren answered by a threat, and |he commander of the Confederate outlet hmtantly gave the order to fire. At the first volley Dahlgren fell dead. His men were surrounded and held up until daylight, when the whole party surrendered, Atrocious Schemes Alleged. Among the papers found on Dahlpen, as'reported by , Pollard, was one bearing his signature and purporting to be instructions to his mem It read in part: “We hope to release the prisoners from Belle Isle first, and, having seen them fairly started, we will cross the dames river Into Richmond, destroying the bridges after us and exhorting the released prisoners to destroy and bum the hated city and do hot allow the rebel leader Paris and his cabinet to escaped*

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Another document, not signed, declared: “Once in the city it must be destroyed and Jeff Davis and his cabinet killed. Pioneers will go along with combustible material.” General Lee sent photographic copies of these papers to General George Q. Meade, his opponent on the Rapidan line, asking if the acts named in them had been authorized by the Federal authorities. The reply was that neither the Federal government nor the army commander nor General Kilpatrick had “authorized, or approved the burning of the city of "Richmond and the killing of Mr. Davis and Ills cabinet nor any act not required by military necessity and in accordance with the usages of war.” Kilpatrick also made a sweeping denial. The Confederate authorities had good reasons for being nervous over the captive officers in Libby prison. The night of Feb. 9 109 officers, including eleven colonels and seven majors, had escaped through a tunnel constructed with wonderful ingenuity and exhaustive labor. Sixty or more reached the Federal lines, some were retaken promptly, and a few were hiding within the Confederate lines when Kilpatrick’s columns approached Richmond. Cushing In a Night Exploit. Feb. 28, ISO!, was the date of one of Lieutenant W. B. Cushing's famous exploits In Cape Fear river. North Carolina. With twenty sailors in two boats be pulled past Fort Caswell and the Confederate batteries at Bald Head, in the mouth of the river, and landed ut Smithfield, where the Confederate headquarters were located. Hiding his boats and their crews within twenty-five yards of a battery, he went with two men to the house occupied by General Louis Robert Hebert, passing through the main street of the town. Near the house were 1,200 enemies sleeping in their barracks. It was past midnight before the house grew still and lights were put out. Cushing left his comrades on the porch and, entering the unbolted door, crept upstairs to the general’s room, which had been located for him by a negro familiar with the house. With his hand on the door he was startled by a crash below and a cry from one of his men. Springing down the steps, he found that his comrades in overconfidence had alarmed the adjutant general. who hoisted a window and then brought it down on a Federal revolver which looked him in the face. Cushing leaped into the room with a lighted taper and dragged from bed a dazed sleeper, who proved to be Hebert's chief engineer, Captain Kelley. From him he gleaned that the general, like Lord Erskine during the “Battle of the Kegs,” was lodging away from home. The adjutant general had fled through a back door after encountering the revolver at the window, leaving the drowsy captain a.-> the next best substitute for the more distinguished prisoner to grace the admiral's board next morning. The headquarters desks were rifled of papers and plans, and while the alarm sounded through the camp and the drums beat the long roll in the forts Cushing and party, with Captain Kelley under guard, were in the middle of the river dropping down stream as noiselessly as they came. When Hebert reached his quarters it was to meet a messenger bringing from a flag of truce the following: My Dear General—l deeply regret that you were not home when I called. I inclose my card. Very respectfully, W. B, CUSHING. Cushing's Nerve. Cushing was not at that date a stranger to the North Carolina waters, neither a tyro in “deeds of derring do.”

In the restless and venturous career of the future hero of the Albemarle this feat was merely an episode. It was undertaken in a spiait of bravado to prove to his chief that a certain plan he was maturing, still more hazardous and of greater importance in a military sense, was feasible. The Federal fleet commander under whom Cushing served having expressed his doubt as to the wisdom of the plan because of fts seeming impossibility, the lieutenant declared that he would bring the Confederate general of the district on board to breakfast with the admiral. Cushing’s nerve at the trying moment of execution was always equal to his boldness in planning, and this combination of traits was just the service needed in the peculiar warfare of the North Carolina waters. A few weeks before the raid on General Hebert he had passed over the same route in a cutter with two officers and fifteen men. gliding by the forts and camp without discovery.

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