The Syracuse Journal, Volume 6, Number 43, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 19 February 1914 — Page 4

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The War Fifty Years Ago General Sherman's Slow March Toward Meridian, Miss. A Cavalry Column Moving to Support Sherman Is Delayed by Dad Ro^ds —Sherman Narrowly Escapes Capture—Arriving at Meridian, He Begins a Work of Destruction—Railroads and Mills Given Over to Wreck and Fire—Fortunes of General Seymour's Expedition In Florida-—Confederates Rally Promptly to Defeat It—Daring Escape From Libby Prison.

ByCapt. G-OR.GE L. KILMER. Ute V. 5. V. IN January, 1864, General W. T. Sherman arranged with General U. S. Grant for an expedition from Vicksburg to Meridian, Miss., with 20,000 infantry under his own command and a co-operating cavalry expedition, 7,000 mounted men and twenty pieces of artillery, under the command of General W. Sooy Smith, chief of cavalry on General Grant's staff. This cavalry force was ordered to start from Collierville, east of Memphis, on the Ist of February, and to join Sherman at Meridian as near the 10th as possible, destroying public property and supplies and the Mobile and Ohio railroad from Okolona south. Sherman's orders to Smith were: “Attack any force of cavalry you may meet and follow them south. *, * * Do not let the enemy draw you into minor affairs, but look solely to the greater object—to destroy his commu-

x'.Q,... Copyright by Patriot Publishing company. GENERAL SAM JONES, C. S. A., CONFEDERATE COMMANDER IN FLORIDA. AND GENERAL J. R. HAWLEY, IT. S. A., LEADER OF A FEDERAL BRIGADE IN SEYMOUR’S FLORIDA EXPEDITION.

ideations from Okolona to Meridian and than east toward Selma.” Reference was made to previous verbal instructions covering all points. Sherman left Vicksburg with his force Feb. 3 and reached Meridian on the 14th. General Smith’s command comprised three brigades of cavalry—first, Colonel George E. Waring’s; second. Colonel W. P. Hepburn’s; third, Colonel Lafayette McCrillis’—and a battalion of the Fourth United States cavalry, commanded by Captain C. S. Bowman. The heavy rains had made the country roads nearly impassable. There was a little skirmishing with the vanguard of General N. B. Forrest’s cavalry. Sherman’s Night Adventure. On the night of Feb. 12 General Sherman, then approaching Meridian, narrowly escaped capture by a roaming band of Confederate troopers, who dashed at a passing wagon train in the hopes of finding some Federal rations to appease hunger. Sherman stopped at a log farmhouse and ordered supper. While the meal was being prepared he lay down and fell asleep. Before the call to supper he was startled from his dreams by loud hallooing and pistol shots close to the bouse. Hurrying outside, the general saw some wagons passing down the road on a run, chased by desperate horsemen, who recklessly fired pistol balls in all directions. There were no friendly troops In sight, and Sherman gathered his headquarters clerks and orderlies and was preparing to get them into a convenient corncrib for defense when one of his regiments, which had marched on ahead, came back at double quick to rescue the endangered chief. The armed escort of the wagons had made a good fight in defense of the train, thus keeping the assailants so deeply engrossed that they overlooked the great prize at hand. It is amusing to think of the doughty warrior running for cover to a humble corncrib. After the night adventure Sherman kept his force well in hand in anticipation of meeting the Confederate infantry in battle. The army marched forward toward Meridian on a single road. Meeting no opposition, it reached there the 14th and began a work of destruction which continued for five days. Sherman wrote in his official report of the expedition: “Ten thousand men worked hard with axes, crowbars, sledges, claw bars and with fire, and I have no hesitation In pronouncing the Work well done. Meridian, with its depots, storehouses, ar-

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senal, hospitals, offices, hotels and cantonments, no longer exists.’’ Given to Wreck and Eire. Not Meridian alone, but adjacent stations wore given. over to wreck and fire. The raiders moved east, north and south of Meridian, compassing the destruction in all of 115 miles of track, slxty-one bridges and culverts, nineteen locomotives, twenty-eight cars, besides water tanks, cotton warehouses, mills and various public and commercial buildings. The destruction of railroads became an art with the Federals in the last years of the war. The plan used by Sherman was to send out a body of 3.000 soldiers, divided into sections of 1,000 men each. The men of the first section line up along the track, and at a signal each man seizes a tie and. all lifting together, reverse the ties and rails completely, then pass on to another stretch of track. Section No. 2 of the working party then marches to the track. Each man

loosens a tie from the rails and carries it to a pile for burning. The rails are then placed on top of the ties and the pile set on fire. The second section of workers then passes on to another stretch, and the third section, with the aid of the fire, thoroughly destroys the rails. Only the middle of the rail is exposed to the flames, and when this part Is at white heat the men seize the ends with railroad hooks and give a double twist to the yielding middle part, rendering the rail useless except after recasting and rolling. The Campaign a Puzzle. Taken all in all, the Meridian campaign has always been a puzzle to military men. Sherman deemed it worth while to deny in his memoirs that he had Intended at the time to go to Mobile and in not going there from Meridian had failed in accomplishing the objects in view when the column left Vicksburg. Said he: “I never had the remotest idea of going to Mobile, but had purposely given out that idea to deceive the enemy and divert their attention. The object of the Meridian expedition .was to strike the roads inland, so to paralyze the enemy that we could take from the defense of the Mississippi river the equivalent of 20,000 men to be used in the next Georgia campaign, and this was actually done. At the same time I wanted to destroy General Forrest, who, with an irregular force of cavalry, was constantly threatening Memphis and the river above, as well as our routes of supply In middle Tennessee. In this we failed utterly.” Seymour’s Florida Expedition. The incursion into Florida of General Truman Seymour’s Federal command the first week in February bad led' to a gathering of Confederates to thwart it. General Sam Jones commanded the Confederate department, which included Florida, and General Joseph Finegan the district threatened by Seymour. When Seymour landed at Jacksonville on Feb. 7 Finegan summoned by wire aid from Savannah and Charleston. On the 10th he had about 500 troops at Lake City, a point about six-ty-five miles from Jacksonville. On that date General Seymour’s mounted troops, led by Colonel Guy V. Henry, were approaching from the east. On the 10th Colonel Henry continued his advance. An advance guard was sent forward to see if Finegan’s troops were lu position to defend the south fork of the St. Mary’s river, while the remainder of the force cautiously followed. Confederates in small force were found defending the fork, when a

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skirmish ensued, in which four were killed on the Federal side and thirteen, wounded. Two Confederates wey killed ami three wounded, when th|y fled to the wo kli;. Their force was about ISO men. At 6 p. m. Colonel Henry reached Sanderson, forty miles from Jacksonville. The place had been abandoned by Cie Confederates. On the 11th the command encamped five miles from Lake City, which was held by Confederates, but evacuated during the night. This was unknown to Colonel Henry, and os he was without infantry he retraced his steps to Sanderson. Seymour Risks Defeat. Telegraphic communication was established between Jacksonville and Baldwin, and General Q. A. Gillmore, Seymour’s superior, who was at Jacksonville, sent instructions to Seymour not to risk a repulse in advanting upon Lake City, but to hold Sanderson unless there were reasons for falling back; also in case his advance met with serious opposition to concentrate at Sanderson and the south fork of the St. Mary’s. On the 13th General Seymour was further instructed to concentnite at Baldwin without delay. Seymour’s column comprised the small cavalry brigade led by Colonel Henry and three infantry brigades under Geueral J. R. Hawley, Colonel W. B. Barton and Colonel James Montgomery. Finding that neither Baldwin nor Sanderson was well situated for defense, Seymour decided to push farther westward and risk battle with what he supposed vastly inferior numbers. In his estimate of the foe Seymour was mistaken, for on the day when Gillmore’s instructions reached him Flnegan had approximately 6,000 men in position around Ocean pond, on the Olustee river, midway between Sanderson and Lake City. • Ponds and lakes abounding in the region offered advantages of defense. Flnegan immediately began to fortify against the advancing Federals. Trenches were dug between the lakes so as to form a continuous line fronting east Meanwhile Seymour prepared to advance despite the remonstrances of his subordinate officers. It was pointed out to him that he would be fifty or sixty miles from his base at Jacksonville with only a rickety single track railroad as a means of communication. Nevertheless he believed it to be his duty to go ahead, Gillmore had sailed from Jacksonville for Hilton Head. S. C., and could not be consulted without long delay. Jailbreak From Libby Prison. During the night of Feb. 9-10, 1864, a body of Federal officers confined as prisoners of war in Libby prison, Richmond, accomplished one of the most daring escapes in the history of the civil conflict. To the number of 109 the captives, representing all grades from lieutenant to colonel, made their exit through a tunnel. About sixty of the number reached the Federal army lines; the remainder were captured sooner or later, some in the streets or suburbs of the Confederate capital, others in the woods and mountains of Virginia. The great Libby tunnel was devised by Colonel T. E. Rose of the SeventyCopyright by Patriot Publishing company. OENEBAL WILLIAM SOOY SMITH, V. B. A., LEADEB OF FEDEBAL CAVALBY IN MISSISSIPPI. seventh Pennsylvania infantry. Armed with a jackknife and chisel, with the assistance of a brother officer, Rose cut a manhole through a stone chimney in the kitchen basepient of the prison. Through this several men dropped into the cellar. There, with improvised tools, after tedious labor they cut a hole through the stone base of the structure. After that sixty feet of tunnel large enough to pass a man had to be dug in order to clear the line of prison guards. All the work was done between 10 p. in. and 4 a. m. The dirt was put into a small wooden box used in the daytime as a cuspidor and hoisted into the prison, where it was spread in thin layers beneath the straw covering of the floor, thus eluding the eyes of prison inspectors. The work was accomplished in fifty-one days. The exit was into an empty shed beyond the guard lines. When the band went out Colonel A. D. Straight, the raider, who was a large man, stuck fast at the exit and was extricated with difficulty. He went free and was in Washington within five days. Colonel Rose and his companion in bursting through the kitchen wall were retaken within a short time and returned to Libby.

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