The Syracuse Journal, Volume 4, Number 40, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 1 February 1912 — Page 2

Syracuse Journal J W. •- CONNOLLY, Publisher. SYRACUSE INDIANA ON DISTRIBUTION OF GERMS Results of Interesting Experiments With Microscopic Organisms Made' Recently in France. Some interesting experiments have recently been made by Gaston Bonnier, together with Matrucbot and Combes, with regard to the distribution of microscopic germs in the air. The air to be tested was sucked by means of an aspirator through a glass vessel containing a suitable nutrient solution, so that the germs could develop rapidly. If tht temperature sank below 20 degrees, says Umschau, the solutica solidified. It was possible not onty to count the organisms which developed, but also to make a systematic observation of their development and photograph them. The nutrient solution employed was prepared from potatoes, carrots and similar materials. The flora of vegetable organisms obtained varied according to the locality and according to the nature of the culture medium (nutrient solution) employed. Fifty liters of air taken from the ■wood of the high land of Fontainebleau produced on carrots 1809 colonies, on beet preparation 336. and in lemon preparation no colonies. On the contrary, at an open, rocky spot in the forest., the lemon culture also showed numerous colonies. Great differences were also observed between samples taken from different points at equal levels and with the same nutrient solution. Thus, for instance, in one case, a sample collected at a considerable distance from the forest showed 51, a sample from the skirts of the forest 120, and one from the heart of the forest 13,600 fungus germs. The number of organisms decreased very rapidly as the height above the sea level increased, a fact which had long been observed with regard to bacteria by Pasteur and others. Fungus germs in particular also decreased rapidly with Increasing height; thus, 50 liters of air from the Alps of the Dauphine, at a height of 260 meters, showed 226 fungi and 41 bacteria. A ■ample from a height of 1020 meters showed 184 fungi and 2 bacteria; from 1125 meters, 170 fungi and no bacteria; from 2190 meters, 64 fungi and no bacteria. Snow collected asceptlcally at a height of 2860 meters developed numerous fungus colonies. Back Number. A friend went to Justice Harlan at one time to submit a list of names for trustees of an organization of which he was president and arranged according to their position and prominence in the official and the social world. The justice scanned the list critically and then inquired in his deep gutteral tones: “Who prepared this list?” . The friend, answered, “The president’s somal/ secretary in part, and then he BOTb-ipe to” —here the friend i gave him the name of a man promi- ; nent in one of the great departments : of the government, who may be called , Halifax.—“ Mr. Halifax.” “Halifax!" thundered the justice, i “What did you go to see him for? He I has been dead for over thirty years.” Schoois Adopt Film Shows. Already private schools are install- ' Ing moving picture machines. A new ■ public school building in Connecticut 1 has a special motion picture hall at- I tached. And elsewhere the attention ; of educators is turning seriously to ■ this new weapon of instruction. The I University of Wisconsin, however, has gone a step further, arid has taken definite measures to incorporate the moving picture machine into its edu- } cational extension work. —Munsey’s. I “Him and Her” Stamps. Never had there been such a commotion in the little flat. And the most excited person present was the sister of a young mother who had just presented her husband with twins. Auntie was wildly delighted at being ■untie in a double sense, and off she rushed to the postofflce for stamps to spread the great tidings. “Stamps!” she jerked, as she reached the counter and flung down her money. “How many, miss?" politely inquired the clerk. “Two!" she cried joyously. •'What kind?” “A boy and a girl," she returned rapturously, as she bade him hurry. What Living Well Means. There Is a difference between living well and living profusely. The one arises from contentment and order, and decency and frugality; the other from dissoluteness and luxury, and disorder and Indecency. In short, to the one belongs true praise, to the other censure. If, therefore, you would live well, do not seek to be praised for profuaeness. —Epictetus. A Barometer. ‘•Bliggtns’ friendship seems to flatter you.” i Tt" doesn’t flattor me,” said the cynical statesman. Wut It encourages me. He is one of tiose people who never trouble themselves to be affable , except to those who are regarded as Mabie to have some pull." Doing His Best. "Have you forgotten that |5 you ■we me?” "By no means. Didn’t you see me gry to dodge into that hallways

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HE Indian girl is progressing in accordance with the example set by her white sisters. Indeed, it is a question whether the Indian girls are not. in many respects, advancing more rapidly than their prototypes among the palefaces. However, it must not be Inferred that the present-day trend of culture Snd education and progress among the Indian girls is a parallel as to aims and purposes with that which prevails among herfaircomplexioned cousins Quite the

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i contrary, as a matter of tact. For instance, it ! may be cited that, generally speaking, the Indian I girls of the present give tar less thought to ! fashions in dress than do feminine members of ! the white race Similarly they are not exercised over suffrage and they do not place such stress j on the development of musical accomplishments. But, on the contrary, the twentieth century in- | dian girls are devoting their energies to a mas- : tery of cookery and sewing and the other essenj flats of successful home-making t© which, in the j estimation of some old-fashioned folks, the white girls of the period are giving all too little atten- , tion. At the same time, many of the red-skin I belles are not content to ignore the social accom- ’ pllshments which are supposed to enhance the at- | tractiveness of modern young women. Accord- • Ingly at the Indian School at Carlisle. Fa., and I other large Institutions of this kind we find the I daughters of the forest crowding the classes in music, painting, drawing, dancing, modern athletics, etc., and even behold these descendants of the savages developing marked dramatic ability i In amateur theatrical entertainments of various kinds. Every person is forced to admit of the wisdom md benefits of the "white man’s education’’ tor I some Indians. The remarkable life stories of | some of the self-made Indians who have, after acquiring the white man's book learning, adopted the white man’s mode of lite, amply attest the success of the transformation in individual cases. There is, however, and perhaps always will be a difference of opinion as to the wisdom' of attempting to fix the Anglo-Saxon standards for the entire rising generation of Americas native tribes. Oddly enough there seems to be more widespread belie* in such a policy tor the Indian girls than for the young men of the tepees. We say, oddly, because when new conditions have confronted an uncivilized or semi-civilized people it has usually been the men who have accustomed themselves to the new order ot things more readily than the women, in the case of most Indian clans, however, the women have pi oven more amenable to the exactions ot the ‘new life wherein seems to lie the only salvation of the entire Indian life. Various reasons have been advanced in explanation of this, one ot the most plausible being that it has not been as difficult for the Indian girl to forego such pleasures as she enjoyed In her old lite as it has been tor the young brave to foresake the excitement of the chase and the care-free nomadic life and to settle down in a fixed habitation with the irksome monotony of the white man's life. Also, it is impossible to overlook the influence exerted by the example of the considerable number of Indian women who have married white settlers to Oklahoma and other parts ot the west. Even at the outset of her career In the conventional environment of the age the Indian girl has many advantages over her brother who completes'his education at the same fine, it not infrequently happens that a young man of Indian blood graduates with honors from some Indian school only to find no opportunities awaiting mm commensurate with his ability. Small wonder that to some instances the young men revert to the Weals and mode of life of tnelr forefather*. The Indian girl, on the other band, can be sure that when she finishes a school course lhai include* domestic economy there is a place

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awaiting her. She will" never Have any difficulty in obtaining a well-paid position m domestic service. for the instructors at our Indian schools have more applications than they Can accept trom responsible families eager to secure competent Indian girls as household helpers. Some ot the applicants even suggest the possibility of adopting a young Indian girl it one be found to fulfil expectations. Or, If the Indian girl of the present day, upon completing her education, elect to try tor a liveIhood In some one of the artistic pursuits she seems to have advantages over her brother fully as marked as under the circumstances above mentioned. The Indian brave, in his native state, does not show aptitude tor any form of artistic handicraft unless it be the fashioning of bows and arrows. But the Indian women have traditional skill In bead work, In feather work and In leather work and the Indian women of the southwest have for countless generations excelled to pottery manufacture, in rug weaving and in basket manufacture. When an Indian girl Is enabled to use such talents in accordance with the knowledge of modern art ideals which a school education gives her. it goes without saying that she has ready to hand a very agreeable and very remunerative means of livelihood. School teaching is another vciation which opens to the educated Indian girls a future that is virtually closed to the redskins of the sterner sex There are in the United States a large and constantly Increasing number of Indian schools, — that is, primary grade schools for the education of .the younger Indian children on the reservations, — and it is coming abouT that almost all of the teachers to schools are Indian young women who have qualified for the work at Carlisle or other schools and by courses in normal schools. Indeed the success of great numbers of these young Indian women school teachers in earning their livelihood by :>raln work while so many ot the Indian young men of the period must depend upon manual labor for their earnings emphasizes as' does nothing else the change that has come about to the status of Indian women. It is, under such circumstances, a complete reversal ot conditions over tnose that obtained in the tong ago when the Indian women were compelled to do all of the hard labor, whereas the men were responsible only for the lighter tasks,—or, mayhap, devoted themselves exclusively to warfare and the chase. There is little doubt that one explanation of the success which so many twentieth century i»-

dian girls are making in various fields of endeavor is found in the heritage of good health i which has come to them froto generations of healthful ancestors, and the influence of their i own early training and out-door life. Particularly would this explanation account tor the splendid constitutions possessed by so many Indian girls and which have stood them in good stead m many exacting vocations, for instance, in nursing. Great numbers of Indian girls have qualified as trained nurses arid the services of most of them are In constant demand at SIOO a month. The Indian baby, strapped to a board or securely packed in an elongated basket woven tor i the purpose, can neither kick nor squirm and this ■ proves an advantage which is far-reaching tn it 3 , effect in later life. Similarly is there no danger that the child will attempt to walk at an earlier age than Is desirable. From earliest childhood the average Indian girl has been subjected to that rigorous outdoor life which results in making ■ them almost perfect physically. For Instance, there may be cited the method followed in giving an Indian child a bath, —a weekly event. The mother visits some convenient pool or stream and the young member of the household, after being loosened from her odd cradle, is placed in shallow water to kick and splash to her heart’s content. In due course the dripping youngster is lifted from the water and, instead of being tenderly dried with soft linen, is simply hung to the bough of some convenient tree, by means of a cloth tied around the waist, and there dries tn the air and the sunshine while the mother stands by, looking with approving eyes upon the progress of this heroic hardening process. In the old days the Indian girls accepted at tender age the traditional iot of Indian women — that of pack horse, and ft was nothing unusual In the average Indian camp to see wee girls tolling along with bundles of wood, etc., almost as large as themselves. This condition yet obtains to a considerable extent, although it is not so universal as formerly. ’The capacity of the Indian girls for bard work, however, finds daily exemplification to every walk of life which they have entered. Incidently, it may be mentioned that whatever influence civilization may exert upon the young woman in whose veins courses Indian blood she never seems td lose that love of ornaments und bright colors which characterizes all chilaren of the wilderness and which the Indian girl will let crop out to her latter-day costumes, even though they be fashioned to accordance with the most conventional modm

DEBUTANTES IN LEM 1 11 • Gay Season in Sight for Capital’s Buds, Residential and Military. Washington Society Receives Many Additions to Its Already Large » Colony, and Busy Season Is Seen Ahead; Charity Workers Active. The debutantes of the capital are having things pretty much their own ■ way at present. Residential society has already presented a number of its daughters, who art giving place to the buds from the army and navy circles. A little later tn the season, when the families have ’established themselves in their winter homes, the young women from the congressional contingent will occupy the center of the debutante stage Many affairs are to take place this winter at the Washington navy yard, where Miss Emily Beatty, daughter of the commandant of the navy yard, and Miss Dorothy Taylor, daughter of the naval constructor, will be introduced this week to society by their mothers at the same party. Fort Myer, which lies farther up the Potomac and on the other side of XX ashington. has a number of young worn en who will make their first bows to the fashionable world in the immediate future. Receptions and teas for their own families and friends are not the only matters which are interesting the wives of the officers of the two serv ices of the country just now. Several charitable entertainments are to be g’ven for the benefit of the enlisted men of the army, navy, and marine corps Charitable affairs and benefits of all kinds are unusually numerous this season. It need not be a matter of great surprise if many of the future productions on the stage emanate from the capital, for at least twenty persons are busy at work on as many different plays. It was the "happy inspiration’ of Preston Gibson, president of the Playhouse club, to form the Washington Dramatic club a few days ago Its members include many young people prominent socially in this city The plays will be staged and produced at the matinee performances at the Playhouse, the parts being taken by recruits from society circles Because of the unsettled condition of state affairs in Mexico and of the uncertainty of his tenure of office here the Mexican ambassador has decided not to bring his wife and children to Washington at present. They will continue to reside in Vienna, where Senor Crespo was accredited just before coming to the United States 7 ’ The large family of the ambassador would have been an interesting addition to diplomatic circles here, and disappointment is felt because of their chanse of plans One of the most popular bachelors of the Italian embassy, Nobile Laz zaro dei Marches! Nesrotto Cambiaso. will leave scon- for Rome, and from there to Buenos Aires, temporarily as charge d'affaires. He will then go to Vienna as counselor of the Italian embassy. a post which he has fiEed in this country. Marches! Negrotto is of the old Roman type, and his family occnnies one of the ancient palaces which top the hills surrounding Genoa This diplomat is not rs formidable as his « name*would indicate. SHIP’S SHOT TEACHES LESSON. A valuable lesson for use in war has been drawn by naval experts from the report’ tht the dreadnaught Deta ware, through mistake, fired at the repair ship Panther instead of the old battleship San Marcos in the ordnance experiments in Chesapeake recently The fact that the Delaware lost its target and pointed its gun at a vessel anchored 1,500 yards from the San Marcos demonstrates, it is asserted, that a ship in battle will not be able to center its fire upon any particular vessel of the enemy at the great range at which any future combats will be waged, say 16,000 yards However carefully a commander may draw his plans, they may go awry if he endflnvors to matep ship to ship of the opposing forces, ’whenever an enemy’s fleet appears upon the borizor, some experts contend, the warships must open fire upon any and all of them The reported mistake of the Delaware has served to increase the apprehension which Invariably pervades the navy department during the target practice period—that some serious mishap may mar the exercises. While there have been many narrow escapes in rhe *sast, there has never been an accident to a naval dr merchant vessel through lack of precaution or misdirected fire. The Atlantic fleet is now off the Chesapeake capes demolishing targets. Extraordinary care Is being taken to see that merchant steamers are kept out of range. Probably within a year the battleship Connecticut. America’s most famous flagship, will surrender the banner of Rear-Admiral Hugo Osterhaus, commander in chief of the Atlantic fleet, to the dreadnaught Wyoming, which baa been selected for the signal distinction of being flagship of the navy’s real force. The Connecticut ■ was the flagship of the fleet on the famous cruise around the world. From her deck first Rear-Admiral Evans and later Rear-Admiral Sperry directed the course of the battleships In the unprecedented voyage. Because at ibis

honor must sentiment aurrounti? the Connecticut, and it is with reluctance that the naval officials have decided to displace her as the flagshrp of the battleship fleet. As the Wyoming will have a displacement of 26.000 tons, or 10.004 tons’greater than that of the Connecticut. the secretary of the navy has concluded lhat the latter will be so far outclassed that she must give way to her mightier sister. While the Delaware, North Dakota. Utah and Florida all are larger than the Ccn necticut, the difference is not sufficient to cause a change in the flagship. The Wyoming and its twin, the Arkansas, will be the greatest vessels afloat. According to the present schedule the Wyoming will be finished July 2. 1912, and the Arkansas April 10. that year. They will be commissioned and ready for active service a few months later. REINDEER MEAT NEXT. Reindeer meat from Alaska may be a food common to the American table in the near future to supplement the i dwindlinglheef supply. This was the opinion expressed by William F. Lopp, in charge of the government’s reindeer service, who has just returned f rom a 14.000-mile tour of inspection through Alaska on behalf of the United States bureau of education, which administers the reindeer in the north ern peninsula. “A commercial shipment of reindeer meat, the first made into this country, has just been received at Seattle.” said Mr. Lopp. “In 25 years from now at the ,present rate of increase there should be 3.000.090 prime beef reindeer in Algska on which the people of this country can depend for much of their flesh diet. ‘ln taste reindeer meat is a cross betweeh mutton and beeff but more palatable than either. Reindeer can be raised more cheaply than cattle, because they will thrive on wastes so barren that even goats would starve there. There are 400.000 square miles of frozen- tundra in Alaska, fit for nothing else, but which as reindeer ranches would provide abundant pasturage for 10,000.000 of the animals “Reindeer raising,” Mr. Lopp explained, “was Introduced into .Alaska about 20 years ago by the government, originally as a benevolent and educational enterprise, to raise the civilization of the natives from the hunting to the pastoral stage. There are 33,000 of the animals which 20,000 belong to the natives.” BANKS MAKE GAINS. The general business of the country, as reflected in banking operations, was\“quite satisfactory” during the year, according to the report of Lawrence O Murray, comptroller of the currency. Mr. Murray records a steady growth in the voltime of business and the establishment of some high records in this connection. He points out. however, that while augmenting some of the important elements of banking during the year business did not reach the average of increase for the last ten years. The comptroller makes the startling declaration that “the dishonest practice by officers of national banks of receiving personal compensation for loans made by the bank is a growing evil and has already reached such proportions as to call for criminal legislation on the subject.” Mr Murray # urges that the taking of money or other valuables in this conner-tion by a bank officer be made an offense punishable by imprisonotnent iti the penitentiary. The aggregate amount of assess of , the national banks increased during the year approximately 218.000,. or 5.63 per cent. Loans and discounts increased only 3.59 per cent in the face of an average ten-year increase of 6.52 per centIndividual deposits reached the highest point in history Sept. 1 last, $5,489,995,011. This high record however. was an increase of ou'v 6 69 per cent over the previous year, as com-" pared with a teri-year average of 7 49. The banking power of the nation, including the operations of every bank—national, state and private—is estimated at $21,334,456,790. an increase during tTe year of over 13 per cent. The total banking capital is estimated at $2,032,411,085 and ttyp. total individual deposits at $16,514,730,351. FLOATED OYSTERS UNDER BAN,* Oysters floated in brackish water for fattening purposes hereafter will be considered as adulterated under the pure food and drug act, according to a decision by the pure food board. The decision will not be final .until signed by Secretary of Agriculture Wilson. Under a decision last year oysters were allowed to be fattened In “water of a less saline content than that in which oysters will ‘ properly mature." It is now held that this expression “is impossible of interpretation.” “The practice of floating oysters and other shellfish.” the deeisioa adds, “results in their adulteration by the addition of water. It is found also that floating gives to the oystert and other shell fish a fictitious appearance, resulting tn the deception of the consumer. Moreover, the water in which they are floated being of tower salt content than the water ia which they were grown, is usually to th* mouth of streams or artificial inlets, surrounded by house*, and ia atmosd invariably polluted.” Under the previous decision oysters floated in water less salty than that in which they grew had to h* "floated oystors."