The Syracuse Journal, Volume 4, Number 32, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 7 December 1911 — Page 6

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RESIDENT Tart’s word of hope that the Panama canal may be opened for traffic two years earlier than the time tentatively set by Chief Engineer George W. Goethals seems to have redirected the attention of the people to the marvelous (word, used advisedly) progress of the isthmian venture since the time when it was finally definitely determined that a waterway was to be opened through Panama and not through its sister

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State, Nicaragua. Former President Roosevelt recently has defended Vigorously his action in the case of the recognition

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of the independence of Panama, an “overnight proceeding’’ which made it possible for the United States to enter into a treaty with the twelve hour old republic which would allow operations to begin at once. Colombia has not yet forgiven us for giving the Panamans recognition. Mr. Roosevelt said that if Panama had continued under the rule of Colombia the canal ■till would be a dream, for the Colombians simply temporized with us and acted as if they thought that In seeking the ■trip of land for

canal purposes, the United States had malevolent territorial designs toward all Central and South

America. No one had any conception that progress on the canal would be as rapid as it has proved to be. Much more time was spent in talking prior to the beginning of operations than has been spent since in digging. Now that it is long in the past, the country is perhaps forgetful, but it may be of interest to remember that for many weary months the congress of the United States gave Itself over to debate, discussions and even bickerings upon the relative values of two routes for the waterway, the Nicaraugan route and the Panama route. Senator Morgan of Alabama, who died a few years ago, was an advocate of the Nicaraugan route. He w r as an old man at the time that he undertook, to voice sentiment and argument on behalf of the more northern waterway. He worked night and day, studying the questions involved from every possible viewpoint and the long speeches which he made on the matter in hand were written almost entirely by his own hand He was indefatigable in labor, and what he did on behalf of the Nicaraugan route and on behalf of the waterway scheme generally is best tdld In the words of Senator Jonathan F. Dolliver of lowa Dolliver, like Morgan, is dead. The lowan was in favor of the Panama route, while the Alabaman was in favor of the Nicaraugan route The two men were opposed to each other politically, but they were personal friends. When bitter disappointment came to Morgan in the final defeat of the Nicaraugan project, Dolliver rose in his seat and paid this tribute to his aged colleague : “He stands here in his old age, one of the historic figures connected with this canal controversy. He may not be the man who began the discussion, but for nearly a generation he has kept it up. No man has ever exhibited within our knowledge any such marvelous industry, energy and sagacity as he has put into the argument for the Nicaraugan canal. Day and night he has labored, not with the assistance-of others, but personally, often with pen writing the speeches which have become the chief part of the agitation w hich haa resulted in unifying public sentiment in the United Suites in favor of the canal. “I regret more than I eßn say that he was disappointed in his own personal ambition in respect to the route that finally was chosen, but that does not prevent me from adding that long after the little controversies of this hour are forgotten, his name will be connected in Immortal reputation with the Isthmian canal, wherever it is built.’ Few people probably have forgotten the first attempts of President Roosevelt and Secretary of War Taft to secure the service of a civilian engineer who would stick at his post until the Panama canal was dug. Three great engineers, one after another, resigned their positions as engineers-in-chlef. It is perhaps useless to discuss the causes winch led to the resignations of the civilian engineers. All sorts of stories were told, from the fear of yellow fever to inability to maintain* discipline in the working forces. It is probable that one engineer’s ears tingled for a long time with the rebuke which was given him by Secretary of War Taft, who is now the president of the United

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States. It was one of the severest scorings ever given a public official.

Probably the country does not know the inside history connected with the final employment of army engineers to build the Panama canal. The engineer corps of the army at the outset thought that it should be given charge of the canal work, but Influential civilians brought pressure to bear on the administration on behalf of engineers in civil life. It was said by certain civilians of prominence that the army was not accustomed to handling great business propositions and that no army engineer ever had done a work of anything like the magnitude of the one proposed. There were all sorts of attempts to ' belittle the engineering work of the army. This sort of thing had its effect, although it is probable that it was' with considerable reluctance that the administration disappointed. the proper ambition of army engineers to be assigned to the work of canal building. When three civilian engineers, one after another, had given over the work, President Roosevelt and Secretary of War Taft concluded that the time had come to give the army a chance. In effect the president told the secretary that no army officer would desert his post, even by the resignation route, for discipline and inculcated will to do his duty would keep him at the digging until it was finished, until failure had come. Moreover, it was known that no army- officer would flee in the face of yellow fever or in fear of death from any cause Colonel George W. Goethals of the West Point class of 1880 was selected by the secretary of war to take up the work that the civilian engineers had dropped. Colonel Goethals is still at it and success has marked every step of the way. The colonel chose at the outset as two chief assistants, Lieutenant Colonels David D. Gaillard and William L. Sibert, who graduated from the military academy in the class of 1884. Since that time other 2 army officers have been detailed in addition to the three who were first assigned, three who are still working and who hope to be present when the first ship pokes its prow into the completed canal George W. Goethals js a tall, slender man with a firmly knit figure and snow white hair. He has a face remarkably youthful and neither the climate, the hard work nor the anxi eties oFThe Isthmian life have touched his vigor He is a sort of court of last resort in the Isthmus. He travels from place to place on certain days and establishes headquarters for the hearing of complaints. He brings hard, common sense to bear on all kinds of matters, from the settling of a family row to controversies as to seniority in rank of some of the civilian superintendents. Laborers can go to him with complaints of bad food and be sure of a hearing, and also be sure that any kind of a wrong will be righted. He is a sort of a shepherd of the flock, a father of a family of 43.000 children. Colonel Gaillard, who is the engineer in charge of the central division of the work, and Colonel William L. Sibert, enginer in charge of the At lantic division, as has been said, were classmates at West Point. Gaillard’s first name is David When he and Sibert entered the military academy as “plebes” they took a great liking to each other They were chums and confidants all through their cadet course. Sibert is a big man, physically, and the cadets nicknamed him Goliath. Gaillard

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always was called David and so the military academy held a friendly David and Goliath, thereby establishing a better record for amity and friend liness than that contained in the Scriptures. When the army engineerSTwent to Panama to take charge of the work they knew' that in order to make progress with the digging they must have a contented family of laborers. They also knew that they must maintain discipline. In the army discipline is maintained as a matter of course, the men who enlist knowing that they must submit themselves without question to the proper orders of their superiors. The men who w'ork on.the Isthmus of Panama are mostly civilians, and Colonel Goethals and his assistants knew that they would resent anything like army disciplinary methods, even though they were intended for their benefit and would soon prove their worth. Goethals is a most tactful man. With his assistants, he secured army discipline on the Isthmus without allowing the civilians even to appreciate that gradually they were coming under the guidance of rules laid down for men who wear the uniform of the service. The army officers worked at first In a suggestive way. Men were directed to “try” cer---tain things and see how they came out. Trial was made and then other suggestions were made and finally the big working force found that it was living a regular, healthful life with time for regulated recreation, and that it was possible to get pleasure out of existence by other means than by drinking it in. Suggestion rather than command made a disciplined force out of the forty-odd thousand laborers. There probably is not a healthier place on the face of the earth today than the canal strip of the Isthmus of Panama. Colonel William C. Gorgas of the medical department of the United States army is the head of the department of sanitation on the isthmus Under his direction disease virtually has been killed and fear itself has been set at defiance. A large part of the food for the isthmus Is purchased in the L 7 nited States and It Is shipped under the most favorable conditions. A paper caVed “The Canal Record” is published at frequent intervals and its last page is devoted to a list of the food which can be obtained at the commissary department, with the prices affixed. Living on the isthmus Is just as cheap if not cheaper than it is in this country and the food is of the highest possible quality. Many of the civilian employes constituting clerical and engineering forces have taken their families to Panama. They have fine quarters and they buy their food virtually at cost price. The army was on its metal when it was put in charge of ths Panama canal building. Thus far, admittedly. lt.» work has been nothing short of wonderful in ail lines of isthmian endeavor. It may be that President Taft’s prophecy will not come true and that the canal will not be opened until 1915. but it should be remembered that the latter date is the one set for the opening by Colonel George W. Goethals, the enginer-ln-chief. It is probable, however, that he hopes to see the procession of ships, with the old Oregon leading, pass into the great waterway on some day within the next two years \ >

SEE ft BJSYSESSION 'oming Congress Expected to Have Much Work. Mass of Reports From Commissions Likely to Cause Extended Debates — Legislative Enactments Are Wholly Problematical. Washington.—At the coming session iongress will be called upon to re;eive and act upon more reports from ipecial commissions and investigating >odies than have ever reached any lession. Nearly twenty bodies are at cork on as many subjects with orlers to report to one or both houses. The work of some of them is of the lighest importance to the entire county, while the mission of others is alnost entirely political. When it is considered that these reports must be received, that the appropriation bills for every executive lepartment must be passed before adjournment and that the house has a egislative program of its own, rejardless of the recommendations of k .he president, it is easy to see that ‘.he legislative enactments of the coming congress, which will be the last before the national elections next fear, are wholly problematical. Reports expected to reach the comng cong-ess follow: Report of the tariff board on the A’oolen and cotton schedules, called lor by President Taft to be ready jarly in December. This probably rill be sent to congress with a spe’ial message. Monetary commission report, recommending reform in the monetary system of the country, ordered to be returned to both houses of congress by lanuary 8. Report of the stock and bond commission appointed by President Taft ttnder authority of an amendment to the interstate commerce act of 1910. President Hadley of Yale is chairman if this commission. Report of the commission to investigate the matter of employers’ liability and workmen’s compensation, of which Senator Sutherland of Utah is chairman. This commission is sitting in Washington. A report from the joint commission an waterways, of which Senator BurEon of Ohio is chairman. The senate alone will receive reports as follows: From the Lorimer investigating committee. A From the Stephenson investigating committee. I From the committee on xcivil service ind retrenchment, of which Senator Summing is chairman, with respect to 1 plan for civil service retirement. From the committee on interoceanic canals, with respect to Panama canal tolls. The house has the following outstanding committees, which are expected to report during the coming winter: Steel trust investigation, of which Representative Stanley of Kentucky is chairman. Sugar trust investigation; Representative Hardwick of Georgia, chairman. Committee on expenditures in the department; Representative Ashbrook of Ohio, chairman. Committee on. expenditures in the state department; Representative Hammond of Missouri, chairman. Committee on expenditures in the treasury department; Representative Cox of Indiana, chairman. The committee on expenditures in the war department; Representative Helm of Kentucky, chairman. Committee on expenditures in the aavy department; Representative Hardy of Texas, chairman. Committee on expenditures in the lepartment of agriculture; Representative Moss of Indiana, chairman. This committee has been investigating :he Wiley-Wilson feud. Committee on expenditures in the department of commerce and labor; Representative Rothermel of Pennsylvania, chairman. Committee on expenditures in the mterior department; Representative Graham of Illinois, chairman. This committee will investigate the Controller bay affair, with Louis B. Brandels acting as counsel for the committee. Committee on expenditures in the lepartment of justice; Representative Beall of Texas, chairman. Committee which has been invescigating expenditures on public buildings; Representative Cline of Indiana, chairman. Committee which has been invescigating Indian appropriations; Representatives Carter of Oklahoma, chairman. Committee of investigation of special boards and commissions; Representative Clark of Florida, chairman. Experience shows that with congress working full head of steam it is no small matter to dispose of the appropriation bills in three months, even when both houses are controlled by the same political party. Aside from the reports, the senate has the arbitration treaties on Its calendar and in conference is the resolution proposing to amend the constitution by providing for the direct election of United States senators. Both topics are likely to be fruitful in debate. TO FORCE BANK PROMPTNESS. Comptroller of the Currency Lawrence O. Murray has issued orders to national bank examiners to ascertain from all national banks if they have

had any trouble with ahy other na tional banks in regard to the prompt remittance of collection items, and, it they have, to report such banks. It is Mr. Murray’s intention to put a special bank examiner on the job of making thorough investigations of such reports with a view to forcing national banks to be prompt in such matters. Numerous complaints which have been made to his office on the slowness of banks in making remittances on collections intrusted to their care has led the comptroller to announce that this condition will no longer be tolerated. Charles R. McKay, manager of the transit department of the First National bank of Chicago, was the first to call attention to the habit of certain banks in withholding remittances, presumably for the purpose of keeping the money in their control as long as possible. Mr. McKay told of one bank which had a list of 228 such undesirable institutions on its correspondence list. Os this number 167 were state banks, 51 private banks and 10 national banks. Among the objectionable practices which he cited in this connection at that time, all of which have been experienced by many banks, were the following: Their own drafts on their correspondents had been protested. They were slow in remitting. They did not remit and would not answer tracers, telegrams or letters. They made unsatisfactory returns. They deducted exchange and then remitted their own cashier’s check as payment. Unsatisfactory reports were received from correspondence. Exorbitant exchange charges were made. Checks were stamped “not payable through express companies.” The express companies were paid in pennies or small change. The routing of checks by the transit department of large banks so,as to insure quick collection is one of the important features of modern banking. It is a convenience not only to the banks themselves, but to their patrons, who frequently await the honoring of a check that collections and should be promptly made. Comptroller Murray proposes to see to it in the future that no national bank shall be lax in this respect. Hence the order to his examiners. WANTS WARSHIP BIDS. Peculiar interest attaches to the announcement that the navy department is ready to receive bids for the two new battleships authorized at the last session of congress, in view of the fact that there is a decided possibility, if not a probability, that there will be no bidders. January 4, 1912, is the date set for opening bids and the department announces that they will be received up to that hour. Nearly all the private shipbuilding concerns of the country have maintained heretofore that the application of the eight-hour law to battleship construction made it impossible for them to bid on the vessels. Since the recent interpretation of the law, under which the eight-hour workday provision will apply to all work done either on the stocks or in the shops, the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock company, the only builder to submit a bid when the Texas contract was awarded, has announced that it will not seek a contract for either of the ships,this year. Should any bids be received at all, it is believed that they will provide for sacrificing some modern improvemehts planned foi* the vessels to bring the ships within the appropriation. On the other hand, it is said, the government’s plans provide for some very material departures in naval construction. . The two new vessels will be named Oklahoma and Nevada, and are technically numbered 36 and 37. They will have main batteries' of ten 14-inch guns and will be “near” sister ships of the Wyoming and Arkansas, now building. The latter vessels are of 27,000 tons displacement, but it is understood that the Oklahoma and Nevada will be slightly heavier. Plans and specifications for the new ships have been given confidentially to shipbuilding concerns requesting them, but as it is not desired that they fall into the hands of foreign governments, they will not be made public. ARMY MULES SOON TO PASS. The time-honored army mule, always an important factor in wars of the past, will probably soon surrender to the modern motor truck. Evidence of this is constantly pouring into the war department in Washington from the commanding officers in the field. The latest recommendation in this connection has been received from Col William L. Pitcher, commanding the department of the lakes, who says: “I believe the time is now at hand when experimental types of motor trucks should be constructed and issued for the tests, with a view to finding a type that will replace the field wagon to the greatest possible extent.” WOMAN LAW SCHOOL DEAN. Mrs. Ellen Spencer Mussey of Washington is the only woman law school dean in the world. She is connected with Washington College of Law, and is famed for her legal lore. She framed the Mussey act, which, in the District of Columbia, gives mothers equal rights with fathers over minor children, and gives married women the right to control the money earned by themselves. She is one of the members of the Society of Founders and Patriots, to which only 1,000 women are eligible.

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