The Syracuse Journal, Volume 4, Number 24, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 12 October 1911 — Page 2

Syracuse Journal W. <k CONNOLLY. Publisher. SYRACUSE INDIANA

ENLISTED MEN ARE WELCOME General Grant Disproves Charge That Uncle Sam’s Qritform Is a Subject for prejudice. From time to time complaints have been made that enlisted men in uniform were denied admission to theaters. restaurants, etc., ahd this has brought forth a certain amount of natural resentment. General Grant was to get at the real facts of the case, and being located on the very borderland of the metropolis he was in a peculiarly happy situation for doing so. He detailed three of the enlisted men stationed on the island, and sent them into New York in search of experiences. They were all clear-cut, manly young fellows, and their uniforms were above reproach. They walked boldly into, the Waldorf-As-toria and asked the clerk to direct them to the main dining room. This he did with the greatest urbanity, and lest they should lose their way they were preceded by a bellboy, who seemed proud of his assignment. Their orders were taken and served without so much as an intimation that they ■were unwelcome. This was at breakfast When the hour of luncheon arrived ‘hey decided that Sherry’s looked good, so they went in, were shown to the choicest seats in the house, overlooking Fifth avenue, and again were served, not only with every care, but ns far as could be observed, without attracting any special attention. The same thing was repeated when they went to Deimonico’s for dinner at night, and when they went to the theater afterward the>y were given the best seats in the house. In the course iof their travels many favorable remarks were made upon their manly figures, and nowhere did they meet with anything which could be regarded as prejudice against the uniform of the army. General Grant was very‘much gratified with the result of his experience. In commenting on the matter he seems to have expressed the consensus of opinion .when he said that “the clean, well-behaved soldier, even when in uniform, will be welcomed in any firstclass place, so long as he behaves himself as a gentleman." A Tax on Piety. All the emergency wagons have an excuse for speeding. The courts will consider the plea of a doctor that he is answering an urgent call. ■Of course, police and fire apparatus, (ambulances, etc., are allowed to rush. But piety has no show. In Malden, Mass., a man brought into court for Speeding pleaded that he was late for .church and was hurrying. The judge (answered that humanity was not helped in any way by his effort, and that tit would no thave mattered to anybody (but himself even if he had been late. At the best, therefore, his lawlessness ’was selfish and not pardonable. He (fined the man $lO. We think the judge was wrong. We thing a prize might (properly be given to a man hurrying to church In his automobile. Formation of the Earth. From his investigation of the varying velocity of the earth tremors as they pass through the interior, Professor Weichert has come to the conclusion that the earth consists of a central core of iron or steel about 5,580 miles In diametdr, surrounded ■with a stony shell 980 miles in thickness. Between the outer solid rind >and the inner layer of rock, covering -the metallic core, he thinks there Is a layer of liquid, or plastic material, lying a little less than 20 miles below the surface of the earth. How to Pronounce “Steuben.” It is a singular thing that in this rpart of the country, where the name (of Baron Von Steuben should be best (known, it is most often misprosnounced. In this city we have a street named for him, and not far to fthe north is the monument erected to ihls memory. The name here is commonly called “Stoo-ben," with the accent on the last syllable. The old ’soldier would never have recognized himself under that appellation. The correct pronounciation is not easy to express in English types, but as nearJy as we may come at it, it was "Stoy-ben,” with the accent on the first syllable.—Utica Observer. Successful. "Did you have a successful season at the seashore?” “Very. I was rescued from drowning four times." , In Sunday School. Teacher —Johnny, what do we call that awful region where there is sc znuch fire and smdke? Johnny—Pittsburgh.—Judge. Emphatic. Japanese English is always good. Frank Pixley, the librettist, Is back from Japan, and brought with him (some Japanese English. As a sample, he quotes the sign of a dairyman: “We sell the true milk of the really <oow.” Merely Dreams. Maud —You’d never dream of tljkf (proposals I’ve had this summer. Ethel —No, dear; I’m not so good ia dreamer as you are.—Boston

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4 i NY disposition on the the owners ||| either of forested tracts WTjI or area 9 auitable for reforestation must in W the large majority of instances, be prompted // HfflW by the expectation of H lldl \ \ financial gain. A few n — cases where this does tb M not hold, embrace land owned by the state, Js aijl water companies In a few Instances, clubs and a small number of individuals. To this latter group of owners, the Income from their holdings Is not as important as the purpose to which a well-forested and properly managed area will be put, whether It be for its utility or aesthetic value. The large majority Includes lumbermen, and owners of smaller areas, who have made their investment upon a strictly business basis, and who expect a suitable return from the same. If the forester can show the possibility of such a return, and at the same time provide for the preservation and improvement of the stand, he then advances the practical side of the practice of his art. He may be dealing either with a large area, Involving many conditions as to topography, character of timber, rate of growth, etc., necessitating different methods of cutting to obtain desirable reproduction, a future supply of stock, protection from windfall wd fire, or, he may have simply a wood lot problem to solve. In either case. It is the results that owners are

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looking for, and not an opportunity to Invest their time and money for the advancement of forestry for Its own sake. It is here that the forester has an opportunity to show that his work and its results are eminently practical, that a desirable return is possible; both immediate from the sale of the product, and remote from the increased and accumulating growth, as well as the Improvement of the quality of the timber, together with the growing and the reproductive capacity of the soil. In a planting proposition, the return is necessarily remote. If, however, it can be shown that an area, now producing 1 per cent., for example, ia capable of returning 3 per cent, per annum, compound interest, at the final harvest in 40 years, after deducting with interest, the initial cost of stock and planting, together with taxes and fire protection for the full period, is it not good business policy for many owners, whether individual or company, to make such an investment? It will be argued that only owners that are able to hold an area permanently will care to wait 40 years for a return, and that very few individuals would consent to an investment in which the returns are deferred for so long a time. This is true in almost all cases. There are, however, conditions which make such an investment desirable. It is not at all uncommon for plantations to be made, protected, and allowed to mature, in order that the returns may be enjoyed by the next generation of a family, or have them take the place of a life insurance policy. In practicing forestry, it must be realized at the outset that an investment either of money or marketable material left standing is necessary. The former includes the extra cost of marking the timber to be removed, care in protection of the young growth, fire protection, Including piling coniferous tops and patrol, and a slight increase tn the cost of logging per thousand feet, as the larger the amount of timber removed from a given area the less is the cost per unit. Unless a clear cutting system is employed, some marketable material must be left on the area cut over both for seeding and In some cases for protecting the seed trees from windfall. This comes under the latter form of Investment —namely, merchantable material. In return for this investment of merchantable material, the condition of the forest is Improved. Instead of removing all of the valuable species and leaving the area to reproduce the undesirable and less valuable, the reproduction of desirable species Is provided for, and the future value of the area Increased. For the successful operation of a working plan and the possibility of carrying it out for the full period specified, it Is necessary for the forester and owner to meet on common ground. First of all, the forester must get the point ot view of the owner, and arrive at a full understanding of his wishes and plans. This means that he cannot ilways provide for or obtain the results that may ke most desirable from a scientific point of view. Many thoroughly desirable silvicultural operations must be Ignored, for example, an Improvement thinning may be scientifically necessary, but if there is no market for the material, and the owner does not wish to bear the expense, the operation must be delayed until the material reaches a marketable size. The first thing, then, is for the forester to meet the owner’s wishes, making auch

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ucts. Failure to understand these conditions thoroughly, and the demands ot a region, may mean the- financial failure of a plan. Oftentimes these local conditions preclude the possibility of certain provisions highly desirable from a technical standpoint, but which for practical reasons are impossible. In other words, the practical must be given full consideration along with the technical. With complete co-operation between forester and owner, and a disposition on. the part of both - to make the necessary sacrifices, together With an understanding on the part of the former of the really practical side of the problem, there should be less and less cause for the abandonment of the provisions of working plans made for definite periods. The first working plan tn Vermont under the state forest service, was made by the writer while engaged as assistant to the state forester. The area treated is ownd by Dr. William Stanford Stevens of Albans, Vermont, and is located at Enosburg, In the same state. An outline of the work and its provisions follow. The area Involved embraces 900 acres, divided as follows: Woodland, 360 acres; pasture land, 344 acres; meadow, 196 acres. The conditions that led the owner to consider the possibilities of forestry were these: The area had been maintained under a more or less diversified system of farm management, and as the owner did not live on or near the property, ho wished to be relieved of the care and attention that such an arrangement involved. To accomplish this purpose it seemed best to '•ring the three classes of land under a definite and permanent system of management through the provisions and maintenance of a forest working plan. The provisions follow: 1. To complete the treatment ot tne whole tract at the end of ten years. 2. All woodland to be treated is divided into ten equal areas, one to be thinned in the fall and winter of each year. 3. All pasture land is divided Into ten equal areas, one to be planted in the spring of each year. .4. All meadow land will be maintained as such. 5. For each wooded area, the kind of thinning to employ is stated; also a rough estimate, together with net value, of the amount to come out. 6. For each area to be planted, the species are selected and the number necessary given, together with the total cost of the work. The woodland is mixed, hardwoods consisting of sugar maple, yellow birch, beech, and a small percentage of ash, basswood, poplar, Ironwood, cherry and elm, with young hemlock and spruce reproduction well established on a few sections. Sugar maple reproduction is especially good, and with ash and basswood is particularly desirable. In treating this area either reproduction or improvement thinnings were prescribed, removing all undesirable and over-mature species and such mature species as seemed best for the requirements ot the area. Thus only species were left to reproduce as well as to become more valuable through Increased growth. In carrying out the field work for this plan, the area was first surveyed both by boundaries and types of land. It was necessary to ascertain the

scientific sacrifices as are necessary, and not making the plan as he, himself, would prefer. He then should make a thorough study of the markets of the region and plan his cuttings accordingly. Different localities vary In their, ability to absorb a wide range and class of material. Cord wood may have no value, or it may be worth 25 cents or $1 a cord on the stump, and so on up through the higher class of forest prod-

area of each, with the exception ot meadow land, In order that the total could be divided Into ten equal parts for annual treatment. Upon each wooded section the total stand ot material was estimated, both In board feet and cords, the system of manage-

of land together with the specified area to be thinned or planted each year. For example, 1910-1911-1912, etc., denote the year in which the area Is to be cut, which I, lb, 1c; 11. in, etc., denote the area and order ol planting; I to be planted in 1910, II In 1911, etc. In the written plan a complete statement of the treatment of each section, both cutting and plant ing, is given for each year. For example: 1910. Woodland. 22 acres will be thinned, la being clear cut for planting. Planting, 32.41 A will be planted with white pine, namely lb, c, d and e. la is not to be treated; Id has been staked out. The other acres have definite boundaries. On this area there is sufficient cord w ood available to make its removal profitable. 1911. Woodland. 20 acres will be thinned. Os this area 7.8 acres in the lot by the sugar-house have been marked for a reproduction cutting. Tract Vb will be clear cut for planting. Planting. Tract 11. 37.36 A will be planted with white pine. All apple trees, brakes and hard hack are to be removed. OUTLINE FOR CUTTING. Sale Price Sale Price Board. $3.50 $ .30 Years. Feet per M. Cords, per M. Total. 1910.. ..30,000 $105.00 130 $39.00 $144.00 1911.. 22,000 77.00 240 72.00 149.00 OUTLINE FOR PLANTING. Year. Block. Area, Acres. Species. Number. 1910 lb 10.56 White pine 12,000 1 c 2.38 White pine 2,400 1 d 17.24 White pine 17.24 C 1 e 2.24 White pine 2,688 32.42 ■ 34,328 1911 11 37.36 White plno 37,260 (The acreage of woodland to be treated Is cut down from the total 360 by the fact that about 15C acres was being cut over under a contract made previous to the adoption of this plan. It accounts for only 22 and 20 acres coming under management for the years given above, which Is, of course, not one-tenth of the total area of woodland.) It Is estimated that the total receipts from the cutting, Including the tract being cut under contract above mentioned, will pay the complete cost ol planting and seedlings. The plan just outlined means that at the end ot the ten-year period the owner will have his woodland under a good system of forest management and greatly Improved over Its present condition, together with 344 acres planted to Norway spruce and white pine, the cost of which being met as be fore stated by the returns from the area itselt The returns from thinnings which will be made on each section In the period from 1935 to 1945, making each section thinned 25 years old, will give a considerable return. At this time about 400 trees per acre will be removed. From 1950 to 1960 the area will be clear cut by sections and replanted. The total yield from this cutting should be at least 30,000 board feet per acre. The plan also provides for proper fire protection, which Is absolutely necessary for the successful maturing of a plantation. It also states the conditions which any contractor must meet who makes the cuttings during the next ten years. These conditions follow: 1. All trees to come out are blamed and stamped with the letter "V.” 2. The contractor must take airmarked and leave all unmarked trees. 3. Care in felling must be taken In order that young''growth and reproduction will not be Injured. K All sound logs 6 Inches at the small end and offer are to go into lumber. 5. Sound down timber and tops of felled trees are to be cut into cord wood. 6. Care must be taken In skidding logs not to injure standing trees and reproduction. 7. The contractor will be liable to a penalty of twice the value of any tree that Is cut not bearing the official stamp. 8. AH work Is subject to inspection. The state forester also agrees to mark the trees to cut each year. While the owner himself will not enjoy this return, the plan offers an example of the Instance cited previously by which an Individual Is willing to make a long-time investment In order to make it possible for the next generation 1b hie family to enjoy the results.

IAFT ISmELER President’s Itinerary Has Been Very Extensive. Has Covered More Miles Than Any Other Chief Executive—Record ts 74,774 During the Present Year. Washington.—When President Taft arrives in Washington Nov. 1, having completed a 13,000 mile speech-mak-ing tour In the west, he will have ‘raveled approximately 275.0Q0 miles is an official of the United States government since 1900, when he became governor of the Philippine islands. He is the most traveled president in the history of th# country, sven exceeding by many miles the travels of Theodore Roosevelt while | he was president, and more persons j have seen him face to face than any iof his predecessors in office. Furtheri more, he is almost as well known in ' ill of the colonial possessions of the United States as he is at home, and nrobably no American in public life has ever had such a world-wide acluairitance. It was in March, 1901, shortly after he was inaugurated the second time, that President McKinley appointed Mr. Taft, then a federal judge in Ohio, is a member of the Philippine commission, the understanding being that he was to become the first governor of those islands when civil government was established. Mr. Taft went to the Philippines, and,' in addition, traveled about them theogreater part of 1901 and 1902. his mileage each year practically amounting to one complete circumference of the earth. Mr. Taft was made governor July 4. 1901, and in November of that year he returned to the United States to Inform the committees of congress at first hand of the legislative needs of the islands. It was on his return trip In 1902 that he went by the way of Rome to reach an agreement with the Vatican concerning the friar land, and other vexing church questions in the islands. 'the following year Mr. Taft trav eled about 8,000 miles, mostly in the Philippines, and in 1904 he returned to the United States to become secretary of war in the cabinet of President Roosevelt. He made several speeches in the campaign and in November of that year traveled to Pana-, ma to see the work of constructing the Panama canal, which was under his jurisdiction. Secretary Taft went back to the Philippines in 1905. His deepest personal interest lay there. A tour of inspection included side trips to Japan and China and a return through Eur ope. This trip brought out Mr. Taft not only as a diplomat and a statesman but as a “match-maker,” several couples of young people, including Miss Alice Roosevelt an£ Representative Nicholas Longworth and Representative Sherley of Kentucky and Miss Mignon Critten being among his traveling companions who married The following year the most arduous trip of Secretary Taft was to Cuba, where he arranged peace between the tactions in that country and for the time being acted as provisional governor. Nevertheless he made a total mileage that year in excess of 14,000 miles. In the year 1907 Secretary Taft made a tour of nearly all the colonial possessions of this government. Cuba. Porto Rico and Panama engaged his attention early in the year and in the tall he again departed for the Philippines in order to keep his promise to the natives that he would be present at the opening of the Philippine assembly. the first representative legislative body in the islands. While this trip brought up President Taft’s mileage for that year in excess of 38,000. that record was to be broken in 1908, when, as candidate for president, he visited practically every state in the Union where a Republican candidate had a chance to obtain votes, some of them several times. His mileage on that occasion. 47,270, probably will stand as a rec»rd for many years to come. Since he became president of the United States President Taft has been an inveterate traveler. In the two years and six months he has held office he has traveled 61J74 miles, or practically two and a half times around the earth. Within two months after his inauguration he took a trip to St. Louis and return which totaled more than 2,000 miles In length, having previously taken three shorter trips. In May he went as far as south as Charlotte, N. C., and as far west as Pittsburg. In July he went north to Massachusetts, stopping several times en route. In September came his great western trip, lasting until Nov. 10, and the next day he was off again for Connecticut and the next week for Norfolk, Va. Twice in December he went north, once to Connecticut and once to New York. BILLIONS IN FARMS. Additional details of the value of the Tarins and farm property of the United States are now made available by the bureau of the census. For the purposes of the enumeration the country was divided into the North Atlantic division. Including Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania; the South Atlantic division, made up Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South QarsApa, eewrgl* Florida, Dl»-

ment and the character of thinning necessary was prescribed, and the material to come out the first year marked. Where a reproduction cutting was recommended, provisions for keeping out grazing were made. Upon each section of pasture land the necessary planting and species were determined, together with the fencing required to prevent grazing and killing young planted material. In the office, a map was prepared showing each class

trlct of Columbia; the North Central division, composed of OhitjC Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin. Mlune-' sota, lowa. Missouri, North Dakota. South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas; the South Central division, eoinprising Kentucky, Tennessee. Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas. Lduisiana. Oklahoma. Texas, and the Western division, in which ware put Washington. Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Arizona. Montana, t Wyoming. Colorado and New Mexico. The number of farms ten years ago was 5,737,372, the latest figures showing an increase of only a little more than 19 per cent, over this. In total farm acreage there has been an increase of only about 4 per cent, or some 35,000.000 acres, but the record shows a gain of 63,000.000 acres clessed as improved. The respective totals are 414.500,000 and 477,500.000. The larger crops of 1910 are accounted for by this increase and by the better cultivation that has pro duced larger returns to the acre. The big farms are in the Western division, where the individual holdings average 299 acres, a decline from an average of 386 acres ten years ago. Evidently the farmers es the North Atlantic states pay more attention to their buildings than de the farmers of other sections This is probably in large part a matter of necessity because of the more rigorous winters. The average value of farm buildings is $2,000 in the North Atlantic states/ $1,400 in.the North Central, SI,OOO in the Western. $549 in the South Atlantic and $4lO in the South Central. To the total investment of $34,684.500,000 in farm lands and buildings there is to be added the sum of $1,262,022,000 for farm implements and machinery, an advance of $51?,• 000,000 in ten years. , While there has been some en-.-bancement of prices in that time, the greater part of the advance is attributable to a large and more efficient equipment of the individual farms. In 1900 the average equipment value sot all farms was $l3O, and in 1916 it was S2OO. In implements and machinery, as in farm buildings, the northeastern states are leaders with an equipment averaging $330 to the farm, with the western states second with $319 worth. The north central states fol low with $285. the south central with SIOO and the South Atlantic with S9O. The expenditures for fertilizers are a suggestive feature in the industry. It appears that the national outlay for that purpose in 1900 was $53,699.000, and in 1910 it was $114,909,999. The estimated total wealth of the United States at the present time, leaving out ajl non-contigaous territory, is $140,000,000,000, er about, $1,500 peiKcapita. THIRD IN DREADNAUGHT LIST. The United States has been passed by England and Germany in eempleted or prospective giants of the sea ani is now third in the dreadnaught list. Exastly 100 dreadnoughts eith--have been built, are being built or have been ordered for the world’s navies. Thirteen nations contribute to the total. The powers’ respective showings are as follows: Com- Buildpleted. Lauaehoi. 4ng. Great Britain -.12 # Si Germany 6 TThlted States 4 4 Brazil - 3 ' .. Japan f‘- - Italy 1 J ! Austria * Russia 1 Franco ■ Spain • •• Argentina J. • Chile • Turkey ....(. . The first dreadnaught was begun by England in 1905. The largest an< most powerful yet completed Is dip German Thuringen. displacing !!.80d tons and armed with twelve IS.S-iuch, fourteen 5.9-incb and fourteen 3.4-inch guns. The most costly are the Russian vessels. It was originally esti mated that they would cost $19,169,009 apiece. Twelve-inch guns still are the standard for the main batteries, but ia the newer English and Japanese ship* 13.5-inch are being mounted. has adopted the same caliber. Ger. many started with 11-lnch, has wark ed «p to 12.2-ißch. and will put 14-inch in later vessels. The same ealiber has been adopted in the United States for ships of last year’s and subsequent programs. The system of placing three guns in a turret has been adopted by ItajFAustria and Russia, and alsa will be adopted in this year’s American craft , CONGRESSIONAL CANNERY. The campaign in congress against misuse of the Congressional Record has called forth many suggestions, not the least .popular of which is for setting a time limit on every speaker The man who cannot explain an klea in an hour, it is held, will “be sent to the foot of the class” and labeled a bore, to be called upon only during the filibustering season. A request was made by one es the old-time congressmen for the Initiation of a “Congressional Cannery. Webster’s reply to Hayne, Patrick Henry’s speech, and certain excerpts from the Declaration of Independence win be the first to get “canned," as they aY® drawn upon nearly every time a congressman engages in a debate. Twenty years ago the prooeedinge of the senate and the house did «e< begin to occupy as much space as today, and it is felt that the movemenl to keep the records down wMt ressttl tn a rnneh aaove interestlag and a» curate Congrcmtenni Rernud fee tore generattoMs.