The Syracuse Journal, Volume 3, Number 49, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 6 April 1911 — Page 3

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Garfield’s Cabinet Puzzled

- . 4 • ■ ’ Could Not Decide Upon the Manner In Which the President’s Inability to Perform His Duties Should Be Declared. William Windom, federal representative and senator from Minnesota, one of the early advocates of reciprocity and the gold standard, and candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the three national conventions of the \party held in the twelve years beginning with 18S0, was also secretary of the treasury in two cabinets —Garfield’s and Benjamin Harrison’s. About a year before Mr. Windom returned to Washington as a member of President Harrison’s official family, he spoke at length to me of his recollections of the period when his first presidential chief lay desperately ill, and his cabinet was in daily doubt whether the president would survive the wound, or die. “Many were the incidents connectedwith Garfield’s illness that impressed me greatly,” said Senator Windom, “but the one that left with me the most vivid impressions occurred the latter part of July, or it may have been about the first week in August “You may remember that all through the president’s illness the members of his cabinet remained constantly in Washington. We had many informal as to what our duty was under the circumstances, and upon one occasion Mr. Blaine, the secretary of state, said to two or three of us that hh was anxious to discuss with us personally and unofficially what seemed ,to him to be a very important contingency that might arise. He then wept on to say that he had been reading the clause in the Constitution which defined the office and responsibilities of the president, and that he had been trying to discover some precedent, or at least a hint, in the discussions that took place in the convention that framed the Constitution which plight serve as a guide to the cabinet should it have to face the contingency that he had in mind. “I asked Mr. Blaine if he had reference to the clause in the Constitution which declares that in case of the death or disability of the president to perform the business of his office, the vice-president shall assume office. I remember perfectly Mr. Blaine’s reply, which followed a grave nod of his head. “ ‘We have had two cases where this clause of the Constitution has applied,’ he said. ‘Each of them, however, was a case involving the death of a president. It was the unquestioned right of the vice-president to succeed, although I have learned that at the time of John Tyler’s accession there were many who thought he should sign him-

One Vote Became a Majority

, « How One Lone Delegate In Republican Convention of 1880 Finally Brought About Nomination of James A. Garfield. “Mr. Quay, you would put me under a great obligation if you would give me Information respecting the personality and purpose of that vociferous delegate from your state who Is casting the solitary vote reported by the secretary of this convention for James A. Garfield,’’ said Roscoe Conkling at the Chicago Republican convention of 1880, to Matthew Stanley Quay, the leader of the Pennsylvania delegation. “I can’t explain, Senator,” Mr. Quay replied. “He is a delegate from the Hazleton district, and he Is disobeying the Instructions of that district, —which commanded him to vote for the nomination of General Grant. Why he is voting for Garfield I don’t know. But It is oiily one vote, and that doesn’t mean anything.” “Sometimes one vote becomes a majority vote,” Senator Conkling answered, grimly. And so, curiously enough, It happened In this case. The lone delegate from the anthracite coal region of the Keystone state cast his vote with such unvarying regularity for James A. Garfield that at last attention became fixed upon the delegate and the man he was voting for, and by one of those curious psychological moods that often descend upon a crowd, the name of James A. Garfield fired the imagination of the delegates and the majority vote of the convention had been much prolonged In a vain attempt to decide upon one of tbe prominent candidates. The name of this original Garfield man, In the real meaning of that term, was Alexander Greer, a banker of Luzerne, Pa., a man of high character, who, when he. was elected a delegate to the national convention, was presumed to be in full accord with the sentiment of bls district, which favored the nomination of General Grant for a third *erm. So, when his solitary Insistence upon Garfield had at last turned the convention In that direction, the report was sent broadcast giat Mr Greer had been Induced to 1

« self.’ “Vice-president, acting as president.” There has never been a case when the question of the inability of a president to perform his duties has been raised. It may be easy enough to determine whether a president is completely Incapable of performing the duties of his office or not. That can be established by medical authority. But who is to make the announcement? Who is to call upon the vicepresident? “Then Jdr. Blaine virent on to say that in his opinion—and he presumed in that of all of us —President Garfield was totally incapacitated, and would remain in that condition for some time, even though ultimately he should get well. Suppose then some great emergency, like the imperative need of issuing pardon, or warlike complications should arise—an emergency which called for the assembling of congress. Would it be perfectly within the meaning of the Constitution If the vicepresident were called upon to act as president? And Mr. Blaine ended by insisting that the Cabinet should be prepared for an emergency of that kind. ' “The result of this unofficial taking of counsel was that the suggestion was made that there should be informal and purely personal consultation with the attorney general, Wayne Mac Veagh. Mr. Blaine did broach the subject to the attorney general, and.

Yankee Surprised Bessemer

» * How Abram S. Hewitt Demonstrated to Steel Process Inventor That He Had Divided His Wealth With the Nations. Soffietimes the statement is made when a man of great wealth dies, that, while he amassed millions for himself, he enriched the world to a much greater extent than he did himself. And whenever I see this statement made I always call to mind the anecdote that the late Abram S. Hewitt told me of Sir Henry Bessemer. Abram S. Hewitt is numbered among New York’s best and most famous mayors. He was chairman of the Democratic national committee that managed the Tilden presidential campaign; his efforts as trustee and secretary gave Cooper Union the world-wide fame it enjoys today as an educational institution, and for nearly half a century Mr. Hewitt was a power in the iron and steel trade. As a manufacturer he gained an encyclopedic knowledge of commercial, industrial and financial statistics not only of his own time, but of earlier times as well; and as an authority in

fr vote for Garfield with this temptation before his eyes; that, in the event of Garfield’s election, Mr. Greer would be appointed to an important position In the treasury department. “That Is to be Greer’s reward,” was the common saying; and following Garfield’s triumph at the polls, this opinion seemed to be justified when It was learned that the new president had offered Mr. Greer the post of assistant secretary of the treasury. But instead of accepting the offer, as it was commonly believed he would, Mr. Greer declined the appointment, and when asked for the reason replied: “I do not want any political office. I could not afford to accept any appointment I could not afford to give up my business or my association with my bank." ,•. “Then It Is not true that you went to the Chicago convention determined to support Garfield because you had an ambition for an office in the treasury T‘ “General Garfield did not know me; I had never seen him until the Chicago convention was organized,” was the reply. “I went to the convention expecting fully to obey the Instructions of my district convention and vote for General Grant for president But when General Garfield made his speech placing John Sherman in nomination for president, I was so tremendously Impressed by the personality, the magnificent physique, the-su-perb voice and the wonderful rhetoric and eloquence of Garfield that I said to myself, ‘This man, in my opinion, is the man who should be nominated for president of the United States by the Republican party.’ I backed that opinion with my vote, even when I received telegrams and powerful personal appeals urging me Co change my vote to General Grant; and as I continued to vote alone I grew more and more convinced that my lone ballot would eventually point the way to Garfield’s nomination. “I was right in that belief. I have never regretted my vote for Garfield. And In the triumph of Garfield In the convention I received all the payment, or reward, that I shall ever care for.” , Copyright, 1910, by E. J. Edwards, All TUshts Reserved.)

though I did not hear the conversation that took place between them, I was authoritatively Informed that the attorney general was of the opinion that the vice-president, in case the disability of the president was unquestioned, could rightfully assume the duties of president; the Constitution was unmistakable on this point ‘But,’ the attorney general asked: ‘lf the vicepresident gets the presidency in that way, how in the world is he to be taken out of it in case the president recovers and is once more able to perform the duties of the office to which he was elected?’ “That question was a puzzler,” continued Senator Windom, “and there were so many other complications that eventually we informally decided to take no action unless a most imperative emergency arose. I have always been thankful that an emergency of the sort did not arise. Yet I think that congress ought to indicate by statute the manner in which the inability of a president to perform the duties of his office shall be declared, and the manner in which his ability to resume the office may be legally set forth.” (Copyright. 1910, by E. J. Edwards. AU Rights Reserved.) Not Scorching. “You son looks all fagged out. Hprhaps it is the studies that he is pursuing.” “No, it must be something else. At the rate he is pursuing his studies that pursuit would not fag him out in a thousand years.”

g, the steel trade he came to know intimately the inventor of the Bessemer' process of steel making. “About twenty-five years after Sir Henry Bessemer had invented his process of converting iron into steel, I was a guest at his home some distance from the city of Birmingham," said Mr. Hewitt not long before his death, which occurred in 1903, when he was eighty-one years of age. “Some time previous to calling on Sir Henry I had made the statement that in twenty-five or thirty years the United States would be supreme among all the nations of the world in the production of iron and steel —a prophecy that has come true, as you know. Sir Henry had heard of my forecast, and was inclined to doubt its accuracy. But he was eager to talk the matter over with me, and almost as soon as I had reached his home he took me for a chat over my statement into his library, a beautiful room that contained one of the choicest collection of the classics I have ever seen, as well as a complete library telling of the production of iron and steel throughout the world. “There, while Sir Henry listened attentively, I told him why I believed my country would eventually lead, and be independent of, the entire world in the production of iron and steel. I quoted the statistics I had at hand in support of my contention, and, finally, I added: ‘And, Sir Henry, you will be responsible for the prestige which we shall obtain, for had it not been for your discovery of the process by which perfect steel can be made cheaply, we should not now be able to compete with you in the manufacture of steel and would probably have to import all our steel.’ “Sir Henry smiled indulgently; it was plain that I had not succeeded in convincing him. “ ‘Well,’ I said, ‘perhaps I can convince you on another matter that has been interesting me greatly of late. But first tell mb, off-hand, if you can, about how many millions of pounds your Invention has brought to you personally. I do not ask the question out of idle curiosity.’ “For perhaps five minutes Sir Henry was absorbed in mental calculation. Then he, said: ‘Mr. Hewitt, I should say, off-hand, that my process of steel manufacturing has brought me about four million pounds.' “ ‘That is twenty million dollars in American money,’ I replied. Then I took a pencil and paper and began to do some figuring, based on my knowledge of the statistics of steel production and -of commerce and manufacture. I made a rapid computation and handed the paper to Sir Henry. “ ‘You will see by my figures,' I explained, ‘that your invention, within a quarter of a century, has increased the material wealth of the world by an amount practically equivalent to the cash capital of the commercial nations of the world as that was a hundred years ago,” or at the time of the close of our Revolutionary war.' “For a long time Sir Henry looked blankly at the figures. ‘You amaze me,’ he said, at last. T know that you are familiar with the statistics you have employed to arrive at this result. Yet It doesn't seem credible.’ “ ‘Nevertheless, the story those figures tell Is the truth,’ I answered. ‘And of the Increased wealth of the world—hundreds of millions In all—resulting from your great Invention, you have received only twenty million dollars. Surely, you have divided your great wealth with all the nations.’ " (Copyright. 1910, by H. J. Edwards. AD Rights Reserved.)

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