The Syracuse Journal, Volume 3, Number 40, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 2 February 1911 — Page 2

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T HAS been told before this how the African treasures of the National Museum in Washington brought out of the dark continent by Theodore Roosevelt, Edmond Heller, Dr. Edgar A. Mearas and J. Alden Loring, are stored away in great chests and on shelves in by-rooms of the museum building, and how the specimens of big game will not be mounted for general ins- action until many months have passed. The treasures are all

in the big building, however, and if one has interest and patience one of the scientists will draw them forth from their recesses and give him a chance to study and to admire. It was my good luck not long ago to be invited by Theodore Roosevelt to go through the National Museum with him on a tour of examination of the pelts of the big mammals, and the skins of the many colored birds and of the small

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mammals of which hundreds and hundreds were brought to America to give the student an adequate idea of the fauna of the African plains, mountains, valley and forests. It was Colonel Roosevelt’s first glimpse of the African quarry since he saw it living in its native wilds. It was his desire to know how perfectly the specimens had been prepared and what deterioration, if any, the climatic conditions before shipment and after arrival had caused. Accompanying Mr. "Roosevelt in his trip through the museum were Dr. C. Hart Merriam, now the head of the Harriman Zoological Foundation and former chief of the United States Biological Survey; Mr. Edmund Heller, who accompanied Mr. Roosevelt to Africa and who prepared ipost of the big game specimens for shipment; Edgar A. Mearns, the ornithologist, who accompanied the expedition and collected most of the birds; Louis Agassiz Fuertes, the mammal and bird painter; John Snure, and myself. We had the huge rooms in which the Roosevelt collections are stored all to ourselves. Colonel Roosevelt spoke freely about his trip and told maiiy anecdotes In connection therewith which do not appear in his book and whlbh he did not tell in his lecture before the National Geographic Society. It is hard to describe adequately the enthusiasm of the Oyster Bay hunter over the natural history treasures which his expedition had secured for the National Museum and which, much to the Colonel’s delight, had arrived in splendid condition, due largely to the hard, driving, painstaking work of Edmond Heller and J. Alden Loring and Dr. Mearns in preparing the specimens under the heat of an African sun and with only natives to help them in their delicate and difficult task. The first visit of the colonel was paid to the part of the museum where the elephant, the rhinoceros and the hippopotamus hides in their crude form are stowed away awaiting the day when they will be mounted and made to appear in natural form in the great exhibition hall. The colonel stopped before the skin of one gigantic elephant. The hide had been placed on a huge table which it covered completely while the “overflow” went to the floor and stretched out for some distance In every direction. “This,” said Mr. Roosevelt, “is an elephant which I had the hardest kind otf work to shoot I labored for hours under the blistering sun to get within certain killing range> for the specimen was a fine one and I wanted to be sure that I could add it

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to the museum’s collection. Finally I got a shot and down went the monster. I turned with a shout of rejoicing to Heller, who was near me. Heller went over and examined the elephant and then turned to me with a grave face and said, ‘Colonel this elephant died of apoplexy. You missed him a mile.’ Heller keeps on telling that story and I am willing, for he gets lots of fun out of it. All I have to say is if the elephant dropped dead of apoplexy a,t the instant I fired it was the most considerate elephant that ever roamed Africa.” In the African fields there are thirty or forty species of antelopes, one, the giant eland, is bigger than an ox, and it inhabits a fever stricken territory in which only a few hunters and those of the hardiest kind will venture. The colonel is exceedingly proud of the giant elands which he secured and which are now in possession of the museum and in perfect condition for eventual mounting for show purposes. One of the antelopes which the expedition secured has a remarkable hide. Colonel Roosevelt spent a long time examining and admiring this specimen. The skin is iridescent and as you turn it at different angles to the light it sent forth colors of blue, green, red and purple. It has a watered siTk effect, but perhaps no watered silk that woman ever wore held such a marvelous combination of hues. Dr. C. Hart Merriam, who is now, as has been said, the head of the Harriman Zoological Foundation, was the first to suggest to Theodore Roosevelt that after : . etlred from the presidency he ought to go o Africa to collect specimens for the National Museum. Credit for the suggestion was given Dr. Merriam by Mr. Roosevelt In his lecture before the National Geographic Society. It Is probable that Dr. Merriam is the foremost authority in the United States on several branches of natural science. He Is particularly interested in bears and it was by him that comparisons were made of bear skulls by which recently a separation of species was made where It was not known definitely that a difference existed. it must have been fully a century ago that an English scientist hunter who had secured a specimen of the cane brake bear declared that it was a species distinct from the ordinary black bear of the eastern United States, the bear known to every dweller in the eastern region remote from the populous centers. There was a dispute among scientists about the matter and it never definitely was settled, the general opinion remaining that the cane brake bear was simply the ordinary black bear of the Alleghenies, the Adirondacks and the woods of Michigan, Wisconsin and Maine. When Colonel Roosevelt killed his specimens of the cane brake bear he examined them and came to the conclusion that the Englishman who had separated it as a species was right The colonel to put the matter to the test sent the skulls of the bears he had killed to Dr. Merriam, who put In a lot of painstakir: study comparing them with the skulls of the ordinary black bear and it was found the Englishman who had contended for separate species was right If it had not been for the Roosevelt study and his determination to submit the matter to the test science probably would still be holding to the belief that the eastern United States have only one species of the bruin tribe. In the bear room of the museum Mr. Roosevelt saw the skulls of the species which he was instrumental tn giving a separate place to and be saw the skulls of every bear known to the world. To the laynjen present these skulls were nothing but skulls and originally they might have formed the head bones of any kind of an animal, but scientists can pick ur a bone of any kind and not only tell what it can ■' from, but from tt can construct the entire nalmal. In the room set aside for the present as A storage place for the collection ot African birds

/MTJOHfIL MUOZUFt Colonel Roosevelt seemed to find special delight. One can exhaust all the color adjectives in the English language and yet hardly do justice to the hues and combination of hues of the plumage of the tropical birds which the expedition brought back from Africa. Dr. Edward A. Mearns, who is a surgeon of the United States army, but now on the retired list, did most of the collecting of feathered big game and small game. Dr. Mearns Is one of the world’s foremost ornithologists. While he was stationed with the troops in the far west he made a spedial study of the birds of the sections in which hy happened to be, and on several occasions he jvas authorized by Uncle Sam to join scientific expeditions organized to make investigations and collections in new territories. It is well known that in a general way the more soberly clad birds are the» best songsters For Instance, take the hemlt thrush and the mocking bird of America. They are both dressed In homespun, but they have voices of the kind which people call “fortunes in themselves.” There are some sober clad birds in the tropics and there as elsewhere they are the better singers. In America we have a bird called the shrike,

GAZZJLLZ which is about the size of a red-winged blackbird, the swamp blackbird known to every country boy. The shrike preys on smaller birds, on mice and on big insects which it empales on thorns after making a meal, in the case of birds and mice, of the brains of the quarry. The shrike is dressed in soft grays and while rather a handsome bird it is by no means of brilliant attire. s The African shrikes which Dr. Mearns collected and in which Theodore Roosevelt showed a marked interest on the day in which he went through the museum, are perhaps among the most brilliant colored birds of the world. They are not unlike the American scarlet tanager only the scarlet Is of the kind that seems to burn the sight. Colonel Roosevelt has been having a little controversy with Scientist Abbott H. Thayer over the question of the protective coloration of birds and mammals. Mr. Thayer, in a general way, thinks that most animals have a coloration which protects them in a measure from discovery. It is known that this is perfectly true of some kinds of wild creatures, but Mr. Thayer thinks that even brilliantly plumage*! birds are protected. Colonel Roosevelt on the day of his visit to the museum held up one of the shrikes in its scarlet attire and said ironically, “There’s a fine example of protective coloration.”' Looking at the bird one might readily believe that against a background of green leaves It would be the first object in the landscape to attract attention. There are storks In the African collection. I think that three species were Included in the captures. Now it must be understood that when the expedition went into Africa it was agreed that there should be no killing beyond the actual needs of science except of course when it was necessary to kill game to supply the game table with food. The rule was that when a certain number of mammals or birds of each kind had been killed the shooting must stop and the number fixed was very small, although of course this regulation did not apply to destructive animals like the beasts of prey, mice and other crop destroying rodents. The rule which Mr. Roosevelt insisted upon and in whi-h the others readily acquiesced was lived up tc he letter. When Dr. Mearns had secured a fixed number of storks he wanted to get one more because he thought there was some point which might be decided if he could add another stork to the collection. He told Colonel Roosevelt he was going to kill another stork. The colonel laqghed and said, so it is reported: “Not on your life." Mr. Roosevelt’s anti-race suicide pronouncement may account for his devotion to the interests of the stork. When we were ready to leave the museum Dr. C. Hart Merriam, who has made a careful study of the eo’lection brought back from Africa, turned to Cr cj Roosevelt and said: “There can be no ] Hty of mistake in saying that the expediti oh you led was the means of giv Ing to t :onal Museum the finest and mos valuable ction of African animals whic exists In whole world. Science has profltei immenaeb as the result or your labors.”

HITS SCHOOL BOOK COMPANIES. Governor Marshall Castigates Book Publishers Who Attempted to Foist County Uniformity on Graded Schools. Indianapolis. — Governor Marshall, in his message to the Indiana general assembly went after the big school book companies that sought two years ago, to foist county uniformity of text books upon the schools of Indiana. In his message, Governor Marshall says: “Two years ago the representatives of foreign svhool book publishing houses opened up a lobby in Indianapolis pretending that the presence of their representatives here was exclusively philanthropic and that they had come into Indiana to show us how defective our school system was. I always suspect that philanthropy which results in large pecuniary gain to the philanthropist." Governor Marshall’s stand will deter school book publishers from attempting to jam a county uniformity measure through the legislature. Uniformity Bill In Ohio. Columbus. —Senator Yount has introduced a bill in the senate providing for county uniformity of school text books. It applies only to the elementary schools in the rural districts and villages. Because cities are left out farmers and educators are opposing the measure. Their argument is that “If uniformity is bad for the cities it is just as bad for the country,” and that it would cost millions to install county uniformity. The Yount measure would give county commissioners and probate judges power to appoint the board that selected books. The matter of selection would be taken wholly from the hands of boards of education and school superintendents. Senator Yount’s argument for the measure is that it would save money to the people while the opponents insist that it would throw the school book question into politics; that it is against home rule; and that it would result in a county board taking complete charge of all school affairs, including hiring of teachers and control of the physical property of a school district A similar measure was defeated in the legislature last winter. Habit Grows. "I hate to see a little country buying its first battleship.” “Why?” “Reminds me of a boy taking his first smoke.”

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