The Mail-Journal, Volume 21, Number 11, Milford, Kosciusko County, 28 March 1984 — Page 19

Dr. Sun Yat-sen buried on Chinese high ground

By ARCH AND DELLA BAUMGARTNER Third In A Series NANJING, China, Feb. 23, 1984 — Just when we thought we were getting used to second rate hotels we were to arrive at Nanjing (sometimes spelled Nanking), a two and one-half hour train ride from Wuxi. This city of 2; million people was at one time the capital of China. We were put up in the relatively new Jingling Hotel, a 37-floor, 792-room hotel built recently. Construction began in 1981 and completed in mid-1983 when it was formerly opened. The Jingling is the product of Singapore money working with the government of Jiang Su Province in an effort to cash in on the tourist trade that is invading China in increasing numbers. At 86 Yuan ($43 American dollars) per night it has less than 50 percent occupancy, but then this is off-season, too. We can’t say too much in way of criticism of this hotel: It would compare favorably with most any Hilton Hotel we have ever stayed in. Service is excellent and the several small shops stock high grade wares. On the top floor is a revolving dining room from which one can view the entire city of Nanjing. It’s nothing legs than spectacular at night as the city’s lights turn on. It advertises a full Chinese band playing each night for the pleasure of dinner guests. This is nothing new for Americans, but in Nanjing, China, it s something like they’ve never seen before. In fact, the local people can (and do) purchase a pass to visit the area during the daytime Each morning when our bus is ready to pull away from the hotel there’s a line of easily several hundred Chinese outside the high steel fence watching us board the bus in absolute astonishment. Criss had trouble getting used to this, comment. “I feel like a movie star with all these people watching us.” Sun Yat-sen's Burial Place Yesterday turned up cold and rainy, but it failed to deter our

< • 1 >1 ft ® 4- U ' Dr. Sun Yat-Sen’s Mausoleum At Nanjing, China This Mausoleum is the tomb of Dr Sun Yat-sen the great forerunner of Chinese revolution. Sun Zhong-shan, also called Sun Wen and better known as Sun Yat-sen, was born in a peasant family on Nov 12, 1866 in Xiangshan County (now Zhong Shan County), Guangdong Province, and died in Peking on March 12. 1925. In accordance with his own wish he was buried here on June 1,1929 The Mausoleum is situated on the southern slope of the Purple Mountain in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. The construction of the Mausoleum, started in January 1926. was completed in spring 1929. It was designed by Lu Yan-zhi, a noted Chinese architect. The Mausoleum is 158 metres above sea level, and 73.33 meters above the ground. It covers an area of over 80,000 square metres, and looks like a bell. Directly in front of the Mausoleum is a big square. A bronze statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in full length stands at the southern side of the square. Between the square and the steps stands a huge stone arch. From there the tomb avenue, 480 metres in length, leads to the main gate-way inscribed with four characters, meaning “The world belongs to the public", in Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s own handwriting. Behind it is a Pavilion, housing a nine-metre high tablet with Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s burial date inscribed on it. From the entrance to the memorial hall there are altogether 392 steps in many flights. The memorial hall was built entirely of stones and covered with blue glazed tiles. A plaque with "moral sense in the world” on it was inlaid between the two eaves. In the centre of the memorial hall there is a statue, five metres high, of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in sitting posture. On the four sides of the stone base of the statue are carvings in relief about his revolutionary activities. Beyond the memorial hall is a vault. At the centre of the vault is the round marble grave, enclosed with a marble railing. On the grave is a marble statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in lying posture, with his remains five metres underneath. The Mausoleum is composed of a group of buildings combining Chinese with western styles while giving prominence to traditional Chinese style. It has achieved great success not only in the combination of figure, application of colours and the selection of materials but also in the treatment of details, producing an effect of magnificence and simplicity. Dr. Sun Yat-sen devoted 40 years of his life to the revolutionary cause. He not only led the revolution of 1911 that brought to an end to the rule of feudal dynasties, but also adapted himself to the trend of the world and took into account the interests of the Public by putting forward progressive political propositions. He is a great man who has played an important role in modern Chinese history. His great contributions to the Chinese revolution are indelible. Dr. Sun Yat-sen will for ever live in the memory of the Chinese people.

traveling group from our appointed rounds. At mid-morning, as a kick-off to a full day, we first visited the burial place and mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the intellectual revolutionary who is now heralded for his vision in bringing China into the 20th Century. Our guide called him ‘ ‘our George Washington. ’ ’ His history and his burial grounds are such that we are noting it in full in a special sidebar box. Suffice it to say he died in 1925, and that he had three sisters who married well. One married Chiang Kai-shek, ruler (or dictator) of China in our time, having been overthrown by the communists in 1949. He formed the Nationalist Chinese Government on the island of Taiwan, which remains a bone of contention with Communist China yet today. Madame Chiang is still living in Long Island in New York. It was a grueling chore to go to the top of the Purple Mountain where the mausoleum rests. There are 392 steps in many flights. Most of our group made the full course, although some made it much quicker than others In the center of the mausoleum rests a marble coffin, on top of which is a marble likeness of Dr. Sun. Linggu Temple lies about one and a half kilometers east of Dr Sun's mausoleum, a sight we had to visit next. In the early days of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang chose that place to build his tomb and it was renamed Linggu Temple with an inscription “The First Buddhist Forest” at the entrance of the mountain. Inside the temple was the Beamless Hall built in 1381 A D. in the Ming Dynasty. The hall <53.8 meters long; 37 85 meters wide and 22 meters high, so says the literature) was built entirely of bricks and stone with absolutely no wood. There are nine overlapping ridges and three dagobas decorating the top ridges In size, the Beamless Hall stood first and foremost of its kind in China. And beyond this are the Wind-through-Pines Pavilion and a nine-story octagonal pagoda, with a corridor encircled by stone rails on each story. Inside a spiral staircase winds up

through the nine stories. From the top one can get a panoramic view of the entire mausoleum area. By now we were getting in a fair share of climbing for the day, a fact fully revealed to us the next day. We were taken down a broad dual boulevard between whose roads were trees galore and stone animals bigger than life, some sitting and some standing. These are some of the remains of the Ming Dynasty. (Note: You have our word for it, when they begin talking of the various Chinese dynasties we get lost just like everyone else.) Bridge Over the Yangtze After a delicious lunch - one of the best we’ve had so far, our group viewed the now-famous Nanjing Changjiang river Bridge over the yangtze River. The Yangtze River literally cuts China into two separate areas, and crossing with cargo has always been a troublesome proposition for these people. They solved it by building this enormous bridge over the river. We were told American and Russian engineers were consulted about the feasibility of the bridge, and both groups said it was an impossible fete - just could not be done. The waters at this point are both deep and turbulent, to be sure. At any rate, Chinese engineers tackled the job, and here we are today with this nice big bridge - easily one of the great engineering projects of the world. It was begun in 1960 and completed and opened to traffic in 1968. The bridge is a dou-ble-decker with four lanes of traffic on the top deck and a double track for trains on the lower deck. We were taken inside the main building and shown a model of the vast project and had it explained to us. No mention was made of cost, but we were told only three builders lost their lives on the project. Outside, the rain continued to come down and the wind blew, and overhead, on the lower deck of the bridge, rolled an old steam engine. We got another view of the engine earlier today when we took a boat ride on the Yangtze River. From the water one can count the nine piers that support

A 1 ul lii » fc II A: iS The Changjiang River Bridge Over the Yangtse River at Nanjing, China The Changjiang (Yangtze) River is the longest river in China with a total length of over 6,300 kilometres (about 3,900 miles) Roaring down eastward from the Tibetan Plateau with its surging waves, the river traverses 9 provinces and municipalities before emptying into the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea Nanjing is situated on the lower reaches of the Changjiang, 380 kilometres (about 230 miles) west to the estuary Here the water runs deep and the current is swift, making the crossing difficult. For generations, people living on both banks of the river wished to build a bridge here across the Changjiang. However, for years this simply remained a dream. After new China was founded in 1949, under the guidance of Chairman Mao’s policy of “Maintaining independence and keeping the initiative in our own hands and relying on our efforts”, bridge builders and technicians, studied the advanced domestic and foreign experience in bridge building, especially the experience in building the Wuhan Changjiang River Bridge. Taking into consideration the hydrogeological conditions in Nanjing area, they designed and built the bridge with materials made in China. The construction began in 1960 and the bridge was completed and opened to traffic at the end of 1968. Thus the age-long dream of the people finally came true. The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge is a doubled-decker bridge with a double-track railway below and a four-lane highway above. The railway section, including the approaches, is 6,772 metres long (about 4 miles) while the highway section, including the approaches, is 4,589 metres long (nearly 3 miles). Totalling 1,577 metres (about 1 mile), the bridge proper spans across the river supported by 9 piers standing in the turbulent river water. At both ends of the bridge proper stand two bridgehead towers, each over 70 metres in height. Along the sidewalks of the highway bridge stand 150 pairs of graceful magnolia-shaped lamps. After nightfall when all the lights are turned on, they illuminate a whole stretch of several miles. It looks as if the milky way were resting across the wide river, adding beauty to the bridge. The highway approaches joining the bridge and the city are double-vaulted arched bridges with 22 arches in traditional Chinese style, and they seem to be two giant arms embracing both banks of the Changjiang, making the bridge look more magnificent. The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge has actually connected China’s north and south, linking up the Tianjin-Pukou Railway, China’s north-south transportation artery, with the Shanghai-Nanjing and Nanjing-Wuhu Railways as well as the highway network on both sides of the river. In the past it usually took 2 hours to cross the river. Furthermore, when there was a storm, the ferry had to be suspended. Now it only takes 2 or 3 minutes for a train to get across, thus greatly speeding up the traffic. It is obvious that the bridge plays an important role in China's socialist construction.

the bridge over the turbulent ri vpr (Note: The full statistics of this bridge appear in an accompanying box.) . The rest of the afternoon was free for some, but a quick view of a park revealed no pandas only led to shopping in a Friendship Store. A long row of identical bicycles caught Criss’s eye and of course we compared them to their American counterpart. “No tenspeeds here,” commented Criss. WE had an idea they all came off the state-run bicycle assembly line. We became curious about the cost, a fact that Chinese clerk could not communicate with us, so we roundedup our guide, who told us the cost was about $l7O American dollars.” When one thinks that the average worker makes about $24 American dollars per month and must feed and clothe his family on this paultry sum, the cost of a bicycle becomes a major expenditure. It’s probably his biggest single expenditure. Visit Kindergarten The educational benefits of the communist revolution have been enormous, we were told, and were to learn. Prior to 1949 (liberation) 80 percent of the population could neither read nor write. Now literally hundreds of millions are in one school or another. Our guidebook tells the entire country has been compared to an enormous school. And they teach them young. This has a two fold purpose: it begins the educational process early, and it gives parents an opportunity to give their full attention to their respective jobs. We visited a typical pre-school kindergarten and were greeted by a “Welcome” sign in front of the building. In a translated briefing the headmistress told us her staff of 85 has 417 pupils, who remain at the school for five and one-half days each week. Whichever day of the week the parents are off, they can pick their youngster up. The headmistress, who has held the same job since 1949, said they take care of all the children's needs, with special stress on health and physical education. Behind the headmistress we noticed a large color

map of the world with China in the center. All youngsters are up at seven a.m. for exercises. They stress outdoor activities. She called their system “not perfect, but we are always working to improve it.” They teach their children they should love their parents and country, learn to work diligently, and the meaning of good sound morality. The question of discipline came up — “What do you do to the incorrigible student? Do you spank them? “No,” came the quick reply. All they need is more TLC, tender loving care. Somehow it seems to work for them. Following our briefing, accompanied with the green tea. we visited the several classes. Their young teachers each had a classroom organ. While she played, the students sang and carried out elementary dance steps. You never saw a happier bunch of kids. We were all in agreement with this. Many in our group had some lit- , tie sort of souvenir from America to give the youngsters. Arch had 50 new pennies and Criss had some stickers they could wear on their little jackets. All this was passed out to the delight of the young recipients. Della had an American dictionary with normally misspelled English words which she gave to the headmistress. Also well received. The photographers in our group had a field day shooting pictures around the school. Try A Message Sometime This afternoon — the 23rd — many in our group visited a city museum which covered a wide range of things germane ,to China. Those who go in for this type of thing liked it very much. Criss went along, but Della and Arch opted to stay in our room on the 19th floor of the Jingling Hotel and catch up on our home work. Della called the beauty parlor of the hotel to have her hair washed and set. It wasn’t but a few momentsuntil she made a call to room 1914 for Arch to come to the beauty parlor, camera in hand. It turned out Della was also getting a massage in the beauty parlor. “This really does the trick,” she exclaimed. Especially after all the walking the day before, and the climbing of the 382 steps up the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. That could only mean one thing: that Arch also had to have a massage. Take it from us: this sort of thing should catch on in America — and we’re not talking about the American-type massage parlor. A note of sadness could be heard among our group that we are leaving Nanjing. This, for several reasons: first, there is so much to see here and we have been treated so hospitably. But as much as anything we hate to be leaving the absolutely wonderful Jingling Hotel. All accommodations are superb, and everyone feels they can only come down from here. And so it is that we’re off for an over-night train ride to Qufu. Lake City Bank to host panel Lake City Bank officials will once again host an Economic Briefing Panel Thursday, March 29, at 7:30 a.m. at the Warsaw Holiday Inn. Panel members of this seminar will be Wayne Bartholomew, assistant professor of economics and Paul A. Joray, chairman of the division of business and economics and associate professor of economics, both from Indiana University, South Bend Dr. Bartholomew previously taught at Benedict College where he served as director of the economics and business department. He has undertaken research in various aspects of the local economy, national economic forecasting and the economic position of minorities in the United States. Dr. Joray has done extensive work in the area of fact-finding and mediation for the public school system in Indiana. His professional interests are labor markets, collective bargaining, transportation policy and manpower development. Cars collide at intersection Cathy Stuckman, 30, r 5 box 94 Syracuse, and Lee A. Price, 16, r 2 box 239 Milford, were involved in a mishap at Pickwick Road and the access road near the Dairy Queen in Syracuse on Friday, March 23, at 8:01 p.m. Syracuse Police report that Price had stopped for the stop sign on the access road and then started to cross Pickwick Road when his auto was struck by the Stuckman car. Mrs. Stuckman was making a left turn off SR 13 onto Pickwick Road when her vehicle hit the Price auto. Police reported that Price had failed to yield the right of way. No citations were issued. Damage to the Price auto, registered to Price Auto Repair, Milford, was up to SI,OOO. Damage to the Stuckman auto was also estimated up to SI,OOO. Syracuse Police Officer Robert Houser investigated.

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VISIT PRE-SCHOOL KINDERGARTEN - Criss was taken by a pre-school kindergarten we visited in Nanjing, and took this photo of some youngsters cutting out paper figures for us. There were 417 students here. Education has made a great leap forward under communism in China.

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REMAINS OF MING DYNASTY — Not far from the Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing is a broad, well-traveled avenue along which are a large number of stone animals, which we were told is the remains of the famous Ming Dynasty.

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Wed., March 28,1984 - THE MAIL-JOURNAL

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