The Mail-Journal, Volume 7, Number 33, Milford, Kosciusko County, 16 September 1970 — Page 11

TAc Mail i, cxJjA I PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY V The Milford Mall (E»t 1888) Syracuse-Wawasee Journal (Eat 1907) Consolidated Into The Mall-Journal Feb. 15. 1982 DEMOCRATIC ARCHIBALD E. BAUMGARTNER. Editor and Publisher DELLA BAUMGARTNER, Business Manager Box 8 Syracuse, Ind., — 46567 J EDITORIALS

Disarming Opportunists An economist who has served the government in various capacities has developed a new concept of tabulating unemployment statistics. It starts with the fact that there is a sizeable group of persons, largely women and teen-agers, who move in and out of the labor force according to the availability of jobs. This “labor reserve,” as it is called, is not officially looking for work and does not represent “hardship” unemployed for the most part. The statistics are adjusted for the movement of this Say It Again John In the furor which the Women’s Liberation movement has raised, the words of John Ruskin some generations ago are worth recounting: “We are foolish, and without excuse foolish, in speaking of the superiority of one sex to the other, as if they could be compared in similar things’ Each has Two License Plates Those with good memories recall that once upon a time Indiana issued two license plates for each car, one for the front and one for the back. This practice was discontinued during World War II in an effort to conserve metal and we have not returned to it. Law enforcement officials have, for several years, called for a return to the \,two license plate system but their demands have been ignored. They will get another chance during the next General Assembly session. A resolution will be introduced before the next Legislature to return to two plates. * We at WOWO think it makes good sense for all automobiles and trucks to have two license When police are

I J Bayh-Lines FROM WASHINGTON f 3t| ■f iCLr f - ESUJtL A ACTOAT TO Tx KOH4 Os MOUVM f *OM U. S MNUM »<«CH IA«H

Operations Os Our Federal Law Making Body

WASHINGTON — Congress attracts thousands of visitors every year, many of them residents of our own state of Indiana A good portion of them pass through my office, and frequently they ask Questions about how Congress really works With September the “back-to-school'’ month for most of our youngsters, it occurred to me that this would be a good time to provide a general overview for all of us on the operations of our federal law-making body. For the next several columns, therefore. I will discuss this complex, but fascinating, process. For a start, let us consider the organization and role of Congress Congress today consists of 535 members, 100 in the Senate and 435 in the House of Represen tatives j . Each state has two Senators who are elected for six years. Their terms are staggered so that in any election year, only onethird of the Senate is up for reelection. Thus, for example, in our state. Senator Hartke’s term began in 1965, while my current term began in 1969. Representatives are elected every two years. This means that every two years the entire House stands for reelection — that is, assuming all members wish to be . elected again! A Congress is known by its members. The Congress now in session, for example, is the 91st in our history . Each of the two years of a Congress is known as a session. Thus. 1969 was the first

group, as well as for other factors such as the age and sex composition of the population. Applied to the current jobless picture, this new procedure shows that unemployment is not as severe as the Mstatistics show. Regardless of what method is used, more accurate unemployment information would go x- far toward disarming the opportunistic politician who seizes upon an exaggerated jobless rate to make political hay with the voters. what the other has not; each completes the other; they are in nothing alike; and the happiness and perfection of both depend on each asking and receiving from the other what the other only can give.” —lndianapolis Star looking for a certain license number, as in the case of a stolen car, they are handicapped by the absence of plates on the fronts of vehicles. Some among us will argue that the use of two license plates will cost the state more money. They should remember, however, that the plates are produced in the shops of the Indiana State Prison where labor costs are low. So, the added expense should not be great. Since law enforcement officers want two license plates and agree that it would help them in the performance of their duties, we at WOWO think the return would be worth the investment. WOWO Fort Wayne Radio

session of the 91st Congress, and we are now in the midst of the secnd session of the 91st Congress In just two months, we will elect the 92nd Congress, but it will not be installed until January. The qualifications for membership in Congress have remained unchanged since our Founding Fathers drew up the Constitution. A House member must be at least 25 years old. a citizen of this country for at least seven years, and a resident of the state from which he is elected. A senator must be 30 years old. have been a citizen for at least nine years, and a resident of the state from which he is elected. Congress has broad powers. It alone has the power to collect and spend our tax dollars. Through the impeachemnt process, it can remove members of both the executive and judicial branches of the government—although this power is seldom used. And above all else, it makes the laws which govern our land. The House and Senate share a number of legislative powers, such as taxation, tariff regulation, coinage of money, maintenance of the armed forces, and declarations of war. But each body also has powers reserved to it alone. All laws for raising money must originate in the House, and it alone holds the power of impeachment— that is, the power to bring charges of misbehavior against officials. The Senate, on the other hand, tries all im-

peachments, and through its power of ‘'advice and consent" monitors treaties and major appointments made by the President. Congress is organized along strictly political lines. During the first few days of the first session in January, therefore, Democrats and Republicans will caucus separately and elect leaders. The Speaker, the presiding officer of the House? is elected by the majority party The minority party names a Minority Leader for the House. In the Senate, the majority party elects the President pro tempore, who presides over the Senate while the Vice-President is absent, and the Majority Leader, who wields most ot the power. Like the House, the Senate also names a Minority Leader Actually, of course, only the House elects its leaders regularly. every two years. Since the Senate is a continuous body, its leadership carries over from one Congress to another, unless the party balance changes radically At the present time. Senator Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.) is Senate Majority Leader, and Senator Richard Russell (D-Ga.,) serves as President "pro tern" (as it is usually called.) The Minority Leader is Senator Hugh Scott (R-Pa). In the House, Congressman John McCormack (D-Mass.) is presently Speaker, although he has announced plans to retire at the end of this session. The position of Majority Leader is held by Carl Albert (D-Okla.) and Gerald Ford (R-Mich) bolds the post of Minority Leader. Each new House makes its own rules, but the Senate, as a continuing body, carries over its rules from one Congress to another. A major organizing task of each new Congress is to assign its members to the various committees that do most of the nittygritty work of law-making. In my next column. I will discuss the makeup and operation of these committees.

,W. ill rT \ \ V \ '

Know Your Indiana Law ■ By JOHN J. DILLON Attorney at Law This b a public service article explaining provisions of Indiana law in general terms. 'Peace Bonds'

Have you ever heard a person complain: “Do I have to wait until a person kills or injures me before the law acts?” These words are often spoken by a person who fears that another person wll injure him or destroy his property. Tljie law in Indiana does provide an unusual remedy for persons who feel that their person br their property may be injured by acts of violence. This remedy is called surety of the peace, or more commonly, a peace bond. When, one fears that another person will injure him or his property, he can go to a Justice of

SPECIAL REPORT FROM WASHINGTON

Nixon Hopes To Avoid Mideast Showdown

WASHINGTON — President Nixon has rejected a suggestion that the U.S. publish reconnaissance proving that the Egyptians have violated the cease-fire. During the Cuban crisis, the United States backed up its charges by releasing secret $ photographs. However. President Nixon decided to keep the detailed evidence of Egyptian violations strictly private. In this £ way, he hoped to avoid a showdown with the Soviets and Egyptians that might have $ broken up the negotiations. He made this crucial decision last week at San Clemente after solemn talks with Secretary of State Bill Rogers, W*hite House foreign affairs advisor Henry Kissinger and State Department Middle East negotiator Jeseph Sisco. l’he President personally examined the reconnaissance photographs which were rushed to him by CIA Director Richard Helms. The President remarked to aides afterwards that some of the pictures weren’t £ as clear cut as he had thought. CHINESE IN MIDEAST Communist China is doing its utmost, apparently, to stir up the Middle East crisis. The Chinese not only have been smuggling arms to the Arab guerrillas, but have been egging them to break the Arab-Israeli truce. Clearly, the Chinese hope to thwart the Soviet-American peace effort Their agents in the Middle East have sought to whip up the Arabs against both super powers. The Chinese have backed up their words, incidentally, with military shipments. Intelligence reports assert that two planeloads of Chinese communist arms have been flown into Amman. Jordan, in the past few days. Other weapons reportedly have arrived by £ slow boat from China at the Syrian port of Latakia and at the Persian Gulf port ot Basra. The Iraquis allegedly are helping the Chinese to smuggle the arms across the desert. Israelii commandos have captured some of the Chinese arms. They are slick Soviet models produced in Chinese factories. The appearance of Chinese weapons in the Middle East is evidence of a reported struggle between the Russians and the Chinese for Arab allegiance. U. S. intelligence reports say that the Chinese are courting Arab guerrillas . in an attempt to counteract Soviet influence :j: with the Arab governments. I

the Peace Court and swear, in an affidavit, that he believes that that person will injure him, or some member of his family, by acts of violence, that he needs the protection of the law, and that the affidavit is not made out of malice or anger. After the affidavit is filed, a constable or sheriff serves a warrant for the arrest of the defendant. The Justice of the Peace can set a bond from $50.00 to $1,000.00. This bond is posted to guarantee that the defendant will appear before the Justice of the Peace on a certain date to answer the charges in the affidavit. The

Justice of the Peace then holds a hearing, taking testimony under oath of the complaining party, and any other witness called by the prosecutor of the county who presents the evidence on behalf of the State of Indiana and the complaining party. The Justice of the Peace must make a deter-, mination whether or not the complaining party has just cause to believe that the defendant will injure him. his family or damage his property. This must not be based upon idle threats but upon a showing that the defendant really intends to do violence to the complaining party. If the Justice of the Peace finds that the complaining party has just cause to entertain the fears expressed, the defendant can be bound over to the court in the county haying criminal jurisdiction. The circuit or criminal court can then have a hearing, and if probable cause is found, the court can set a bond requiring the defendant to keep the peace. If the defendant fails to keep the peace, this bond can be forfeited and he can be committed to the county jail for a period not to exceed 90 days. The usual practice of Justice of

EGYPTIAN INEFFICIENCY? Donald Bergus. our man in Cairo, has suggested in a confidential cable that the Egyptian violations of the cease-fire may not have been deliberate. He said the Egyptians had been trying to rush Soviet missiles into the truce zone ahead of the cease-fire deadline. The inefficient Egyptians were typically slow and failed to beat the deadline, he reported. Therefore, they simply continued the movement until it was finished several hours after the ceasefire had been declared. HIGHWAY LOBBY Secretary of Transportation John Volpe is working feverishly to convince members of his own party on Capitol Hill that the nation's highways need beautifying. There are 800.000 billboards along the 235,000 miles of highways, even though the 1965 Highway Beautification Act ordered the billboards to be removed. Now a powerful lobby led by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company is Fighting the removals. Not only does Minnesota Mining own thousands of billboards itself, but it makes a fabric called Scotchlite that is used on many of the 800,000 signs. Volpe is pushing a simple measure which would let the government pay billboard owners a fair price to tear down the billboards. But surprisingly strong opposition has come from Republicans on the House Public Works Committee. Florida's Congressman Bill Cramer, for one, has been doing everything possible to block the Volpe plan and thus favor Minnesota Mining — which has major interests in Cramer’s home state. The Senate has already approved the Volpe plan in principle. Now, Volpe is meeting secretly with House „ Republicans to lobby it through the House. PANTHERS AND HOMOSEXUALS „ The Philadelphia police are relieved the departure from Philadelphia of the Black Panther convention. The police had been tipped off that militant Panthers had sworn to kill Frank Rizzo, the Philadelphia Police Commissioner' in retaliation for his recent raids on three Black Panther offices. There was an untold controversy, incidentally, in one of the Black Panther secret sessions during the convention. Several

CongressionaJ Comer: John Brademas Reports From Washington

Credit Cards; Head Start For All Children; Sesame Street

Congress met after the Labor Day break to consider eleyen 'pieces of legislation. Although in some ways an ordinary week, it is worth talking about because the actions of Congress affected real people in real ways. Several of the bills considered in the House were for minor adjustments in the way the public lands are operated. We added some islands to the National parks system here, and made some National Seashore there. These bills were passed in a great tradition, one dating back to President Theodore Roosevelt at the turn of the century. This is the tradition that we conserve some of the land for all the people. As the country becomes more and more covered with city — sometimes with urban civilization and sometimes just urban sprawl — we need more places where we can return to nature: nature at its best is conserved by the loving hand of man. CREDIT CARDS The House passed another bill of interest to many Americans, one to regulate the use of the mails in distributing credit cards to the public. Banks and finance companies have been using the mails to get credit cards to lots of people at the same time, and the result has often been chaos. ’ Credit cards have been sent to children. They have been sent to the dead. They have been sent to wrong addresses and to people who have not lived at an address for years. Often the cards have been stolen and honest people have had their credit ratings ruined. the Peace is not to bind defendants over to the court having criminal jurisdiction, but merely continue the matter pending the good conduct of the defendant. Although any person is entitled to use this remedy, it is widely used by women who fear their husbands, but cannot avail themselves of a restraining order in a divorce or separation proceeding because they have not met the residence requirements of six months in the county and one year in the state to bring a suit for divorce or separation. Copywright 1970 by John J. Dillon

Panthers were up in arms over the policy of Huey Newton, the organization’s >•: minister of information, who had called upon Black Panthers to join with homosexuals in £ waging revolution. POLLUTION REGISTRY £ Rep. Henry Reuss of Wisconsin is calling * administration and industry witnesses to ;< Capitol Hill to ask them why nobody knows £ how much waste is going into our streams. £ Six years ago, a House conservation £ committee urged that a registry of industrial £ waste be set up. But corporate lobbyists £ blocked it four times. £ Now the problem is acute. The federal £ government knows how much waste is going £ through municipal systems, but it has no idea £ howjhuch is going directly into rivers from £ factories. £ Reuss has no intention of letting the £ question go unanswered another six years. £ HEADLINES AND FOOTNOTES Government scientists are deeply con- £ ceroed over the contamination of fish. They claim that fish devour wastes floating in the £ ocean, including lumps of tar and radioactive particles. These are passed on to people who catch and eat the fish. ... The decision to drop two lunar landings and reduce space £ exploration has demoralized America’s 45 £ astronauts. They have gone through the world’s most rigorous training for the £ privilege of curising through space and £ perhaps walking on the moon. With a cutback £ to four lunar flights, no more than 12 of the 45 £ astronauts will be able to fly to the moon ... £ Senate Democratic leader Mike Mansfield ••• £ has promised junior Senators to re-examine £ the seniority system next year. The freshmen £ complain that it literally takes over 20 years, £ on the average, for a Senator to rise to a £’ committee chairmanship. The result is that the average age of Senate chairmen today is £ nearly 66 — beyond the age when most cor* porations compel their executives to retire. £ Six committee chairmen are in their 70s, six £ in their 60s, only three in their 50s. . . . Last £ spring a group of Negro educators met with President Nixon to appeal for funds. They £ pleaded that federal aid is essential to keep many all-black colleges operating. The President listened politely and promised to £ take action. That’s the last they heard from £ him. >: &

The bill the House passed, which now awaits Senate approval, will make certain that companies mailing credit cards must keep track of each card they send out. HEADSTART FOR ALL CHILDREN The select Education Subcommittee, of which I am chairman, took a step this week to help the children of working mothers gain security and'peace of mind. We reported out—unanimously—the Corn-' prehensive Child Development Bill, potentially the most important education law since federal aid to education was passed in 1965. The bill would provide Head Start type programs — including educational, , health and nutritional services — not only for poor children but for millions of other American children as well. SESAME STREET This past week I also voted with a bipartisan rtajority to provide another year of financing for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. The Corporation for Public Broadcasting has, among its other efforts, supported Sesame Street, the children’s TV program which has been seen by seven million children daily over the last year and has won such widespread applause. The Corporation for Public Broadcasting is still, an essentially experimental organization. Congress has authorized up to S2O million for it in the coming year and S3O million the year after. Compared to the hundreds of millions of dollars that go into running the advertiser sponsored networks, this is a tiny budget. To its credit, the Corporation uses the money well: it has reached a working arrangement with the National Education Television Network; it produces Sesame Street for less than a penny a viewer a day; and it has developed the public Broadcast Services which will interconnect the Nation’s 166 public TV stations on a full time basis. That’s what it’s like in Congress: a succession of bills which are aimed at making life a little better for people here and there. All in all it was a good week. i X;

By JACK ANDERSON