The Mail-Journal, Volume 7, Number 10, Milford, Kosciusko County, 8 April 1970 — Page 11

What A Soybean Grower Must Do Before He Applies His Herbicide

By W. P. SYLWESTER There is an almost astounding array of herbicides from which to choose in 1970. In fact, soybean growers report to me that with all the new materials introduced recently, it gets mighty confusing. But weed control doesn't start with the chemical. There are many decisions to be made before the farmer contacts his chemical dealer. Before discussing the important subject of choosing the right herbicide, let’s talk about the decisions that must come before planting. PREPARE THE SEEDBED WELL! This just can’t be overstressed—the more- thoroughly the soybean grower prepares the seedbed, the more weeds are* killed prior to planting. It would be just plain shortsighted on/me part of the grower if he did not utilize to the fullest the sophisticated power equipment he has at his disposal. Soybeans are planted later than com. This gives the grower extra time to put on one or two additional diskings, or

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harrowings, to kill out one or two more “waves” of weed seedlings. True, the planting time is a little later, but remember that soybeans are a warm weather crop and they need to be planted a little later. The quicker soybeans germinate and emerge, the better able they will be to grow fast, to outdistance and shade out the weed crop. A long sojourn of the seed in the soil, due to cold temperatures, means a slowgrowing seedling, more exposed to disease organisms and offering less and slower competition for the weeds. Another reason for delayed planting and more seedbed preparation: If chemicals are *used to supplement cultural practices of weed control, they are applied later and will usually work better because the chemicals like to operate best under the same favorable conditions under which the soybeans like to grow. We have learned by experience to put our demonstration plots on the farms of growers who firmly believe in good seedbed

preparation. When we do this, the chethicals work best. In 1969. for instance, in every plot where w r e measured yields, the treated plots yielded better than where only cultural control was used. Good seedbed preparation, repeated weekly working of the soil to kill weed seedlings and warm up the soil, planting beans in a warm seedbed, using chemicals to bolster the cultural weed control practices, all pay big dividends. If the field is relatively weed free, extra working may not be necessary. It’s time-consuming and expensive to work the land repeatedly if there are no germinating weeds to be killed. Don’t worry about “compacting” the soil with repeated working. Do such operations only when the soil is friable and resilient. Then you don’t have to worry about “compaction.” It has been grossly overemphasized under most conditions. Such repeated working will do much to help get rid of such robust weeds as buttonweed, cocklebur and sunflower for which there are really no chemicals which will guarantee 100 per cent control. Some of the chemicals will help to get a certain number of these seedlings but none of them will subdue all of them, so there are many good justifiable reasons why thorough seedbed preparation is in order Experimental work done oyer a 14-year period indicates that under average weed infestations, where control is based on cultural control only, losses due to weeds amount to 3.8 bushels per acre on the average annually. If soybean yields are to be increased, this loss must be stopped. Many fields, of course, don’t suffer this loss, but in many of our demonstrations we have seen yield losses of 4 to 20 bushels per acre. The single most important decision a farmer must make is choosing the right chemical for specific weeds and in the right amount.

This choice is his and must be carefully considered. Does he want an “annual grass killer" only, or does he want a material which will control both annual grasses and broadleaved weeds? If the weeds are perennials or such robust annuals as jimsonweed, cockleburs and sunflowers. . then he had better consider extremely thorough seedbed preparation, delayed planting to enable a couple of extra weekly workings of the soil —then use a “broad spectrum” chemical. He should not neglect thorough harrowing, rotary hoeing or cultivation practices. Even in spite of all this thorough cultural control, he should above all practice some of that famous “biological control” that we constantly hear about and which many of us have practicedgetting off the tractor seat and walking the fields and controlling them through pulling or cutting directly in the rows! KNOW YOl’R WEED PROBLEMS! There are at least fair preplanting treatments, 15 preemergence, and three possible postemergence chemicals which can be used and more chemicals and combinations of chemicals are coming. Thus it is imperative that the grower know the exact major weed problerh and choose the exact chemical for his purpose. He should buy only enough for his needs and use all of it. This avoids storage, carryover, and label-changing-or-losing problems. He should be positive to leave “check" areas in order to assess results. Chemicals are constantly improving so it is not wise to be content with a material simply because it has performed well for you in the past. In experimenting with new materials: 1) Try them on small areas first, 2) assess their worth as to performance against the older established materials, 3) judge their safety so far as the crop is concerned, and 4) compare them cost-w’ise. With the tendency to narrower rows, “blanket," “over all,” or “broad-cast” treatments will assume more importance. The grower should be careful to keep records as to application rate. date, temperature, and moisture conditions. Chemicals

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to bolster cultural weed control are here to stay and the quicker the grower becomes familiar with these chemicals, the better. Change is constantly occurring, not only in chemicals, but in soybean varieties. Not all soybeans behave exactly alike as to maturity date, fertilizer, yield, shattering or resistance to chemicals. Only the grower’s experience with all these practices will give him the answers. He must use the whole “ball of wax” in order to get top yields. There’s no use spending time and money to get four to five bushels of extra yield through good weed control and then leave that many bushels in the field due to combining and shattering losses AMIBEN —A MAJOR TOOL As new weed control materials come into the picture Amiben will continue to be the major chemical by which they all are compared. A preemergence weed killer. Amiben has been used extensively by lowa farmers since it was first introduced for control of both broadleaved weeds and grasses. It has stood up well in performance over the years and continues to be one of the most effective tools we have for the control of both annual grasses and broadleaved weeds. A Reprinted from the Amchem Sponsored Research Bulletin FARM TECHNOLOGY The Magazine for County Agents & Agricultural Specialists January. 1970 Considerable Interest Shown In Craft Workshop There has been considerable interest in the 4-H craft workshops being held at the County Fairgrounds in Warsaw. Mrs. Kenneth Anglin is instructing a class of about 30 in the art of decoupage. The members are making several articles from decorating assorted boxes to all sizes of wall plaques. Some of the articles are decorator pieces. Mrs. Don Davidsen is teaching a class in knitting and crocheting. Her class of about 30 girls and their mothers have learned to knit and are all busy making a knitted vest and those who are interested will learn to crochet at the next meeting. Mrs. Frank Beiber is working with a similar size group and they are learning to do leather tooling. Many beautiful articles can be made from leather although these classes are mainly the basic skills. The leather class meets at the 4-H fair office building and the knitting and decoupage classes are held in the women's building, all on the Fairgrounds. Due to a mix up in schedules, there were no classes on Monday, March 30. but the classes resumed again cm April 6th at 7:30 p.m There will be two additional classes, dates to be announced latpr.

. ' \r ■' ; I Ji • - - SATURDAY EASTER EGG HI NT — Approximately 150 children, from preschoolers to and including the sixth grade level, braved the chill and last week's snow which remained in spots, to take part in the Jaycee’s Easter egg hunt at the Syracuse city park Saturday afternoon. Pictured here are a small amount of children immediately after the hunt started in one section of the park. Winners in the pre-school group were Porshia Price and David Allen Colbert: first through third grade. Janice Kay Hoover and Gary Miller ; and fourth through sixth. Mike Knight and Dixie Knisley. Sonya Crow was the grand prize winner for finding the black egg. Sponsored by the local Jaycees for the second year, this is expected to be an annual affair. In charge of arrangements this year was Dallas McKibben, assisted by Rodger Terry Schrock. Chief of police Orville Vander-Reyden was on hand for the event and graciously supplied the paper with a picture.

Unto Caesar IChat Is Caesars’

TIME HAS,arrived to “render unto Caesar what is Caesar’s” with the approach of the April 15 tax deadline. Individual taxpayers will receive their introduction to the new tax forms resulting from the 1969 Income Tax Reform Law. We predict the results will be disastrous. Due to the subjects magnitude and importance, two columns will be devoted to taxation For an insight into the overall tax situation, we consulted Lawrence A. Jegen 111. one of the top tax authorities. He is a former associate dean of the Indiana University School of Law in Indianapolis. teaches taxation, holds masters degrees in accounting and taxation, as well as a doctor of jurisprudence in law. Professor Jegen has participated in at least ten major tax institutes since January 1, instructing from 2.000 to 3.000 people in the provisions of the new law. Many were internal revenue and state revenue personnel. Commenting on the 1969 Tax Reform Law. Professor Jegen said: “It is a tremendously complex package, passed at the end of 1969, and is the most comprehensive revision of the Internal Revenue Code ever enacted. However, though it is the most comprehensive, it affects very few taxpayers. It will remove some very' low income taxpayers from the tax rolls and

Wed.. April. X, 1970 — THE MAIL-JOURNAL

collect more taxes in some situations from some very high income taxpayers. Unfortunately. the law making these cjhanges is absurdly complex, allows the high income taxpayers loopholes, and is not what the American taxpayer thinks of as being tax reform.” The complexity is borne out by the stampede of taxpayers to professional tax services and to the delay in filing returns. Returns are reported running nearly 30 percent behind last year. About 50 percent of the taxpayers paid somebody to make out their returns last year. The new “simplified" Federal tax forms are so complicated, it is estimated more than 40 million taxpayers will pay from $5 to SSO for income tax accountants or tax services to complete the returns. One tax service reports it has 7 million customers in 1970. Other services report up to 300 percent increase in business. There is a very real possibility that many of the 77 million tax returns filed by individuals will contain errors due to the inability of the taxpayers to understand what they are to do. Many taxpayers were not claiming .deductions to which they were entitled, nor reporting income. so new forms were designed for the protection of the taxpayer. Accounting firms estimate they will spend up to 25 percent more time to do the same returns, largely due to the forms.

The forms and -not the new law is the cause of the immediate confusion. Professor Jegen pointed out; “There are very few law changes that went into effect that would affect the normal individual taxpayer in 1969 other than the forms themselves. The taxpayer thinks it effects him right now, at once, but most of the changes are postponed. Real help for the small income taxpayer is postponed three and four years.” The new law provides an increase in personal exemptions, including blind and over 65 taxpayers, on a staggered basis. Exemptions increase from the present S6OO level for 1969 income to $625 in 1970; $650 in 1971; and S7OO in 1972. The real effect is not until 1973 when the exemption tops at $750. Another postponed benefit is the standard deduction, the amount you may deduct without itemizing and proving. Now you may deduct 10 percent of SI,OOO of your adjusted gross income, whichever is less. It is not changed for 1970. The deduction increases in 1971. and by 1973 you will be able to deduct $2,000 or 15 percent of your adjusted gross income without itemizing. The increase in the allowable standard deduction will eliminate the need for abut 70 percent of the individuals to itemize the deductions. While th£ new tax law was called a “reform” it is not a true reform. All of the confusion this year cannot be attributed to the new law. Much of the benefit to individuals are postponed and not in effect. Tomorrow, we will discuss “true tax reform” and the pressing need for such legislation in the United States today. LUTHER MANUEL TO UNDERGO SURGERY Luther (“Luke”) Manuel of r 2 North Manchester is scheduled for surgery today (Wednesday) in the St. Joseph hospital in Fort Wayne. He has been hospitalized as a result of an accident at 3:25 p.m. Thursday six-tenths of a mile west of Larwill on U.S. 30. Temporary pins were placed in his leg which was most severely injured pending the surgery. Manuel, 30 years of age, is a state highway employee and was working on the highway with two other employees at patching holes when he was struck by a truck. The truck, a 1966 Chicago Leasing Company vehicle, was driven by James F. Koblinski. He said he was unable to see the employee in time to avoid hitting him as there was a semi-truck passing the state truck at the same time. The truck had its revolving light in operation. Investigating the personal injury were state troopers F. K. Kessler and Hugh Geiger.

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