The Mail-Journal, Volume 5, Number 7, Milford, Kosciusko County, 22 March 1967 — Page 4

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THE MAIL-JOURNAL

Photographic Copy Os 1826 Treaty In Syracuse Library

BY J. B. COX SYRACUSE, INDIANA-A photographic copy of the treaty between the Chiefs and Warriors of the Miami Indian tribes of Indiana and the United Slates of America, signed October 23. 1826, near the mouth of the Mississinewa River, upon the Wabash River in the state of Indiana, has been placed in the Syracuse Public Library by Eli Lilly, of Lake Wawasee and Indianapolis. The treaty is written in longhand, six pages in length, each page being of size near 11 x 15 inches. An accompanying letter from the U. S. Commissioners addressed to the President of the United States, John Quincy Adams, introduces the treaty. The Commissioners signing for the United States were Louis Cass, James B. Ray and John Tipton. The chiefs signing for the tribes were 35 in number, all making their mark, as witnessed by interpreters and others, and the first chief to make his mark was Chief Wau-Wa-Aus-See (Wawasee) of local fame. Others includes Flat Belly, LaGro. White Raccoon, etc. The treaty officially cedes to the United States all claims of the Miami tribes of land in the state of Indiana, north and west of the Wabash and Miami Rivers, and also makes valid a treaty made by the tribes and the United States signed at St. Mary’s on October 6. 1818. The treaty sets out the various reservations for the use of the tribes in Indiana, including 36 sections of land for Chief Flat Belly’s village. Chief Flat Belly’s home, built under this treaty was south of Cromwell in Sparta township, and the outline of the foundation of this home is still to be seen there. Other reservations for other chiefs are described. The treaty outlines that "goods to the value of »1.040.53 have been delivered to the Miami tribe, from the U. S. government Also the U.S. further engages to “deliver to the said tribes m the course of the next summer, the additional sum of $26.259.00 in goods." if this treaty is ratified by the U. S. Senate. It is also agreed that an annuity of $35.000 00. two thousand of which shall be in goods, shall be paid to the tribes in 1827. and $30,000.00. five thousand of which shall be paid in goods, shall be delivered in 1828. after which time a permanent annuity of $25,000 per yesar shall be paid to them, as long as they shall exist together as a tribe. The United States further engages to furnish a “waggon and one yoke j of oxAi for each of the following persons: Joseph Richardsville. Fran- j cois Godfrey. Black Racoon. Flat' Belly. Little Beaver. Melloxnea <?). Leek, and Little Curor; and one I waggon and a yoke of oxen for the band living at the forks of the Wa-,

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Wednesday. March 22, 1967

hash " And also to furnish the said tribe with 200 head of cattle 4 to 6 years old, 200 head of hogs, and to cause annually to be delivered to them 2000 lbs. of iron. 1000 lbs. of steel, 1000 lbs. of tobacco. And also the U. S. was to provide five laborers to work three months of the year for the small villages, and three laborers to work three months of the year for the Mississinewa band. The United States was also to pay debts now owed by the tribes amounting to sum of $57,724.24. Also the United States was to pay the sum of $2,000.00 annually “as long as Congress may think proper, for the support of poor, infirm persons of the Miami tribe, and for the education of the youth of the tribe; which sum shall be expended under the direction of the President of the United States." The treaty’ outlines that “The Miami tribe of Indians shall enjoy the right of hunting upon the lands'herein conveyed, as long as the same shall be the property of the United States." Also included in the gift of Mr. Lilly to the Syracuse Public Library are two loose-leaf books containing detailed surveyors drawings, notes, and explanations. of all the various Indian reservations set up by this treaty. A drawing with detailed measurements, etc., of the houses to be built for the various chiefs of the tribes on their reservations, is also shown. The value of each house thus built was to be not more than S6OO 00. The houses were to be 32 x 16 feet in size, one story, each with four windows of 12 lights each, two doors, a chimney at each end: instructions are given as to the foundation, with eight feet between the floors, all to be finished “in a durable and workmanlike manner by the 25th of December, next” TTie surveyors' notes, made in 1828. all in longhand, show the various kind of trees, bushes, springs, etc. In the section describing Turkey Lake (Wawasee) the surveyor states: "The largest portion of the land in this township is of a thin quality of soil, rather broken and 3rd rate. The principal timber is iW. Oak. Huckefoerry bushes were ' I found in some places in the barrens. There is a great deal of timber in the township. Turkey Lake has been i raised about five feet above level by reason of a mill dam which has been erected at the outlet of Turkey Creek; in consequence of which a large body of marshy prairie and some finely timbered land belonging ;to the government, has been inundated At the period when it was meandered, owing to the. long (???' ; drought in the fall and summer and winter preceding, the lake had subi sided to something like three feet below the level in ordinary seasons . since the erection of the dam. The

t imber on the land overflowed is totally destroyed. Several hundred acres, it is believed, has been rendered valueless in consequence of the erection of the dam. This might be partially reclaimed by its removal." Mr. Lilly has been a student of local and Indian history, and this copy of the Indian treaty and surveyors' notes, is a valuable addition to the local library. The Library board is now considering ways of preserving the papers and making them available to the public. Mr. Lilly had the archives of the federal government searched at Washington. D. C., for the information and copies in this historicr’ document. Tornado WatchTornado Warning LAFAYETTE — Tornado watch — tornado warning. . .what’s the difference? Tornado watch is the first official alert from the weather bureau, explains Dick WiUsey, extension safety sapecialist at Purdue university. The watch means weather condition are favorable for a tornado to develop, but one has not been sighted. Listen to radio or television stations for further bulletins on weather conditions, areas affected and the period of time during which tornado probabilities are high. Tornado warning is the official term used when a tornado has been sighted. This means a tornado has been seen in an area and it is time to take shelter precautions. Take shelter in a tornado cellar, underground excavation or the southwest coraer of a basement, advises Willsey. If your home does not have a basement, take shelter in the center part of the house — in a hallwav. small room or closet. Get under a table for protection from falling debris. Open windows on the east or northeast side of your home if you have time. However, do not take shelter near windows because of danger from breaking glass. The more truthful a man is himself. the more ready he is to believe others. Mr. and Mrs. Gene Kitson and Mr. and Mrs. Marty Graff have returned to Syracuse from Delavan. W»., where they were called Sunday by the illness of Mrs. Kitson’s brother-in-law, Louis Hastings, who suffered a heart attack Sunday morning. Mr. Hastings is some what improved.

Mrs. Williams Writes From Africa Dear Friends: February 24 was the anniversary of Liberation Day — from Nkrumah; today (March 6) is Independance Day —a day celebrated because he won from the British the right for Ghana to have her own government. Both days are holidays — without him. Since there is no school, I shall get off a few notes. This week has been more than warm; it seems that March brings that old 96 degree heat night and day. I’ll trade you one of your cold spells — at least for a week. We have had a few rains which have helped the water shortage. Friday was an interesting day though where we were it was even hotter. My librarians and I visited the worlds second richest gold mine. The other is in South Africa. Our Obusai Gokifoelds is about 35 miles from Kumasi. The kitehen prepared rice and stew for the girls and I took along a peanut butter sandwich and — as usual — coffee. The driver drove onside a village, and with no formalities we were deposited in a courtyard where one of the seniors put the plates down on the ground and began dishing out stew. I’ve never seen so much rice eaten. Each girl had what we would normally feed a family. Now and then a chicken would wander in — which I didn’t enjoy. After this we made for the mine. Because we were ladies, we could not go down into the mme; but we were taken on an hour’s tour of the plant. As I walked along and sawnothing except rocks and smaller rocks and gravel being ground and washed and mixed and rolled, I began to mentally reverse Shakespear and to say “All that doesn’t glitter — can’t be gold.” Finally we came to some large vats about 20 feet across. In the water at the bottom one could catch a climpse of gold; later, on a roller covered with a type of corduroy which held the fine gold particles, we did see the metal. From here we went to the melting firnaces: we were lucky because it is only twice a week that the gold is melted and poured. For some reason these red hot furnaces reminded me of the three boys in the time of Daniel. We had to wait until the crocks of gold cooled enough to be lifted out with long tongs held by Africans, who were wearing asbestos gloves and leggings. Then a w-hite man — well protected — took his tongs and began to tilt the crock toward the ground. Lots of shiny stirff began to go all over the floor, and I wondered bow anybody could have the poor sense to waste pure gold! I was told this was slag — I believe they called it; anyhow, it was refuse; then the quote from the Bard came back, and I realized that all that glitters is not gold. In a few minutes the crocks were inverted, and a bowl of gold fell out Thev call it a “button”. Ah gold has to be made in this

form — then remelted and put into the Hock form that is exported to the Bank of England. We saw six buttons and three blocks made. We were allowed to hold them — but no samples! One of my crazy girls really asked for such. It is quite something to hold about 90 thousand dollars worth of gold. It is very heavy! This mine digs — I guess you’d say — 47,000 tons of rock each month. Yearly 300 million English pounds (x 52.80 of gold go to England. The mine is an independent one — because the Ghana government hasn’t enough money to buy it. They get one million in income taxes from it. It was opened in 1909 and survived the Ashanti-British wars. Years and years before this, people picked up nuggets of gold in the streams. The owners are astute managers. They constantly assay the gold found in the rock where they are digging: if it is too low, the digging begins elsewhere. "At times," the guide told me. "it’s possible to see the vein of gold under the ground." They never shut

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down operation — day or night. Many Africans are hired and work in low’ly capacity and as managers — but always with a British eye on them. All miners are searched as they leave. It was a good trip. Gold, diamonds and cocoa are the leading exports here. Saturday we had a teacher training exam for 360-so-called teachers. Mercy, what papers I saw! Several came with others’ credentials and were hustled off by the police. One was caught cheating and promptly swallowed the evidence — just like pop corn. Paper is a bit thicker here, and he had quite a time masticating it. He must have thought that his “juju” had failed him for sure. Dorothy Williams Business Creed: Oompetition in providing better products at lower prices; cooperation in building a better America for all the people.

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