Terre Haute Weekly Gazette, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 9 June 1887 — Page 9

STEAM ON THE SEAS.

OW ROBERT FULTON'S IDEAS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED.

-om Halls' Boat to the Present 8wih Ocean Greyhounds—The First Atlantic Steamers—The Great Western—Present State of 8team Navigation.

The recent collision on the .high seas beeen the Celtic and the Britannic, two camera of the same line, has caused a deal discussion. The fact that while if either •at had struck a wooden vessel amidships it auld have undoubtedly cut clean through hull like a knife, yet comparatively little image was done to either of the ships in the cident, brings to mind with,great force the unense improvements that have been made id the safeguards against loes of life and ship at have been devised and put in practice vessels of this class. And this brings us consideration of the evolution of the modsteamship. No one now denies for a moment that Rob-

Fulton was the first man to make comercial use of steam in navigation, nor the lmense practical impetus given to it by his tnius. But he was not the first one to conive of the idea. In fact it is claimed for ero that he had a notion of what could be ne in that way ISO years B. C. and Blasco

Gar

ay, at Barcelona, in

1548,

BULLS1 BOAT,

The "first steamer to cross the Atlantic as the Savannah, which sailed from ivannah, Ga., May 26,» 1819, reach-

Liverpool in twenty-two days. But her tgines were designed to be merely auxiliary her sails, and were run during a portion of voyage only. She was a side wheeler, id her wheels were so designed and built at they could be taken out of the water aild

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lded up on deck when occasion demanded. The Great Western was one of the earliest aamers to be put into the regular transIan tic trade. It was built by the Great

restern

Steamship company, of England, an Eshoot of the Great Western Railway comuiy. She was 236 feet long, with a depth of )ld of 23 feet 2 inches, a breadth of feet 4 inches and a draught of 10 et 8 inches, dimensions till then quite uh•ecedented. The indicated power of her en-

THE GREAT WESTERN.

nes was 750 horse. An idea of the subquent development of steam power for earners may be gathered from the fact that fe same concern that built the engines of the jreat Western jm to-day building twin row engines fromfibieh they have guaraned 19,500 horse power, and from which jey expect to get 24,000. They are to propel |i ironclad of a displacement six times as [eat as the Great Western and twice her eed. But the Great Western Steamship imftany, which soon had a fleet of boats on sea, was afterward driven to the wall by

Cunard line. Then came the Collins

ORIENT LINK STEAMER ORXX'TZ. anerican) line, with its magnificent but un--ofltable boats and later a host of lines. The story of the Collins line is almost pathetic, parting out with the most brilliant prospects, avily subsidized by the United States govnment, with ships built upon the most im?oved models then afloat and filled with je most expensive conveniences, it was tpected that the Collins fleet of aamers would soon de .most of $ transatlantic passenger traffic. But was not to -be. Not a voyage was iled by a Collins steamer that was not iiled at a loss, and besides, there soon came sasters at sea of sufficient magnitude to in the strongest corporation. Then the bsidies were withdrawn and the Collins le soon collapsed. Since that time the American flag has »ated over few ocean steamers, though efrts are now being made to again place merican steamships on the Atlantic. The icific Mail steamship line was also short red, largely because of the old fashioned ethods of construction adhered to, for in the Meantime side wheels gave place to the screw water tight bulkhead, which saved both

Celtic and the Britannic, was devised, ean steamers were placed on every sea well as the Atlantic, and there was rat development .made, especially in

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and later

ipin, in Germany, built rude steamboats, ough we have no record as to the patterns their engines. In 1737 Jonathan Hulls, of Liverpool, got it a pamphlet describing his, idea of a steamat, and the picturo ho printed thereof is ill extant. The accompanying cut gives a ir idea of Hulls1 boat, and from it it will be parent that the inventor had hit upon the arn wheel idea, and also that he contemated using his craft more as a towboat than tything else, for he pictures it tugging vfty at a sailing vessel of considerable size.

llie steamers pjyuig i^ev-v.-oen urreai critam and her colonies. We cannot better close this article than by the presentation of a cut I of the Orient line steamer Ormutz on her homeward voyage from Australia to#England. She made her last trip of 11,000 miles in twenty-seven days, the fastest time on record. She is 481 feet long, 87 feet deep and .53 feet broad. Her engines are of 8,500 horse power. She is as near perfection as may be,

THE MORMON TEMPLE.

At KirVaml, O., Repaired and Re con* structed—Bits of Mormon History

The old Mormon temple at Kirtland, O., stands as a reminder of one of the queerest, if not the very queerest, episodes in American history. Now that the non-polygamous followers of the present Joseph Smith—the "Young Joeites," as the Utah Mormons derisively call them—have refitted the old temple and are trying to revive interest in that abandoned "state of Zion." it may interest the public to learn a few of the facte connected with the temple, of which a cut is given.

THE KIRTLAND TEMPLE.

It is ndt now in the power of man to invent anew religion. All he can do is to select parts of the old and piece them together. So when Joseph Smith produced his "Gfblden Bible" in Wayiie county, N. Y., in 1830, he simply preached a reform of the modern church with renewal of the gifts exercised by the ancient apostles, such as prophesying, healing, speaking in unknown tongues, etc. Almost every year from that date till Righam Young's death has witnessed the addition of some new doctrine, "spiritual wifery" in 1840-42, polygamy in 1843 (kept secret till 1852), blood atonement in 1854, and so on. Now the sons of the original prophet, namely, Joseph, William anS David Hyrum Smith, repudiate all that was done after 1844, the year their father was killed, deny that he ever taught or practiced polygamy and propose. to restore the church to what it was in the beginning, namely, an improved Christian church, with a few extra frills of an apostolic nature. Unfortunately for this scheme, no two men coula be more unlike than "Old Joe" and "Young Joe.'1 The former was painfully prolific of revelations. "Young Joe," on the other hand, has never "revelated," and the Utah Mormons call him the "dumb prophet."

Now, while the prophet was organizing his church in New York, Sidney Rigdon, an apostate Baptist preacher, had collected, neat Mentor, O., a queer band of semi lunatics, who condemned all the churches and held that the Lord was about to reveal himself anew. Rigdon visited Smith and accepted his leadership, the two squads were united, and so a community of about 100 families was organized, which formed the settlement at Kirtland, Lake county, O., about five miles from the home of the late President Garfield. Early in 1831 the town was begun in 1832 it was quite a place. That year also Brigliam Young was converted and located there in 1833 this temple was begun, and in 1836 it was completed and consecrated with frantic performances of various kinds. In the meantime the Mormons had made a settlement in Jackson county, Missouri, where they had a small war with the Genfiles, and whence they were driven into the northwest corner of that state. At Kirtland they set up a community mill, store and bank the goods from the store were sold on credit or given in payment for work on the temple, and the notes of the bank were put out so industriously that in the panic of 1837 they sank to six cents on the dollar. Soon after all the principal Mormons fled to Missouri, the bank notes became worthless and only a few of the original Rigdonites remained about Kirtland.

Kirtland sank into a quiet country village, Mentor became noted as a seat of learning and the abode of quiet and cultured people. The temple stood unoccupied for years, then A was long used as a wheat warehouse, and for a short tinje as a pork packing house. But it was a remarkably well built structure and took no harm from these profane uses. Finally, when the Mormon episode was almost forgotten, an agent of the "Young Joeites" quietly bought the building and adjacent lots, and about 1875 the concern was thoroughly cleansed and rather handsomely finished inside a few of the old viaonaries came back, a few new converts, and now there are Mormons enough about Kirtland to maintain a good congregation and "guard the sacred fires," as it were. The style of the building does not follow any order of architecture fully, but nevertheless the temple presents a bold and attractive appearance the stranger, uninformed of its history, would pause to admire it as an interesting specimen of the quaint and old fashioned country academy. The brick and stone are of the very best qual ity, and there is no reason, natural convulsions aside, why it should not stand a thousand ytars.

A Ifeartleps Joke.

"I say, Dumley," whispered Featherly Sunday afternoon, and he looked cautiously about, "How would a bottle of ale strike you?' "Oh, Featherly," responded Dumley, with an earnestness that was pathetic, "if you can put me outside of a bottle or two of ale you need only name your reward." "Say no more, but come with me," said Featherly.

A moment later he said to the drug clerk: "Two bottles of ginynr ale, please."—-New York Sun. .'

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FOR MIND AND MUSCLE.

NEW YOKK CITY'S PROPOSED BIG TURNVEREIN.

It Will Not be Beady for Use Until Next Tear, and the Corner Stone Will Not be Laid Till August, bat the Building

Is Going Ahead Right Along.

The turnverein has become a well established institution among German-Americans, and every year it becomes more and more popular. There is scarcely a city in the United States to-day with a German population of any consequence that has not its turnverein. Nor is the turnverein confined to the cities. Many towns and villages, and some localities that ore almost entirely rural, support them.

Some who will read this article may not know much about the nature of the turnverein. It is a society for the cultivation of the minf, the muscle and the social nature. "A turnverien building is a school, a gymnasium, a restaurant, a ball room, a bowling alley, a billiard room, a theatre—in fact, it provides for the whole social life of its members. Old Father Jahn. who flourished in Switzerland in 1848, is its founder and patron saint. Its foundation had a political meaning. It was socialistic in the revolution of 1848, but in this free country it has ceased to become aggressive, because all that it ever contended for was what we enjoy in American freedom. The

JUDGK

NEHRBAS.

American turner retains the word section in describing the different functions of tne society, but he objects to being spoken of as an Anarchist"

That's the way The New York Sun puts it, with the qualification that the views stated are those of his honor Judge Nehrbas, of the city court of New York, president of the the Central Turnverein, of that big city. The Central Turnverein of New York is not an old institution, in fact it has been formed but a year or two. But it has now 1,500 members, and it is proposed by the organization to build the largest and finest and best appointed turnverein building in America, if not in the world.

The new building will be on Sixty-seventh street, east of Third avenue, on the north side of the street, and work on the foundations has been begun. Some idea of its front, as it will be, may be obtained from the accompanying 2ut, but it is not possible to print iu a newspaper column a picture which shall show the. minute details in the. drawing by the architect. It is of the renaissance style of architecture, adapted to modern needs. While the front will be highly ornamented, the ornamentation will not interfere with the massive effect of the four columns. It will be a fireproof building, with iron staircases. The length will be 175 feet, the depth 100 feet, and the material buff colored bride.

Iu the sub-basement will be the kitchen, laundry and scullery in the rear, and in front four double bowling alleys on the east side, refrigerators, storerooms, ventilating machinery and boilers.

Next comes the souterain basement, partly under ground. On this floor, in the center of the building, is the new gymnasium hall, 115 feet long and 50 feet wide, and extending upward through two stories. In tbe rear of the gymnasium will be a,swimming bath.

The large swimming bath is anew feature in turnverein halls. It will be supplemented with needle and steam baths, and 'Mil be used mainly by children who will go to the turn verein schools. The children who will enjoy the turnverein building will number about 3,000, but the school rooms will not accommodate so many. The school rooms will be on the east side of the gymnasium hall. On the same floor with the gymnasium will be closets for children fvho use the gymnasium, and also private rooms for teachers.

On the west side of the gymnasium will be restaurants occupying four rooms, including a barroom, also a billiard hall, and an entrance to the bowling alleys in the sub-base-ment.

PROPOSED CENTRAL TURNVEREIN BUILDING. Through the main doorway in front of the building the first floor is reached by two broad stairways. On the west side will be a large assembly room with a capacity of 400, and in front a library and reading rooms, committee rooms, directors' rooms, and the archives. On the east side will be school rooms.

On the second' floor on the west will be a large dining hall and lodge room and class rooms for the school. Above this is to be a mezzanine floor, which is to be used for additional class rooms.

On the third floor will be a ball room extending through the entire front of the building. It will be 175 feet long and TO feet wide. Adjoining |he ball room will be refreshment rooms. A gallery will extend along the street side and west end of the ball room.

The school will be coeducational, and elementary instruction will be given in technical studies such as, for boys, modeling, drawing applied to the arts, and, for girls, needle work and general instruction in home duties.

The dramatic section of the verein has given entertainments with great success in Terrace Garden theatre, and it will have room to expand in the new building. There is a sineitie: section, a fencing section

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TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA, THURSDAY, JUNE 9,1887.—TWO PARTS —PART SECOND.

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section, and the verein already has a newsjfeper to chronicle, its doings, conducted by Albert Grahn, 1,078 Third avenue. It is supplied without cost to all members.

The building will cost over $350,000. The corner 6tone will not be laid before September. It will be ready before then, but tbe celebration is to be deferred until the annual fall jollification. Meanwhile the building will proceed, and the hole will be left for the corner stone to be slipped in at tiie proper time. The building will probably not be occupied befdre next year.

TESTIMONIAL TO GLADSTONE.

An American Present to the Greatest English Statesman. In Broadway, N. Y., in Tiffany's window, is a silver bast of Gladstone, the greatest of living English statesmen. This is a tribute to the great Liberal leader from his American admirers. It was suggested last summer, and at once a fund was started and an order given for the work. The fund amounts to over $3,000, aud represents nearly 11,000 contributors, the majority of the contributions being in small sums.

Mr. J. II. Whitehouse prepared a design, which, with some modifications, was adopted by tbe committee in charge. Now, after eight months of careful work, the testimonial is completed.

It is of sterling silver, and is 37 inches high. A rectangular base stands on six feet, and measures 24 inches in length, 22 in depth and 9% *n height. On the center of this is a cubo supporting the pedestal and bust of the "Grand Old Mail." At the right of the cube stands a graceful female figure in star spangled r6be. In her left arm is the harp of Erin. Her right has been thrown about the base of the bust, scattering shamrock over the pedestal. She represents Irish-America paying homage to the man who has fought for the freedom of her kindred over tbe sea.

The bust of Gladstone is pronounced an excellent likeness. Beneath the bust a little scroll bears the figures "1886-7," the years 'Mien the fund was collected and tho testimonial presented. The piece is said to illustrate the fine effects of silver etching, an art but little practiced over the sea. The background of all the reliefs is a Celtic scroll. This kind of ornamentation belongs to mediaeval and prehistoric Ireland. The inscription on the face of the cubical body is, "William Ewart Gladstone: Testimonial Presented by His American Admirers." In the center are fasces representing Gladstone's ministerial career, around which are the words "Home Rule," in solid block lettering. At the background of these words are the scales of justice in bas relief. The word "Home" rests upon the scales on one side and the word "Rule" upon the other. About these emblems is an encircling wreath of laurel, typical of ultimate success.

The female figure at the right is nineteen inches high. It is partly balanced on the left by a heavy wreath of laurel in full relief. At. the tear, in'a wfreafh of laurel, are the figures "1887," the year of presentation. The unique Celtic scroll, etched with minute care.

THE GLADSTONE TESTIMONIAL,

forms the background of all sides. Over the fac£of the graduated plinth a branch of palm has been carelessly laid. Upon this rests a shield, which in tbo completed work bears the coat of arms of the Gladstone family^ with the ever present Celtic scroll about the margin.

A band of alternate stars and shamrocks in bold relief encircles the lower stratum of the graduated plinth.

In tbe center is the lamp of wisdom in full relief, symbolizing Mr. Gladstone's ripe intellectual attainments. Diagonally to this, and also in bold relief, is the ax of Hawarden, wielded with such undaunted vigor in lopping off the cumbrous and pernicious growth of English legislation and so sturdily laid to the stubborn roots of political evil and injustice. Above this appears the arms of Christ Church, Oxford, where Gladstone attained the enviable distinction of a "double first" by his proficiency in classics and mathematics. Within a laurel wreath to the right hang again the scales of justice, a tribute to his love of equitable laws and equal rights. In the wreath to the left is engraven a burning heart of silver, symbolizing his sympathy with the oppressed of human kind. «On the left side of the base is a bust of Homer in bas relief, representative of his love and devotion to the classics. A bust of Demosthenes on the left side of the base typifies his wonderful eloquence and parliamentary power. On the rear of the base the shamrock, the thistle and the rose are artistically and fraternally grouped, suggestive of the harmony that shall prevail when the home rule struggle has been won. About these emblems clusters of stars cast their rays, emblazoning in solid silver the shining example of equitable government that the great republic of America affords the world.

The Reporter's Acquaintances. Every new acquaintance is worth $1 to a newspaper reporter. He may not be able to find any one who would give him $1 for some of the men he meets, but some day something happens, and thai the reporter realizes that it is worth a good deal more than $1 to him to have some acquaintance with the man who knows all about it.—Chicago Times,

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AF11ICAN GOLD FIELDS.

SOMETHING OF THE RICH DISCOVERIES IN THE TRANSVAAL.

Comparisons Between the Scenes and Circumstances of This Field and the Field In California in the Tear of Our

Lord Eighteen Hundred and Forty-nine.

The story of the great gold field lately opened in South Africa is an interesting one. The British officials who report the details are enthusiastic over the "finds," and, as their figures are carefully verified, the statements may be accepted as correct. The Transvaal country lies directly on the tropic of Capricorn, somewhat east of the center of South Africa the cliiqate,of,the low lands therefore

FIRST MILL AT "MOODIE'S*"

mat least as warm as that of southern Florida, but in the mountains the air is pure and refreshing, as in all mining countries. The travel to the gold field is chiefly via Cape Town, from which place a railroad runs 647 miles to Kimberly, and thence one must go 450 miles by team. In an old Califonuan of '49, who "bullwhacked" or followed the mviles from St. Joseph, Mo., to the Sacramento, it will excite a smile to learn that the Britfih officials refer to this distance as formidable and urge the construction of a railway from Delagoa bay, in latitude 20 dogs, on the east coast. Many have already taken that route but the low lands near the bay are so malarious that the route is only recommended for winter travel. From Cape Town the route is through a very high and healthful region. The scenes are like those of the California excitement, on a smaller scale. Barberton, the metropolis of tbe De Kaap gold field, already has 5,000 inhabitants, with three banks and three newspapers the buildings are good, law and order are well enforced, and the British mail service is regular. The local government is pushing forward the railroad, and by next winter the Wagon route will be very short.

The yield of gold is surprising. The Sheeba Reef gold mining company has already taken out and reduced 700 tons of quartz, averaging a little over seven ounces to the ton and the dividends of the company in less than a year amounted to 63 per cent No mention is made in the report of placer workings but the appliances for reducing the ore are so crude that the tailings assay a large amount of free gold. It is the intention to work over these tailings when better machinery is brought in. In California fully one-third of the gold remained in the tailings at tbe first mines worked and even where much less was left the Chinese miners have been many years engaged in working over the tailings. The excavation from which 'the Sheeba Reef company took 700 tons is 100 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 40 feet deep and the experts all declare it to be a "chimney" or "gold shoot" from the true mine below so the company is sinking rapidly on the lin of "best results," and have struck a very rich bonanza at the bottom of their shaft, 140 feet below the regular workings.

This is so far the most productive mine, but there are several others. At Moodie's, eight miles southwest of Barberton, individual miners are taking out and crushing from seventy to eighty pounds each of quartz daily, crushing it in a sort of arastra which they call a "dolly but a six stamp mill has just been set up there. A few miles further up the mountain is Komarti district, where very rich ore has been found and several new mines are opened. That district is peculiarly favorable for working, as the river runs directly through it and the transport of ore is easy. A little east of that is Swazieland,

MAIN STREET, BARBERTON.

still governed by a native king, who has granted concessions to the miners, and very rich ore has been found. Other districts are the Elephant, Kloof, Republic, Kimberley, Sheba, Belfast, Caledonia and Victoria. A hundred stampers wero running at the beginning of this year, but machinery is coming in so fast that the crushing capacity will be trebled before the close of this year. Considering that these mines were only proved to be of value in 1884, the development has been very rapid. The official report says little of tbe formation, but the mountain is what our miners would call the "back bone" of South Africa. Ever since the quartz lodes of Australia and California declined in importance, geologists have said that if such fields were again to be found it would probably be in "the back bone of Central Africa"—among the Very oldest mountains in the world and though the* discoveries are south of that, the formation is probably much the same.

A contemporary says of 8 sick man that "Lis death is only a question of time." This is a safe assertion.—Pittsburg Dispatch.

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I THE SALAMANDER.

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Something About a Curious LtnWI that Is Interesting New York City. New York city has been greatly stirred up of late by the. fact that a firm of animal importers bas secured two specimens of the gigantic Japanese salamander. Some mischievous newspaper men looked up the natural history of this curious lizard, and finding little of interest regarding it in ttie modern books, except the fact that it is rare, turned back to the writings of Pliny, a gentleman who lived a great many years ago and who wrote at son* length upon tbe salamander. Pliny believed and wrote that there was no more hurtful creature on the earth tlian the salamander. Its venom was potent, according to him, that the very water in which it swam was deadly, and a stream flowing from a pool inhabited by salamanders would, according to 'Pliny, devastate the entire region irrigated by it. A drop of its saliva ejected with force and precision would instantly kill any living creature%with which it came in contact, except, of course, another salamander.

The publicatiod3 of the wicked new^ paper men who read up on Pliny frightened a number of Now Ybrkers almost out of their wits, especially the keepers of tbe salamanders. Another superstition regarding the salamander attributed to it the power of living in a burning fires Pliny sftid the salamander was so cold that It would put out a fire. Some later writers averred that the salamander could secrete a fluid that would extinguish flame. After awhile one of the animals got away, and there was a most exciting hunt for it, though it was eventually recovered all right and tight.

The facts regarding the salamander are that it is a native of Japan, and is usually found in mountain lakes when found at aJL But it is very rare, even in japan. It is dull in habits, somber in color and has a half famished look. The first living specimen taken to Europe was placed at Leyden, where at last accounts it was still alive, having passed many years ip captivity. The salar mander at Leyden ate its mate on its way from

.-.- GREAT JAPANE&K GALAMJKUDER. Japan. The head of the salamander fe large, flat and toad like, and covered with warts. The eyes are small and bead like. The entire body, and even the toes, are covered with little excrescences. It feeds on fish, which IT catches itself. A full grown salamander IS about three feet long.

New York's Latest Fire. W 55IH

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PLAN OF BURNED DISTRICT.

New York's latest big fl:) was one of t!M most extraordinary on record. The destruction of nearly 1,200 horses stabled in the buildings of the Belt Line Surface Railroad company, whoso buildings were the sccne of the fire, was the greatest loss of equine life in history. The accompanying diagram shows the location and extent of the fire, which has been reported at length. A feature

BIRD'S-EYE VTEW.

that has escaped general notice was tho destruction of many goats belonging to poor families jiving near by. Many of these animals rushed headlong into the flames. Many families of working people were rendered homeless and their household goods destroyed and the lass to them is irreparable. New York had not seen so large afire before for eight years.

Inquisitive, hut Not Excessively So. Blumenthal—Mishter Rosenburg. you talk* BO much about how you keeps holy dot Chewish Sabbath, dot I vaiits to ask you a kerveshtun.

Rosenburg—Veil, vot ish den dot kervesbtunf "Suppose dot Sabbath day on you finds dot street in a pig pag full mit terventy tollar gold pieces, vould you desliegrate dot holy day by takin' avay dot monishf "Does yer really vant ter know vat I vould dor "I does so." "Veil, den, next Sabbath, choost you drop von of does pags' of gold, and you vill find out" "I dells you vat I vould like to know, but I vasn' choost eaten oop mit curioshity."— Texas Siftings.

Cause of Pneumonia.

Recent observations establish the fact fbat true pneumonia is due not to the accidental penetration of specific microbes into the system, as is usually supposed, but to the development under favorable conditions of microbic germs permanently present in tbe system. A chief condition of such development is a sudden chill, which explains the fre* quent coincidence of lung affections with ab* rupt changes of temperature.—Nature.

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