Terre Haute Weekly Gazette, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 11 November 1886 — Page 10

BELGIUM AND HOLLAND.

^IOW THE WOMEN AND THE DOGS WORK TOGETHER.

Sketches of Pretty Flemish Maidens—The Holland Priest and Dutch Death Crier. Belgian Agriculture and Manufacture.

Its Railroads and Hotels.

{Special Correspondence.'! ANTWERP, Oct. 15.

"A woman, a dog and a walnut tree, The more you kck 'cm the better they be." This doggerel of the old saw seems to be the rule in both Holland and Belgium. Susin B. Anthony and Henry Borgh should spend a summer in the low countries of northern Europe. Susan would go back thanking her star? that American women I have as many rights as tbey have, and Henry I would applaud America as a countvy noted for its gentleness rather than for its cruelty I to animals. In Belgium and Holland the dog and the woman seem to do more work than the horse and the man. I saw hero in Antwerp to-day a delicate woman of forty years sitting on a stone pile in the broiling sun breaking stone with a heavy hammer. She was clad in a cotton gown, and her small feet were covered with heavy wooden clogs. Her bead of brown hair, into which tho silver was creeping, was bare, and her sad face, bronzed with the burning rays of the sun, was wrinkled and worn. It was not a coarse face, nor onel judged that could not under favorable circumstances have been refined and loving. But the light was drowned out of it by hard labor, and she did not smile as she looked wearily up at me in responding to a question about the way. You may see women here and in Holland helping dogs to pull carts, and sometimes they are harnessed themselves in company with the dogs. They carry great loads upon their heads, and do all sorts of manual labor. Not many weeks ago there was a scandal in Europe as to the cruelties practised upon them in their work in the coal mines, and I see them digging in the fields, loading hay, and acting as the guards at tho crossing of railroads. Going from Belgium to Holland at many of the towns it was a woman who raised and lowered the rail which shut off the a road crossing the a cars passed, and at other points both in France and Holland a woman in clogs and blue cotton gown and white cap held up tho flag signal as the care went by.

I have not learned yet as to the wages of women here, but they are undoubtedly less than those

BELGIAN MILK WOMAN

of the

men, and the

men of Belgium are among the poorly paid laborers of Europe. They have 12 hours of work, and ordinary laborers get 62 cents a day miners 75 cents artisans about the same smiths get from 62 to 75 cents, and workers iu iron get from 75 cents to $1.12 per day.

A BELGIAN MILK CART.

The dogs of Belgium and Holland work about as hard as the women, but if I were to be born in Belgium, and had the choice only between being a working dog or a working woman, I would choose the lot of the dog. The dog gets a rest when his cart stops, the woman seems always busy These dogs are as a rule of a shaggy haired variety of mongrel. They are strong and angular and they pull their loads without growling. Often three or four are harnessed up together and I have seen nobby little two-wheeled carts containing four heavy men pulled by three dogs.

Many of the carts are small two-wheeled hand wagons, which have a bar behind for pushing, and this is manipulated by the woman vegetable seller or peddler. The dog in this case is harnessed under the cart and he pulls away with all his might whenever his mistress orders.

The milk of the Belgian cities is peddled about by women in dog carts, and your average milk peddler is quite a picturesque object. She wears the costume of the Belgian peasant woman of the better class, with a white cap covered with a straw poke bonnet, a bright plaid shawl folded across her bosom and tucked in at her waist, a long dress .and an apron. Her cap is fearfully and wonderfully made, and its wide earlike flaps fall down over the front of her shoulders. She carries a measure in her band and her dog is always well satisfied to sit or lie dowa when she stops for her customers.

BELGIAN PEASANT GIRL.

These Belgian peasants have among them some very good looking girls, and when young they make quite a pretty picture in their Shaker-like bonnets and their Puritan-like caps. I remember one, especially, who had evidently come into Antwerp with her father, doubtless a prosperous farmer, to do some shopping. She was about 16 and her cheeks bad the dark, rosy tint common to these people, who are ever favored by the breezes of the North sea. Her hair was black and glossy, and it hung down in bangs over her forehead, above two as gently beautiful soft hazel eyes as I have ever seen in any drawing room. Her cap was of the whitest, the ribbons of her bonnet a bright cardinal and '•lack plaid, and her bright red dress was billed HI with a square bosom of white plaited

linen, a large ioOse collar was clasped under her chin by a big breastpin of gold, and a fine gold chain suspended a jet cross over her bosom. Her lips were as red as those of Ruben's beauties in the Antwerp galleries, and her form was as plump and round as that of the models of this great Belgian master.

Speaking ol Rubens, Antwerp was his home for years, and it was here that he achieved his greatness. The people of Belgium are very proud of him, and there is a great bronze statue of him in the Place Veite, in Antwerp, near the noted cathedral in which two of his greatest pictures hang. They show you the mansion which he built in the Place do Meir and lead you to his summer house in tho garden and to the yew tree under which he loved to sit. They will talk to you about his career and his art. They will tell you that ho was a learned man, and that his father intended him for a lawyer that he did not like the law and wont to painting. How he studied in Italy, and how he came back here to make fortunes by his brush and to spend them as fast as tbey were made. How he lived like a prince and worked like a methodical American man of business. How he considered his work worth $50 a day in the bard times of 200 and more years ago, and how he made his noted pupils do much of the work for him, only outlining the pictures and putting on them the finishing touches. How he was court painter to half the courts of Europe, and how twice married he used his wife as the naked model for his mo3t celebrated pictures. All this and much more they will tell you, and if you talk to them of his art you will find that they think him with Rembrandt the greatest of artists. Undoubtedly he was a great artist, but his pictures are too sensual, his angels look too much like fat country girls, and his beauties lack the refinement of form and feature of those of such painters as Titian and Rafael.

Both Belgium and Holland are largely

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Catholic, and Belgium is almost entirely so. Out of the more than five and one-half millions of people in Belgium only 15,000 are Protestant and 3,000 are Jews. There is one priest to every thousand people, and each of these receives $140 a year from the state. The sisters of charity and nuns number 12,000, and the subscriptions to the church amount to $160,000 a year.

The majority of the people in Holland belong to the Dutch Reformed church, but about two-fifths of the whole population are Catholic, and there are 70,000 Dutch Jews. The Catholic priest of Holland wears a black gown, and under this a suit of black clotheB, with knee breeches, black silk stockings and slippers. His hat is broad-brim-an a with a ribbon at its back, and he has a band of white in a is throat. Some of these priests in traveling loop up their gowns behind with pins or buttons, so. that they appear to' be wearing bustles,*5" a a re re more like womenthan men. I saw many of them during my stay in the Netherlands, and A HOLLAND PRIEST. they appeared to be a prosperous, fun-loving, as well as a pious, set o£ fellows. The priests of Prance also appear very#comfortable in form. Their complexions are fair and rosy, and they are the healthiest looking class of the whole French nation.

There is in Holland a class of men half secular, half religious, which exists, I think, in no other country. It is that of the aenBpreckers or undertakers—men who make it a business to announce the death of persons to their friends. The aensprecker is a tall, cadaverous fellow, a skeleton dressed all in black, with cocked hat, black knee breeches and stockings, and a pumps. He carries about death notices to funerals,

And his portfolio is filled with the cards of death announcements. His very figure is enough to inspire grief, and a & re am hang from his black cocked hat wave so in breeze, which seems ever to blow over Holland,as he stalks a There is more ceremony about funerals in Holland than

DUTCH DEATH AN- with us. The cabs NOUNCER. furnished by undertakers to carry the mourners have white cherubs of bone or ivory on their tops and sides, and the doors are ornamented with white skulls and crossbones.

Belgium is noted for the excellence of its agriculture, and both it and Holland are one vast park and garden. Of all Belgium only one-eighth is not cultivated, and it is said there is no country in the world where farming is so profitably carried on. Riding through the country you see on every side of you flat fields loaded with the harvest, and only separated from one another by the different colors of the crops contained in them. There are no fences, and the roadways are as hard as asphalt and as smooth as boards. They are usually lined with trees, great forest trees, straight and tall, and as old as'the century. Here and there a stream cuts through the vast patchwork plain of growing crops and grass, and the banks of them are also shaded by trees. You see few cattle in the fields, and those which are allowed to graze are kept by herdsmen. The farm houses and barns are low-structured buildings, bunched together and roofed with red tiles or gray thatch. The people working in the fields, men and women, are cheaply dressed, and the men wear caps and blue cotton, blouse-like shirts over their trousers.

It was Sunday when I rode into Belgium from Paris. The ordinary week day occupations went on as usual. Men and women were digging potatoes in the fields and loading hay. Here was a gang repairing the roadway, and at 3 p. m. we passed a rolling mill, and I saw an army of puddlers, naked to the waist, ladeling out the red-hot iron. Along the streams people were bathing, and I saw score after score of boys, clad in the attire of Adam before the fall, preparing to take a Sunday swim. The Sabbath does not count for much either here or in Prance, and Sunday is in Paris the great holiday of the week. It is then that the crowd on the boulevards is tho thickest and gayest it is on Sunday that the races are held in the suburbs, and it is then that the maddest and gayest of Parisian pleasures go their merry immoral round. Sunday in England's cities is fully as slow as it is in

those of America, cm tne continent it is cnas pleasure day of all the week. Belgium is one of the greatest manufacturing countries in Europe. It makes excellent iron and steel, and it is crowding the Irish linsn factors very closely. It is growing, too. in industrial enterprise, and, next to Holland, it has the largest ratio of industry per inhabitant of any nation of Europe. Between 1870 and 1880 $ increased $275,000,000 in its industrial and commercial inteitsts, and its increase during this time was fully 20 per cent. It is competing with England at all points in cotton and iron, and it has the great advantage of low«y rales «f labor and longer hours. Wages in England are very low, but those of Belgium are only about half as much, and the day is twelve hours long.

These Belgians are much like the French in their tastes. They live after the same fashion, and love to sit outside of the caf&i and drink their sociable glass with their friends. In Antwerp and Brussels, which are the two largest cities of the country, you see many sights which remind you of Paris. Brussels, the capital of the country, pridej herself on being like Paris, and she has her Palace du Roi, which corresponds to the old palace of the Tuileries, her Bois de la Cambre corresponding to the Bois do Boulogne, and she is cleaning up and widening her streets in the same way Paris has been doing since the days of Louis Napoleon. The old Flemish nation is passing away and a French Belgian people is taking its place. The French language is u^fed everywhere in Belgium, the French monetary system of francs and centimes was long ago adopted, and the airy manners and customs of Paris are now the beau ideal of the descendants of the sturdy, fierce old Flemish of the past.

Antwerp has about 200,000 people and Brussels is about twice as large. Both cities are growing, and Antwerp is one of the great commercial seaports of Europe. In the Sixteenth century Antwerp had 125,000 population, and its harbors often contained 1,000 vessels at one time during that period. It was during the time of Charles the most prosperous and wealthy city of Europe, and surpassed even Venice. It had great com mercial fairs, and among its business men were 1,000 foreign commercial firms. One of its millionaires died and left about $6,000,000, which was an enormous fortune then, and it exported its carpets and gold and silver goods to Arabia, Persia and India. Spain and the Inquisition killed it. The old town in which its horrors of persecution were perpetrated still stands near the harbor, and during the Spanish regime the best of its skilled workers in silk and woolen were banished. They fled to England and gave the start to their industries there. By 1790 the city had been redueed to less than one-third of its size, and shortly after this the French got hold of it. Bonaparte rebuilt its quays and harbors, and had not Waterloo prevented, would doubtless have made it a great seaport. It is now one of the best fortified cities in the world, and its ramparts can be seen in coming into it on every side. It is estimated that it would take an army of 170,000 to besiege it effectually, and it is so constructed that its environs could in great part be laid under water in case of necessity.

THE GAZETTE: TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 6,1886.

The railroads of both Holland and Belgium have very cheap fares, and those of Belgium are the cheapest in Europe. The rates are about three cents per mile for first class, two cents for second, and one and one-half cents for third class travel. Almost all trains have the three classes, and the second class compartments are good. The roadbeds of Belgium are badly ballasted] and the rails_ so laid that there is much jolting. The smoking cars of Holland have little boxes on the windows in which to put the ashes of your cigar or pipe, and cigars are generally smoked. The canals form the only railway fences of Holland, and in parts of Belgium the railroads are fenced by hedges. You can goalmeet anywhere in Holland now by rail, and the system of Belgium is one of the most complete in Europe. The custom houses of both, countries are very lenient, and bona fide travelers have little trouble.

I found very good hotels in both Holland and Belgium, and that at a rate of about $3 or $4 per day. A good hotel dinner in Holland costs about $1 or $1.50, and a bedroom from eighty cents upwards, according to the floor. Taking fees at picture galleries and churches into account, one can travel here very comfortably on from $6 to $9 a day, and these amounts can be materially reduced if the traveler is willing to rough it and try the second class hotels. As far as the best accommodations are concerned, tl*y cost about as much as in America. The only difference is, our hotels lump the charges, and you know beforehand what your bill will be. European hotels charge you, item by item, for what you get, and when you order the same things you would order in an American hotel, the total is about the same.

FRANK GEORGE CARPENTER.

WASHINGTON GLADDEN.

Portrait and Sketch of the PreacherReformer. Rev. Washington Gladden is a man who appears to have struck the golden mean between long-haired crankiness and conservatism. It might be proper to say of him that he is a conservative reformer.

His writings are familiarly known throughout the country. But his portrait is not. Few have seen it. It is with pleasure therefore that we place it before our readers this week. The face and head seem that of the ideal reformer. His face and slightly turned-up nose bespeak good humor and wit.

tlEV. WASHINGTON GLADDEST. Washington Gladden is of New England ancestry. His father was a school teacher in Massachusetts, and very strict and puritanical. Ho removed to Potts county, Pa., and there Washington was born in February, 1836. The boy had no advantages, as the world would look at it he had every advantage in the true, large way of looking at things. He had health, a strong, lively brain, and a spirit full of hope and ambition. He had, too, the priceless endowment of that sunny good humor which will carry its possessor over all the rough places in life as on wings.

Besides his poverty, ho was very early left fatherless. There seemed nobody to help him. His mother removed to a farm near Oswego, N. Y., soon after his father's death. The boy did farm work in summer and went to the public school in winter. Many of the best and greatest men of America took their rise in just that way, as barefoot farm lads.

w-

5

vOCV-?

GLADDEN'S CHURCH.

From the farm young Gladden gravitated to the newspaper office. When only 18 years old he was a reporter on The Oswego Gazette. But it occurred to him here that a young man who had a figure to cut in the world needed more education than he had, as far as he had got. He began to prepare himself for college, therefore, spending his spare time and money for this purpose. If the young men and girls who must turn out early to work for their living knew how much they could learn just by staying at home evenings and putting an horn* or two of spare time into intellectual work, drawing, music, languages, mathematics or science, there would be far more successful people, and they would spring from the ranks of workingmen and women as they ought to.

Gladden continued his studies, and entered Williams college, Mass. That was the college where Garfield was graduated, working his way through as Gladdeu did. During his college course Gladden was a newspaper correspondent, writing letters for The Springfield Republican and one of the editors of The Williams Quarterly.

GLADDEN'S HOME.

Indeed, there is something in Gladden's head and face that suggests that of Garfield. Both were devotionally inclined. Gladden studied theology and entered the Congregational ministry. His first pastorate was the State Street Congregational church, Brooklyn. He also has had charge of churches in Morrisania, N. Y., and in North Adams, Mass., and in Springfield, Mass. At length fate or fancy took him to Columbus, O. There he is at present, pastor of the First Congregational church, on Broad street A beautiful church it is, too, and his congregation is made up of tho most cultivated people in the city. Let us hope that things will not be too fine and easy with him, lest he forget somewhat the struggling masses for whom his tongue and pen have ever worked so bravely.

The wide awake preacher lives in the city of Columbus in the plain, comfortable house which appears herewith.

His largest fam« is as a writer. He was editor of The New York Independent for four years. Since then he has contributed essays to leading magazines and papers, and ^published books.

Some of his best known writings have appeared in The Century Magazine. After being printed here, they have been collected and published in book form. Among these papers are the following: "What Is the New Theology?" "Three Dangers "Christianity and Popular Amusement "The Increase of. Divorce "The Christian League of Connecticut "Hurricane Reform "The Use and Abuse of Parties "Family Religion "Protestantism in Italy." The literary style is strikingly clear and pleasing.

Write me, I pray thee, then, As one who loves his fellow man,

says Abou Ben Adhem. So with Gladden. And, as in the poem: Next night

The angel came with a great wakening light, And lo! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest.

Economy.

Young Wife—Won't Charley be surprised when he sees what a lovely pair of trousers I have made for him out of my old Mother Hubbard. There is nothing like knowing how to economize.—The Judge.

Domestic Views.

The small boy was regaling a visitor with the family album. "Who is this one?" asked the victim, as he began the photographic volume. "Oh, that's gramp', an' here's gram' rite acrost the leaf." "And this pretty ladyf "That chromo'b Ant Suke she's a terror. An' that fel that looks as ef he didn't know beans is nunkey." "Who arc the two taken together?" "That's pop an' mam, only they ain't fitin' there." "And this sweet child?" "That's me when I was a kid. An' that's pop's first wife what dide and that's another nunky. Say, he don't look like a bird, does he? Pop says he's a real old gallus bird an' this

The entrance of the family prevented further disclosures.—Detroit Free Press.

The Democrats Have the Legislatare by Two Majority,

Thus Insuring a Democratic Successor to Mr. Harrison.

Democratic Governors for Colorado and Minnesota—New Jersey Legislature Democratic.

Indiana.

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INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., Nov. 5—The Democrats have the legislature by two majority on the joint ballot, aocording to the latest advices. The figures are: Senate, Democrats 31, Republicans, 19. House: Democrats 45 Republicans 56.

INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., Nov. 5.—Complete returns from all the counties in the state save one, and one unofficial, give Robertson (Rep.) for Lieutenant Governor, 3,667 plurality.

Returns on the state ticket are not yet in from all the counties but the figures of last night will not be changed materially. The Republican plurality will be about 4,000.

Kentucky.

LOTTISVIMIE, NOV. 5.—The CourierJournal received the following last night:

COVINGTON, NOV. 4.

"I am elected by from 500 to 600 majority. JOHN G. CARLISLE."

The air of Louisville was redolent yesteaday with the indignation of Democrats who felt the disgrace of their party, and who recounted the treachery of those who were responsible for the situation in which the party found itself. All day the result of the election was in doubt. It was generally thought that Caruth was elected, but his majority was so small as to give rise to the utmost uncertainty until the last county pre cinct could be heard from. Both sides claimed the victory, and late in the afternoon it watj admitted at Caruth's headquarters that Wilson had a majority of one in the city and county, with Eisherville to hear from. This gave that obscure village the utmost importance.

The greater number of Democrats who betrayed their trust were those who did not vote at all, though many men who have voted the Democratic ticket heretofore openly boasted that they had voted for Wilson.

CINCINNATI, Nov. 5—Speaker Carlisle is probably elected, but by a narrow margin. He claims a majority of four to six hundred. The official count begins today in the eight counties composing the district and must be completed. Unfortunately for those whe are most anxious to learn the final result, the counties whose votes will decide the matter are almost inaccessible. Two of them have neither railroads nor telegraph, but it is probable that enough information may be obtained sometime during the night to furaish material for a decisive statement of the result. The opinion here is universal that the cause of the surprisingly close contest lay in the fact that nearly all the Democrats in the back counties were not aware of any formal opposition to Mr. Carlisle and thousands of Democrats stayed home. Boone county, which will give Carlisle about 500 majority, is Democratic by at least 3,500 and this is a sample of the indifference. The 2,000 majority for Thoebe in Campbell and Kenton counties is due chiefly to the large number of Knights of Labor in Covington and Newport. The chances this morning are decidedly favorable to Mr. Carlisle.

The remarkably close race between Little (R) and Campbell (D) in the Seventh Ohio district, will be settled tonight by the official count, Greene and Butler are the only counties that have not made the official count and they begin this afternoon. Meanwhile both sides claim an election by majorities of from 5 to 20.

nnesota.

ST. PAUL. NOV. 5.—Returns all day have been generally favorable to the Democrats, and the most sanguine Republicans are not now claiming the election of McGill as Governor by mo 3 than 5,000, while Democrats are elated and confident that Dr. Ames will be elected by a small majority. The returns are coming slowly. Hundreds of precincts in the state are remote from telegraphic communication, and it is quite probable that it may take the official count to decide it.

In Hennepin County, the home of Dr. Ames, some 1,500 ballots for him were thrown out, it is said, because the words "labor ticket" were printed thereon. Offsetting this, the Republicans claim extensive Democratic frauds in this (Ramsey) county. Whether McGill is elected or not, the Republican state ticket, as a whole, certainly is, as he ran about 12,000 behind other candidates for state offices.

ST. PAUL, Minn., Nov. 5—The Evening Dispatch, from the returns received, and without estimates of the precincts not yet heard from, figures out a majority for Ames (Dem) for governor of I,57L

ST. PAUL, NOV. 5.—Returns believed been reoeived from all the counties and both parties have raised the cry of fraud. The Pioneer Press (Republican) claims the State for Governor by 2,500, while the Globe (Demoorat) nlnimg it for Ames by 5,000 to 7,000. These figures correspond closely to the claims of the Republican and Democratic state central committees. It will require the official count to determine who is elected tc the state offioes The majorities for Congressmen are as follows: Fiist district, Wilson (D.), 4,081, Second, Lind (R.) 7,385 Third, McDonald, (D.) 1,228 Fourth, Rice, (D.) 4,635 Fifth, Nelson, (R.) 26,000. The latter had no opposition. The Legislature will be Republican by at least forty majority on joint ballot. S

California.

CHICAGO, NOV. 5,—A special dispatch from San Francisco says: Returns from the congressional districts come in slowly. The: ollowing returns which are the most complete that we have obtainedo far, indicate the situation about as it is viewed by the best judges First district—Thompson (D) 6,058 Garter (R) 5,274. Second district—Burgs (D) 3,740 Campbell (R) 3,501. Third—McKenna (R) 1,066 McPike (D) 8,528. Fourth —Morrow (R) 9,758 McCoppin (D) 8,375 Summer (Inch 1,790. "FifthSullivan fD) 8,952 Felton (R) 8,015. Sixth district—Vandever (R) 3,655

Colorado.

DENVER, Col., Nov. 4.—The election of Adams, Democrat, for governor by a plurality of 2,000 is oonoeded by the Republicans. All but six counties in the state have been heard from, giving the returns on congressman about even. The counties yet to come in always have been Democratic, so the indications are in favor of a small majority for Reed, Democrat. Tho Democrats will have control of the lower house of the general assembly and possibly of the Senate. The remainder of the state tick at except the state secretary, auditor and possibly attorney general, are claimed by the Democrats.

Pennsylvania.

PHILADELPHIA, NOV. 5.—Official returns from six counties comprising the Twelfth Congressional district show the election of John Patton, Republican, over J. K. P. Hall, Demoorat. by 318 majority. The district for the past six years has been represented by ex-Gov-ernor Curtin, Democrat. The returns from all Congressional districts in the state is now complete. The new delegation from Pennsylvania will stand the same as the present delegation, viz: Twenty Republicans and eight Democrats.

montana.

ST. PAUL, NOV. 5.—A Helena tpecial to the Pioneer-Press says: "The Democratic Territorial Committee claims the Democrats have carried every one of the fourteen counties in Montana for Toole except Yellowstone. Toole's majority will be over 2,500. The Democrats claim to have control of both houses of the Legislature."

Nebraska.

OMAHA, NOV. 5.—John A. McShane, Democratic nominee for Congress, receives a majority of over 6,700 over the Republican nominee, Church Howe. This is in the first district, which is usually Republican by 2,500 majority.

Idaho.

CHICAGO, November 5.—A special from Boise City, Idaho, says: Fred Dubois (R) is elected to congress over John Hailey (D) by 500 majority.

New Jersey.

TBENTON. NOV. 5.—The Legislature, by the laceec count, has a Democratic majority of one on joint ballot, without Donohue, the Labor assemblyman, of Passaic.

SALEM, N. J., Nov. 5.—The Board of Canvassers met this morning for Salem county and the result as announced gives Newell (D.) for assembly 13 majority. Capt. Whittaker, the Republican candidate, has employed counsel and will at once apply for a recount.

PATEBSON, N- J., NOV. 5.—The official canvass does not change the result in the Third Assembly District.

FRANK H. HORD.

He States the Causes of His Defeat. "MT. CLEMENS, Mich., Nov. 4—1 attribute my defeat to three causes: First —The appeals of my opponent, Mr. Romeis, to his German fellow-citizens to support him on the ground of his German antecedents. Second—The treachery of Democrats who had given me assurances of their support before the election. This treachery was not apparent until election day when it was too late to counteract it Third—The aid sent at the last moment by protectionists outside the district to defeat me on account of my views on tariff reform. The overwhelming majority of- Democrats in this district are with me on sentiment on the tariff question, but there were enough men claiming to be Democrats who recognize a fairly obtained and almost unanimous nomination to unite with the Republicans to defeat me. It will be a fatal day for the Democratic organization when the nomination of men believing in tariff reform is not to be regnrded as binding upon members of the party. [Signed] FRANK H. HURD."