Terre Haute Weekly Gazette, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 14 October 1886 — Page 9

THE FISH HATCHERIES,

THE PERMANENT HEADQUARTERS AT WOOD'S HOLL, MASS.

Professor Baird's Work.

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MACDONAlJD JARS.

Amorg the most successful inventions for facilitating fish hatching is the Macdonald jar. A row or :lass jars is arranged, with siphons passing ia and out of them. Through these a current of water flows continually. In hatching fish the water must be constantly Berated and gently stirred. The M&cdonald jar accomplishes both these purposes.

There are now thirty-seven states and territories that have fish commissions of their own. It has been shown that there is one fish the farmer may have fresh all over the country the year around, except in spawning time. Unlike the trout, it does not require running waters, but will live and thrive in any pond that is not stagnant That fish is the German carp. It was introduced into the country first on a large scale by the commission after the Berlin fisheries exposition. At that great show of fish and its appurtenances the United States took first prize, a magnificent cup, presented by the emperor of Germany to Professor Spencer F. Baird. European countries unexpectedly discovered that in all matters pertaining to improved fish culture the United States was the foremost nation in the world.

When the commission began operations it had no boat of its own, not even a catboat or a catamaran to fish with. Little sailing sloops and fishing boats were hired. Then as the work grew, a small steamer, and then another and another were borrowed from the navy department Now the commission has four steamers, all it3 own.

HATCHERY.

Codfish hatching is especially attended to at the Wood's Holl station. The cod lays an average of 1,000,000 eggs a year. By nature's methods not over 1 per cent of these reach maturitv. for vounc cod area tender bite for

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hundreds of big and hungry flshes.

What the United State* ia Doing to fincourage Fish Culture—Millions of Young Cod The Albatross Macdonald Jars.

The United States was the first nation to begin the artificial propagation of codfish. It was done by the government fish commission, at the head of which is the accomplished Professor Spencer P. Baird, the "boss," so to speak, of the Smithsonian Institution, at Washington. Fish culture only began to be attended to in a small way here in 1853. It is worth Bating that it was not the general government that began the work first, but the separate states. Massachusetts took the lead. Not till 1871 did the general government yield to the advanced spirit in fish culture already moving among the states. In that year the United States commission of fisheries was established by act of congress.

FISH COMMISSION BUILDINGS. Professor Baird has been at the head from the start. At first attention was given only to the restocking of inland fresh waters with fish. These were nearly depleted of the valuable food fishes with which they teemed when the country was new. Man destroys wherever he touches in nature. Afterward sea fishes were artificially propagated, and the final $iumph of our scientific workers has been the reproduction of shad and cod in large numbers.

The work of the commission has grown on its hands till it is now something stupendous. A permanent headquarters for its accommodation has been established. This is at Wood's Holl, Mass., and appears in the illustration. Wood's Holl is situated "at the heel of Caps Cod," as a writer puts it This point was selected because it is peculiarly adapted to the hatching of codfish. What America would bo without its codfish balls, that President Cleveland would be without his horseshoe. It is very important, therefore, is the codfishery of the Atlantic coast. Of the hatching of cod eggs •and why Wood's Holl was selected for that purpose, Professor Baird himmlf says: "The water for such a purpose as this must be perfectly pure sea Water and as saline as,any in the ocean, nor should it be stagnant. After searching all along the New England coast from Long Island sound to Eastport we decided that right here was the very best place for our station. Here you see we are on the point of the main land between Biiz-r.rd's bay and Vineyard sound. The rise of the tides differ in the two bodies of water, and so for the greater part of the day there is a powerful current running from the bay to the sound, or the sound to the bay, through the narrow channel between this point and Naushon island over yonder. Sometimes I think the water boils and bubbles through here with greater fury than through Hell Gate before the r6cks were blasted out It is aerated almost like soda water, and has nosediment It is perfectly saline, for there is hardly a fresh water spring within five miles of Wood's Holl. We have here a safe harbor, with eighteen feet of water at the dock at low tide. Moreover, we are handy to the railroad station."

In the illustration is seen som4' of the operations of fish hatching. Upon the table are the Macdonald jars, with the siphon arrangement passing through and through them. To the right are men receiving the millions of fertilized shad eggs, and placing them in the jars. To the left are seen other workmen pouring into cans the young fish already hatched. This is preparatory to shipping. The young fish are called "fry." Batches of them are sent all over the coast, now here, now there, from Oregon, California, Gulf of Mexico to Maine. The intention is to distribute the supply evenly. At these different points the young fish are poured into the coast waten, and left to sink or swim, survive or perish. They usually thrive handsomely.

FOR GOVERNOR OF MINNESOTA*

A. R. McGill—A Notable Convention. Notable Men—Notable Results. The recent Republican convention held in the exposition rink, St Paul, Minn., was notable in many ways. It resulted in the nomination of A. R. McGill

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A fusion was brought about with the Farmers' Alliance, Patrons of Husbandry, Knights of Labor and trade assemblies resulting in a platform of which the following is a synopsis:

The warehouse and railroad laws should be amended to secure an open and free market for the, products of the soiL Railroads, where it can legally be done, should be restrained from holding free lands exempt from taxation. Pledges the party to secure laws prohibiting the further use of watered stock, to amend the tax law so tax payers shall not lose property through errors of officers, to prohibit railroad companies from furnishing passes to legislators, to do all municipal work by the day and not by contract, to pay women same as men for the same labor, and to prohibit child labor. Prison labor is opposed, and arbitration is defended. Legislation is favored to renew the free coinage of silver, and to revise the tariff so that taxation on the necessaries of life may be reduced.

The representative of The Fanners' Alliance at this convention was Ignatius Donnelly, who is a big figure anywhere and well known as an author.

IGNATIUS DONNELLY.

Ignatius Donnelly carries into the literature the same methods that he uses in politics, and woe to the theory or author that comes across his path. At his home he is dubbed "Pugnacious" Donnelly. He is a Philadelphian by birth and so was his mother, though his father was an Irishman. He 4s now 55 and well preserved. He was admitted to the bar in 1853 and went to St. Paul, Minn., in 1856. Three years later he was elected lieutenant governor of that state and re-elected in 1862. He was in congress from 1862 till 1868. He stumped the west for Horace Greeley in 1872. He was elected a state senator in 1878. His best known works are "Atlantis" and "Ragnarok."

He is about to publish "a key to a cipher narrative hidden in the first folio edition of Shakespeare's plays" which he claims to have discovered, and which will prove not only that Francis Bacon was the author of plays attributed to Shakespeare but will also give the motives which compelled Bacon to publish the plays in Shakespeare's name. On the correctness of the conclusions as to tho Baconian authorship of these plays Mr. Donnelly stakes his reputation. The book is likely to create a literary cyclone when it appears, but Ignatius is at home in cyclones.

Another notable result of this convention was the appearance of The Northwestern Chronicle as a supporter of tlfe Republican ticket This paper has heretofore stood aloof from politics, and is said to represent the views of the Roman Catholic Bishop Ireland. A portion of its editorial will bear reproducing.

There can he no question as to where the friends of temperance, of law and order, of sobriety, and of good government must take their stand this fall. With McGill. as the nominee of the party pledged to high license and the control of the liquor traffic. We have advocated high license for years we have written and worked against rum for so long, and we would be untrue to ourselves, untrue to the principles we proclaim, did we not declare ourselves strongly in favor of the party that pledges itself to the measures we desire to see enforced.

The scene is a young ladies' seminary. "Ah," said one young pupil to another in triumph, "my mamma-gives me a penny every morning for taking a spoonful of cod liver oil!"' "And what do you buy with the penny?' eagerly returned the second girl in a tone not devoid of envy. "O," returned the former speaker, "I do not spend it all mamma puts it away for me ever}" day to buy more cod liver oil with!"—Loudon Figaro.

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Baird's methods not over 50,000 of the whole 1,000,000 are lost Baird has improved on nature.

governor,

A. B. M'GILL.

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TWO LIGHTHOUSES.

The

Minot's Tillman

Ledge and Towers.

Among the triumphs scored by marine engineering in America none is more marked than the construction of the two lighthouses here given. One, Minot's ledge, is in Massachusetts bay. The other, Tillmanook Rock light, is in the Pacific, eighteen miles from the mouth of the Columbia river. Both are out in tibe ocean, which sweeps around them and lashes their sides as if it would eat them up. Minot's ledge is a most dangerous low-lying rock in Massachusetts bay. Since Massachusetts bay began to be of commercial importance there have been lighthouses there of wood and iron. The iron one was destroyed by a gale. In 1855 the work of building a stone tower was begun. The ledge had to be excavated far down in a pit-like hollow to furnish foundation enough. So furious are the breakers here that this could only be done at low tide in the calmest weather. It was a bad season that year, and workmen were able to get in only 130 hours' labor altogether.

During the whole year 1857 there were only 130 hours and 21 minutes of working time. .... But through difflculty and dangei the work proceed ed, till in 1859 the iif Minot's ledge lamp began shining from a substantial stone tower. It is 114 feet high altogether. The tower is built of solid stone to a distance of 2c feet above the rock.

It seems firm as the everlasting hilla. The greatest diameter is 30 feet, which tapers off tc 22 at the top. Thif fine piece of workmanship cost $150,000.

The other famous lighthouse, Tillmawook rock, in the mono difficult work.

HINOT'S LEDGE LIS ITT

Pacific, seems even a The rock is of volcanic origin, and rises, a tremendous, bold cliff, 120 feet out of the water. In the calmest weather the waves that strike against it are so beaten back and broken that it is dangerqus to land here. There is no calm for Tillmanook.

In heavy storms the water is dashed, like a shower of shot, quite over the top of the rock. This was the plate where the gentle pastime of building a lighthouse was undertaken. Two men rowed out one still day and ventured a landing, not knowing whether they would come off alive. They did, however, and left there a cable made fast to the top. The other end of the cable was attached to the mast of a vessel, and over that, by means of hoisting apparatus, workmen, material and supplies were placed upon the wicked old rock. This was in October, '79. In January a storm swept over it, carrying away the hut containing the men's supplies.

TILLMANOOK LIGHTHOUSE.

Naturally they were a little nervous about that time. In 1881, however, the brave fellows completed their work and Tillmanook became an illuminated danger instead of a dark one. An iron bridge has since been built, one end of which rests on the rock and the other is dropped down to a vessel when a landing is attempted, which can only be in calm weather.

MALCOLM W. FORD,

MALCOLM W. FORD.

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INDIANA, THUB8DAY EVENING, OCTOBEP 14,1886.--TWO PARTS. PART

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The Champion "All Round" Athlete America. In a recent competition to decide the "all round" athletic championship of America, Malcolm W. Ford carried off the honors for the second time against afield of acknowledged ability. A summary of his performances on that occasion are as follows:

He ran 100 yards in 10 2-5 seconds a quarter of a mile in 541-5 seconds 120 yards, over 10 hurdles 3 feet 6 inches high, in just over 17 2-5 seconds threw a 56-pound weight 19 feet 4% inches cleared 5 feet 5% inches in a high jump put a 16-pound shot from the shoulder 36 feet inches vaulted with a pole 9 feet 3 inches threw a 16pound hammer 76 feet 3 inches, and cleared 20 feet 10 inches in the broad jump. The competition was decided by allowing five points to the winner of a single event, three points to second man and one point to third man. Mr. Ford secured 41 points in nine competitions^ and being thus assured of the championship did not compete in the two other events.

Unlike many other famous athletes, Mr. Ford has not along string of broken records to his credit, but his performances have all been worthy of recognition. But his standing jump, without weights, in which ho cleared 10 feet 9% inches, has never been approached by an amateur. His feat of clearing 34 feet 4% inches in three standing jumps is also the best on record in the world for an amateur. In vaulting with one hand on a bar he has cleared 5 /eet 3% inches, a feat never equaled.

Mr. Ford is a resident of Brooklyn, N. Y., is 24 years old, 5 feet 61-5 inches tall, and weighs about 145 pounds.

SOME AMERICAN HOMES. I

SPECIMENS OF OLD AND NEW SUBURBAN ARCHITECTURE.

Cam There Be Such a Thing as an American Architecture? Long, Low, Irregular Mansions Fashionable for the Country Now-Colonial Houses.

Many people with high art notions are fond of talking about "American architecture." "I don't believe there ain't no sich pusson," says Mrs. Prig. There can be no such thing as an American architecture. In Louisiana and Alabama a house should be low and broad, with halls as wide as a room, and a large roofed veranda all about it, to make it as cool and shaded as possible. In Minnesota a dwelling will want to be just as compact and tight built as it can be made, for warmth. The walls should be of triple thickness, the windows and door casings doubly lined and joined with the utmost care. Even then the needle-like frost points of a Manitoba blizzard penetrate them and lie in curdling little heaps upon the floor about the base boards. What kinship can there be between houses in which the first object is to keep heat out and those where the chief end of building is to keep it in. As has been remarked once or twice before, this is a big country.

In the old colonial days when only a small strip along the sea was inhabited, there was an architecture—American-Dutch in the neighborhood ®f New York and AmericanEnglish in the neighborhood of Boston.

•I BEN: PERLEY POORE'S HOME. But the old Dutch style stone houses, with high gables, influenced all the early building. One of the most notable of these old style American houses is the residence of Maj. Ben: Perley Poore. Maj. Poore is so well known as a Washington newspaper man and author that it will surprise many to know that he has a country home at all. That he has, and one of the quaintest, solidest old houses in the country, too. It is at Indian Hill, Mass. Maj. Poore's "fad," as the English would call it, is farming, a strange fancy for a newspaper man. But the veteran major is a fortunate journalist. He is able to throw away some of the money he earns in writing in keeping up a model fartn.

There are stone houses, built in somewhat the style of Maj. Poore's, only smaller and single roofed, scattered about New Jersey and New York state that are not less than 250 years old. That ancient iron-like stone which abounds in those parts is as rigid and unchanging as Dutch customs and New England Puritanism. More so, indeed, far more. Knickerbocker ways long since gave place to the American spirit of go ahead, and New England Puritanism is only the shadow of itself. But the old houses in which Puritans sang psalms through their noses and Dutchmen. smoked their pipes and drank beer remain.

Very comfortable were the old colonial houses. One strange thing impresses the delverinto the architecture of those days. Even the most primitive structures, those built in the pioneer days of the Atlantic division of states, are infinitely more comfortable and durable than the pioneer houses now put up in the prairie states. The latter are rickety and pasteboardlike, like everything else in this makeshift age. The fact does not indicate improvement in the American character. •,

HALLWAY OF S. G. WARD'S HOME. Some of the most beautiful of the lately built American country houses in the eastern states have returned somewhat to the old colonial pattern in construction. In the picture we have a hall and stairway from the residence of Samuel Gray Ward, of Lenox, Mass. All this region, in the neighborhood of the Berkshire hills, is picturesque, and men and means and taste have been not slow to avail themselves of its advantages in building sites. Some of the most beautiful rural mansions in America are in this neighborhood.

It is rather a noteworthy fact th&t while the finest homes in England are hidden away in the heart of the country, the most splendid and attractive homes'of America are, without exception, in the suburbs of the large cities. They are not exactly city or country houses, but half and half, as if our rich Americans had not yet quite made up their minds whether they liked the city or country best That is just the case. The generation of wealthy Americans immediately past clung to the city and detested country life. Now the tide of evolution is setting towards the country. It is a mark of improvement in taste.

HOME OF WILLIAM WALTER PHELPS. A case in point is at hand. The illustration shows the residence of William Walter Phelps, Esq., at Englewood, N. J. It is "long, low and rambling" enough to suit the fancy of the veriest young lady novelist The distinguished New Jersey congressman and his family live here all the Year when they are

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at nome, in preference to anywhere else. His house, like many other recent Tn^rnrfnrm, imitates the farmhouse pattern. The "cottages," so-called, of the summer dwellers at our watering places furnish some notable specimens of architecture, though, like Many other things American, they are vastly overdone. They are too fine, too large and costly to be inhabited only four months in the year. It is pleasant to feel sure, though, that many of our suburban homes of stone, brick and wood are as handsome and tasteful architecturally as any in the world. With the wealth that is rapidly increasing, the number of these will be constantly added to.

It is a relief to know that the high, narrow, box fashion of house is departing. Moderately low ceilings are far preferable to the lofty slit in the wall which used to be thought tho correct thing. When we go one step further and have houses built of plaster on the outside, vrith red-tiled roofs in ridges, that will be another step toward artistic beauty.

BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA.

fit* Marvelous Growth of a Southern City. .The growth of the "iron metropolis of the south," as Birmingham, Ala., is called, is one of the most marvelous developments of the "new south."

THE FIRST HOUSE,

The oldest house in Birmingham dates from 1871. In 1880 the population according to the census was 4,500. It is now over 22,000, and the tax valuation of the property is about $13,000,000. The reason for this magic growth is due to the location of the city, lied mountain, on the side of which the city rests, is a solid mass of ore, and supported on one side by the Warrior and on the other by the Cohaba coalfields, with limestone and fire clay lying between, one might imagine that here Vulcan had chosen his home. A solid mountain of iron ore—a huge vein twenty-four feet thick cropping out for 100 miles along the mountain dnd flanked on either side by mile after mile of splendid coal—it is something unprecedented in the history of iron manufacture

THE MINERAL EXHIBITION BUILDING The confidence with which the citizens of this youthful city look toward its prosperity is evidenced by the public buildings, among which is a building where the mineral products of the region may be exhibited, studied and discussed. A recent correspondent says of the city: One hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars per month is paid to labor by infantile industries only stoves, piping, steam engines, foundry outfits, furnace plants, etc., are shipped hence 1,000 miles chain factories and iron bridge factories, flour mills, furniture factories, cotton press factories and cotton gin factories are springing up. From the peaks overhanging this valley the philosophic inquirer may observe hurrying throngs of workingmen grading and paving wide streets constantly encroaching on the surrounding farms and along their lines mechanics build, one after another, great temples of trade, halls of education, church spires which kiss the clouds, beautiful homes, and ever leave the end of one day overhang with unfinished work for the next. Over $7,000,000 are invested in the great industries of the place, and no less than twenty-one iron furnaces are now either in active operation or about to begin work.

THE BARD OF CHATAUQUA.

Death of the

SECOND

Man Who Translated Bible into Terse.

Amos Ferguson was born upon a farm in Chatauqua cpunty, New York, about four miles from the city of Jamestown, in tho year 1814, and the seventy-two years of his life, which recently closed, was spent on the same farm.

Mr. Ferguson was an odd specimen of humanity, withal a very good, patriotic and devout man. During the war the composition of war ditties lured more than did the pursuits of agriculture, and oftentimes his fields were neglected while he composed these ballads and traveled around the country in tho immediate vicinity of his home singing them on street corners, or wherever he could secure an audience.

As the tunes, which were also original

AMOS FERGIJSON. with him, were somewhat peculiar, he never failed to draw a crowd. He had a daughter whom he induced to accompany and assist him on these occasions, but when maturer years showed to her the sarcastic applause, which to tho old man was the highest approbation, she forsook the barrel or box on the street corner and the old gentleman was compelled to "go it alone."

Perhaps the greatest triumph of Mr. Ferguson's life was the transcribing of the Bible into verse. This translation he published in a book, but its sale was limited, notwithstandingrthe book possessed a great deal of merit

Boston Girl—What do you think or Emerson, Mr. Wayoff? Mr. W. (from Cincinnati) —Well, Billy used to sing pretty well, but he never was as funny to me as Billy Rice or Charley Backus.—Chicago Rambler.

Someone is said to have invented a substance that can be seen through more clearly than glasg. We don't know what it can be unless it is a man's excuse to his wife for not returning home before 2 a. m.—New Haven 1 News.

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REVEREND WEATHER PROPHET.

rhe Rev. Irl R. Hicks, of St. Louis, and His Prediction*. It Is not to be wondered at that a man whose thoughts and eyes are constantly turned heavenward should discover the secret of the changes in the elements above us. This is what the Rev. Irl R. Hicks, of St Louis, has done. He is the pastor of the Olive Branch Congregational church, and a very modest, energetic. and popular minister. He is 40 years old, and has from the time he was a boy been singularly REV. IRL R. HICKS. fond of studying and speculating upon weather changes. Four years ago he arrived at the conclusion that astronomy held the explanation of all the weather phenomena seen by the inhabitants of tho earth, and after a long and earnest examination into all the theories of meteorology connected with astronomy, be at last settled upon that which has been given to the world by Professor Tice—that the planets all exert an influence upon each other, and that all the meteorological effects felt by this planet can be traced to causes arising from the movements of other planets. In 1884 Mr. Hicks felt that he had obtained enough facts to be able to fix the time for all the great weather changes during this decade, and issued what he called the Weather Prophet, a small past-board chart,upon which the disturbances were noted by figures, and the planet given to which they owed their origin. Below is a portion of the chart with the storm predictions for the next three months:

October Mercury. Venus

9 20

1 12 24 13 10

51728 27

Venus

In the chart as printed the black figures show the dates upon which small storms or disturbances not of an extraordinary character will occur, while the lighter figures indicate storms of greater violence and the names of tho planets to hold resonsible for the disturbances are also given.

Mr. Hicks says further: I hope some day, and I believe the time is not far distant wheik we will be able to predict exactly when au storm will break, .where it will strike first,, and its exact nature—hurricane, tornado,, cyclone, flood or earthquake.

G£RONIMO'S CAPTOR. -lil

Capt. Henry W. Lawton, Fourth United States Cavalry. The chase and capture of Geronimo and Natchez together with their band of outlawed Chiricahuas necessitated one of the most harassing expeditions that ever fell to a soldier's lot The exceptional vriliness of the savages and the wild nature of the country, through which the pursuing soldiers were compelled to travel thousands of miles, adds to the glory of the expedition.

To Gen. Miles is due the credit of planning the campaign, but to Capt. Lawton's command is due the credit of the capture. Capt. Lawton entered the volunteer army in

April, 1861, as a sergeant of the Ninth Indiana infantry, and at the end of tho war had become lieutenant colonel of his regiment. Then he entered the regular service as second

CAPT. LAWTON. lieutenant of infantry, and was transferred to tho cavalry in 1870. During tho last seven years he has been captain of Company B, Fourth cavalry, and was much esteemed for his soldierly qualities by Gen. B. S. Mackenzie, on whose staff, we believe, he served. In his great pursuit of Gei-onimo, Lawton "kept him shooting until he had nothing left to shoot with," as Gen. Stanley once expressed it, and it was no doubt their lack of ammunition that largely influenced the surrender of the Apaches. When once Geronimo and his son Chappa came in, and the hereditary chief, Natchez, followed, tho campaign was crowned with complete success.

ROBERT S. GREEN,

Democratic Nominee for Governor of New Jersey. Robert S. Green, whom the Democrats recently nominated as their candidate for gov ernor of New Jersey, is a member of the law firm of Vanderpoel, Green & Cuming, of New York. He is a native of New Jersey, and belongs to one of the blue.'" blood families of that state, and is a very rich man. He I is in the neighbor-" hood of 50 years of age. His candidacy was conducted by Senator McPherson,-and was a victory for him no less than for Mr. Green.

weronimo is not pronounced Gee-ronimo, but Hetronimo, says a morning editor. Hood hracious what is he hiving us? What a hay and a hiddy style of talk this hentle-. man would het us into. Iy hosh, we won't have it Ho to! Ho tb!—Washington Critic.

Milwaukee has a summer school of philosophy, which is now in session discussing the "Henceness of the Wherefore and the Correlative Tooness of the Absolute Utter." The relation which these burning questions bear to the price of beer is of urgent importance to every citizen of Milwaukee.—Philadelohia -j. Press.