Terre Haute Weekly Gazette, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 6 July 1882 — Page 5

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by 1100,000,000. When I wu one of your Representatives 1 voted against a river and barber bill of C6.000.000 because I thought It was

extrava

gant, but tbla Congress votes faO.OOOiWO with perfect ease. I was last year at While 8ulphur Springs, in Virginia, and I was shown a stream whlcn hart been improved by an appropriation. Itwaa called Dry Creek. fLanghter.1 The appropriatlon bad cleared out tbe brush and rubblah, and the thing had run dry uid was rightly named. You have beard that thin Republican Houae ot Repreientatives, which has been purifying Itself by turning out Democrats In violation of law, has adopted a deficiency pension bill of $100,000,000, What amount will be required for tbe original bill I do not know. There are two classes of expenditures which are destined, if they are not checked, to bankrupt the Treasury. It wont be long before •every able-bodied man in this coiintrv will be on the pension list and the cripples will be off of U. But we have commenced a civil list of pensions which is almost as large now as the English list. and it will go on until we will pension every Federal officer in the Government. We now pension all the Federal Judges, all of tbe army officers who are retired at the age of sixty-three, and it will

on down until all the clerks will ave to go upon the roll of pensions. This Republican party is keeping up and maintaining the most unjust and iniquitous system of taxation which has ever been fastened upon a free people. We now have two systems of taxationinternal revenue and tariff duties. The Internal revenue now rests mainly upon two articles. The other tax, the tariff, has been growing into its

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resent monstrous proportions for years. During War it was Insisted that a great increase was ueoessary for war purposes but after the War they refused to decrease the tariff, as it should have been. In 1842 the Henry Clay tariff, the high protective tariff of that day, did not average upon manufactured articles more than 30 per cent., but the present rate Is over 50 per cent, upon the same articles. Ndw, my followcitizens,(instead of disposing of this question, tbe Republican Congress has turned tee whole question over to a Commission appointed by the President, a majority of whom are in favor of the classes who are benefited by the present system. (Senator McDoualdJread extracts from his speech to tbe Convention a year ago defining his views on the subject, and reaffirming the ?i«ws then ex nressed. 1, Whv am I In favor of tariff for revenue? Because unaer ouil Constitution -we have no authority to exercise It In any other way, In levying a tariff for revenue, the main object should be to make the burthen of that revenue as nearly equal as possible, and in doing this, duties will be laid upon those articles which come most sharply iu competition with American articles.

Let me illustrate this now. Last year the revenue derived from the importation of sugar amounted to 948,000,000, almost 1 a nead. This was the raw material, and the additional cost of having it refined amounts to million* more. Our exports to foreign countries last ye'at were nearly S860.000.000. Ninetv per cent, of this was tbe products of the soil: it was wheat, corn, cotton, etc. AB a result tbe price of these articles was not fix a at homo, but on a foreign shore. The price of wheat in Chicago was fixed In Liverpool. There was imnorted into our country last year of foreign manufactures a little more than $400,000,000. Thus the manuf&cturmg interests of the country are enabled to buy the products of the soil at prioes fixed In the markets of ilie world, while the people buy at the high prices fixed by the effect of this tariff. But they say It Is a prolection to labor. Did it protect lkbor in 1873, when the panic (Same on? HM It been any protection to labor since? If so. why these strikes nil over the country? Why is tbe laborer compelled to make himself almost an outlaw to get his rights(?) Rut there are some iuterests which have a double protection, for instance, the steel interest, which is takiug the place of iron on all our railways. This Is because reoent discoveries in the manufacture of steel have reduced (he oost of it to that of iron, nearly. The protectionist might say thai this discovery Is the result of protection, buti the discovery belongs to England. There are eleven great corporations in this country which have a •complete monopoly o! the steel trade. They are protected by a tariff of $28 a ton on Imported steol rails, which is about their cost in England. Thdse corporations are making from 50 to 300 percent. This was shown in a recent trial in Philadelphia. It seems to me the sooner the people iriet to understand this question the better ft will be for us. No one will controvert tbe proposition that we are entitled to an economical administration of the affairs of the Government. If We are to cut ff.extravagance in the expenses of the Government we must commence by cutting down taxes, for as sure as tbe money gets there they will find some way to spend It.

Another question of the law is the proposed Constitutional amendments. A distinguished divine of this city has said that be is opposed to putting this provision in the Constitution, because if the people were educated up to it they would not need it, and if they are not they Will notobey it. I have not much faith in those reformers who go through the eouutry trying to reform society lifting tip one corner of with a jack screw., 1 am willing to be as good as my lueiuhbors, never sought the nistu [For

put 1 have never sought the distinction of being better than my neighbors. (For one I nropose to oppose this movement at ev^ry step. 1 believe that tbe manufacture of llquoM is a legitimate branca of industry, and I do not Intend that an edict shall go forth to banish it fttm the titite. From this time'on until the Question is definitely settled, I am opposed to'the measure. I am as wliliug to trust the people as any man. but in a constitutional way. Suppose that tome ox our Churches should conceive that the present regulations were all wr6ng, andi that thp divorcement of the Church and State is all wrong.. Is the Legislature to provide for an established "Churoh by submitting the question to a vpte of ithe people? If you are in favor of it-4"yes If you ace opposed to It—"no." Of course the Republican party will take both sides of, the quesi.tion, but inasmuch as I am opposed toH, 1 shall vote against it in all its stages. Mv opiufoh is th*t we are going to cany Indiana this fall. [Great applauso.j If we are true to burselves we will wipe out the stain of two years ago.

The impreiwton has gone out that Tndiana oau be bought. We mi^st wipe out that stain. Hubbel proposes a tax of 2 per cent, on all salaries. Do you know how this, is done? The investigation of the matter nnder the management of Shermfco shows. A subscription •book was started, with Sherman's name {first, and this was passed through the Treasury Department, and all understood tnat a subscription was the

Say,

rloe of their continuance in office. 8omo other when I am in good humor, I will te il you all 3 think about the Republican party. Lfjaught^r and applause].

THE BANQUET.

Regular Toasts and Responses, Iietters, Btc Etc., Eto. We deai in no stilted phrase whei we aay that the banquet given by the Beindcrats of Indianapolis to the Democratic editors ol Indiana and other invited guests "was one bf the most brilliant affairs tfy&t ever dame oft in the citv of lhdlanapolis and we doubt if in the history of the press in the Weetanr entertainment of tbe kind ever approximated it in magnificent surroundings. It was in ail regards recherche, and everyb dy was delighted. Professor James H. Smart, -Chairman c£ the Reception Committee, WaB indefatigable in bis labors to have system and order prevail, and his admirable executive abilities were brought into full play, and were crowned with success* He had the tables arranged in the best style, fcud his assiBtants on the Committee esdptied the guests to their places at the tab)&j ib true military style no mistakes were! made. There were seated at the Board thr following named editors: I

H. J. FeltuS, Bttottingto? p6t|tieir: McDonald, Columbia City, Henu3 Arnold, Columbus .'. Democrat: Higgs, Conneraville Examiner: Qwartney, Corydon Democrat Gwynn, Covington People's Friend: & Henklfe, Ci^awfordsviUe Review D. King, Danville Gaxette H, J. Hill* Etecatur Democrat A. B. Crampton, Delphi Times J. B. Stall, Elkhart Monitor T. F. Redmond,' Fowler Review W. J- Hilligas, Hanrington Democrat^ J. R. Maynard, Indianapolis Sentinel A. Sieideneticker, Indianapolis (German Teltiraph Clement Doane, Jasper Courier pM]V» Jeffersonville News] J. 0. Heudi\n»op, ko komo 'Dispatch Dr. A. SL .Park* rMve(n»ia!i« ville News W. H. D. Hunter Iistwrenqei burg Register: W. t: Louthsrti. atidj^Jfohn W. Baroea. Logahspdrt Phar^s•,, fl.' H. ti.' ir«• rSiA—

OwL Oole, Peru Sentinelr Frt^ont |^tersburgDemi^at ,t^,y. .Gray, Port lane

Bun J. H. Bierf, Beottsburg Democrat John H. Forsyth, 'Seymour Democrat Roval A. Purcell, Vincennes Sun W. W. Baily, Vincennes News Stephen Belding, Washington Democrat S. P. Riley, Brazil Miner W. H. Boswell, Noblesville Independent: James Elder, Richmond Democrat J. B. Faulknor, Michigan City Dispatch 8. R. Williams, William 8wamp, Booneville Enquirer T. H. Harrison, Lebanon Patriot J. C. Doublebower, Lafayette Dispatch Howell A. Hill, Liberty Democrat W. M. Moss, Bloomfield Democrat L. A, Kirk wood, Mancie Democrat W. T. Brownlee, Anderson Democrat Scot Ray, 3helby Democrat Frank Drake, Shelbyville Volunteer V. F. Lancing, Brazil Democrat M. A. Barnett, Madison Herald: J. M. SeUer, Crawfordsville Review Frank Arnold, Green castle Star-Press Captain Jonathan Peters, New Albany Ledger S. Ray Williams, Tipton Times Albert H. Sparks, Mt. Vernon Democrat Daniel McDonalc}, Plymouth Democrat.

When all were seated tbe President of the evening, lion. Oscar B. Hord, dalled the assemblage to order, and delivered the following welcoming address, which was received with generous applause: ::i*» JUDOB HOBD'8 SPKBCI.'*'V

UK. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN OF THE1C)EMOCRATIC EDITORIAL ASSOCIATION—Asa very slight testimonial on the part of the Democrats of Indianapolis, of the hign esteem in which they hold the Demdbratic press of the State, 11 have been requested to tender you this entertaihment, and I regret that every Democratic editor in tbe State is not present to participate in it. Since I860 we have not had the control of the Federal Government. and during tbe larger part of: that time we have been in the minority in the State. Neither tbe honors nor the emoluments of politics have fallen to as to furnish adhesive power in tbe maintenance Of our organization What has vitalized and maintained our organisation has been its devotion to principle. We have believed that in politics certain principles wjere right and certain doctrines Wrong, and we have adhered hopefully to what was right through these many years of defeat.

We believe that our organization tbe representative of that element in the country that desires that all the States shall live together in loving harmony, maintaining a reverential affection for a Federal Government founded. upon a Constitution that does not in fact or bj( proper construction discriminate between different sections of the country—a Constitution that maintains the dignity and power of the Government, but does not encroach upon the rights and powers of tbe people of the States in the administration of their local affairs.

That it represents the element thatihonestly desires the protection of life, liberty and property that is opposed to monopolies tnat requires that labor shall be protected as well as capital, and that neither shall be sacrificed upon the demand of the other that favors the readjustment of the tariff and revdnue laws, so that while they efficiently accomplish their legitimate objects they shall not be oppressive in consequence of their unequal operation! and unjust discriminations: that believes that the burdens of taxation should pass upon proserty rather than upon the wants ana necessities of the people that seeks to foster a high order of healthy morality, but believes that the people are capable of self government, and that fanatibii-m should not be substituted for good sense and sound policy in legislation. To these principles we have adhered through this long period of nefeat. and from year to year have rallied at tne polls for their maintenance. I

A party with right principles can nk become a power in the land unless those principles are maintained by able, industrious and manly advocates, and the Democratic press of the St ite haA been the chief agency in keeping the |arty in the proud position it occupies.

Appreciating the obligations of the party to its press, and to yon personally, gentlemen, we desire to express our gratification at having you with us to-night I extend to you and also to our political brethren who are present, who are not press men, a cordial welcome.

Colonel J. B. Maynard, President of the Democratic Editorial Association qf Indiana, responded to Judge Hord's welcome as follows

JUDGE HOBD—I am deprived, of the privilege of assuring your guests that 1 am taken by surprise. The programme has given warning information of what will be required of me on this occasion in the' way of a response to your address of welcome to the Democratic editors of Indiana. I could wish the duty had been assigned to some other editor. It is not an easy task, sir.) to respond lnfitttng phrase to your generous nbrds. If it were a mere matter of words—word •r word—I might feel less embarrassment but,] sir, I find that if lb any degree I meet the demands of the occasion, 1 most comprehend the splat of your words—tbe essential ideas they, convey. I feel assured, sir, III say that the heart of every editor in this banqueting: hall, in response to your welcome, throbs back a response off generous appreciation, I shall not be required tc retract or modify the declaration—welcome. It a grand word. How completely in its uttera ice it fills even a large mouth with what majesti: cadence it voices the munanlmous seutimea is of large hearts. Welcome! It is a word takei from the lexicon Of the skleA. It has been he ird by pilgrims when asking admittance at the.nearly gates, associated with the aoclamatii n, "Well done good and faithful servant" Why, sir, if our vocabulary were stars instead of ras, welcome would be a planet as georgeousl adorned as Saturn, to-night ah evening star shining high advanced lb the heaven of evei editors hopes, and irradiating this banqueting hall with the glory of its effulgence...,Welcom il it is a word to set to thuslc Indeed, it is an athefr —a dlvihe song, I have h0ard.it sung by 1 lie winds when the pine trees were their hirpe and I bate sought their shade foil repose I have heard the cascades of! brooks sing it with thrush accompaniments,! when a boy I sought umbrageous nooks to build air castles for luture habitation.. Welcome! It is a poem, embodying the divinity of friendship. To recite it is to invite the soul to its windows, and eyeB sparkling with etherial light tells to all that the soul is awake and alive to all the felicities that welcome offers to toe weldomed. I I realize, sir, the warmth, the glow, the magnet ism of your words of welcome. Aroun editors from every KeCtlon of our em They are Hen of busy fingers and bu They are watch tower men. They si lng thoughts and coming eilterprli catch the electricity from the wires an upon the printed page. They are tL.. flnderoofthe age—in sympathy with every good word and work—and as they rise to higher elevations, they are forever shouting to the toilets below, Come up higher. From the rugged roads ot toll and drudgery Democratic editors Of Indiana have beeh invited by the DemocratSof Indianapolis to turn aside Into the flowery path-

ways

Colonel Maynard's speech was ceived, and the applause con tin time after the Colonel had taken The following is tbe 'A **"0! 'ltiJ 4«ii» ^a« ij.~ .SOOT.

you are restate. brains al com-

flasb it path

of festive felicities, and herel around the banqbedqg board, with youf generis nestling in the^r hearts like daves. and waves

oUs words _.w lingering in thefr eart as (he song of loiters in the sea 'shell, we feel at homi

ell re. some is seat.

Green TI itle.

Chicken Consomme. PISH. Broiled California Salmon, Champagne Sauce.

Baked striped Bass, with Small 1 otatoes. Boiled Chicken. Boiled Buffklo Tongue. Boast Spring L«unb. Roast Beef.

Boast Leg of Jlutton.

New Potatoes. Green Peas Egg

3lant.

Asparagus. CauUfloW( r. .,i i., Sliced Tomatoes Broiled 8pring Chicken..on Toast

Loin of Frac,'Fried in Batter.

.il-* Queen Fritters, Hard ^tahd Sauce, Cucumber Salad. Shrimp.Sali d. Dressdd Lettuce*

Fruit Pudding, BiandySauce.''

Wine Jelly. Chooolate Eclairs. Fan Cake. Charlotte Rb«ee. ConfecUoneiy. Strawberries, with Cream.

Nuts, Raisins, Badanari. I igs. Vanilla ice cream. Grapes. Punch, a la R* miine. Cheese. Coffee.

At the Close of the report Judgi Hord again called the guests-toorder it proceeded to read the regular toasts ir order and call for responses. For fully two hour? the banqueting hall rang with applause as gentlemen responded to the toasts.

The first toast was "Our. Country." Hon. J. G. Shanklin, of fivansville, not: being present, the following letter from that gentleman was read:

IVAWSVIIXK, Ind., June28,a88l

To Hon. James H. 8mart, Indianapolis: Mr DBAB Bia—I naye detened until pow answering yewr letterendosirtg an invitation to

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IT "F IF E i^C 3D

be present at the semi annual Convention of the Donocratic editors of Indiana and the banquet to be given'in their honor Ot the evening of the 29th, "In the hope that affairs would so shape themselves as to allow me to be present Even the possibility which I at first cherished has now entirely disappeared, and 1 am relncantlv compelled to say that it will not be practicable for me to attend. Allow me through you to assure my brothers of the press that I shall be glad to cooperate with them in any policy they may adopt having in view the advancement of Democrattc principles and tbe success of the Democratic, party.

Hoping that the social relations among Democratic journalists may be promoted by this reunion, and sincerely regretting mat I can not be a sharer la your councils and festivities, I beg to remain vc^y fraternally yours,

J. G. SHANKLIN.

The. second toast, "The Citizen Soldier," was responded, to by Colonel I. B. McDon aid, of Columbia City, qs follows:

I. B. M'DONAX.D'8 SPEECH.

GKNTLKXEN AND BRETHREN OF THE PRESS— A very pleasant duty has been assigned to me on this very pleasant occasion, having enlisted aaa private soldier ou the 21st day of April, 1861, with 100 others, iu the County of Whitley, where I had had my home for nearly twenty years. Tbe young men who enlisted with me at our common country's call were my immediate neighbors—my neighbor's children—ma«y of whom my old students in the schools in which I'had taught for many years. These young men came from the stores, the workshops, the farms and the school rooms. While they were engaged in aif ferent vocations in life's battle for weal or woe,, they enlisted for a common caime—the cause of a eommon country. They one and all bad a com* scon purpose, which was to stand by their country "right or wrong."

They went forth to do battle for the salvation and perpetuity of the greatest Repfubiic evei* instituted for the common and equal rights of all meu who might be within its borders. Many of these gallant men, without any military training or education in that direction, arose from the very humblest walks of life to eminent positions in tne service of their country and returned to their homes and loved ones, scarred! and maimed for all time. Some were more forte nate to pa«s through the terrible ordeal of many a hard fought battle and came out unharmed. -Many suffered and died from hard service and sickness, far from mother, father, brother or sister. Many wbo bad left a dear and loved wife, and as dearly loved children, suffered the same fate Many a brave and gallant "boy in blue" met bis death messenger on the terrible battle field where the missiles of death had no respect for condition or tank. These noble patriots never returned to home, mother, fatner, brother, sister, wife or children, but slept and still sleep the long sleep that knows no waking till the great battle of the.elemeiits and the voice of God shall call them into a ndw life. Many of us lived to return after having done as best we could our duty to our country, to meet and greet those whom we loved and who loved us. Seventeen fleeting years have passed away since the close of that most terrible and memorable struggle, and with these years have passed away thousands of the gallant and brave returned soldiers who were maimed and worn out in a terrible service. Many of us still live to remember our many hardships in all th0 positions and changes of |the service to remember with heartfelt feelings, which often make jus weep, the uoble fallen, dead comrades,who stood byus like a wall of Iron and firs in most trying times. These fallen and dead heroes we can not, we must uot forget They died in,a noble cause —he cause of their country. The fortunates of our comrades returned, aud like noble citz»«i soldiers, resumed their old places and former status in society. War was hushed: the musket, tbe sword and the cmnou were laid aside, and the thoughts of war and battles were banished, except in memiory's tablet. In every vocation ol life in this courary you wih find the citizen soldier plodding hip even way down life's rugged stream you will fmd him loyal, honest and worthy. The brave ana true citizen soldier qan not and will not be a bad citizen or a dishonest man hi any ot the walks oi life, private or public. A brave and true citizen soldier must be an honest manhonest with himself, honest with his fellows stud honest to his God. I here state a proposition, that a man who has had the moral courage for years to face the missiles of death aid carmige, can not and will not afford to black«}n his good, name by a .dishonorable act This iproposition should apply to all men, and more especially 'o a citizen soldier. May the citizen and .the citizen soldier remain equal in rights, equal (in patriotism and go hand in hand, side by side, in working out the great problem of life in tills great and free Republic, where each and ever.w one, rich and poor, high and low, have the same rights to success, pleasure &nd distinction among fair women and brave men. „u.*

The third toast, "Tfie'Dempcraric Press," was, responded to by Hon.

1V.

Hunter.of Lawrenceburg, as foll ws:y^' MR. PRtalDiENT, GFENTLKMEN OF ?HE PHtSa AND FKLLOW DEMOCRATS—The tenijerature of the atmosphere to-hight and the suggoi tion of tbe Committee aflmtonisb ine that I mist be brief. Ten'minutefe is a shopt time for a sUbj sot of such magnitude as the "Dfembcratic Press,' yet I will endBaVor to sAywhHtl have tO say iu the briefest time possible and whatever I maj{ say of the press generally Will be equally appydble to the Democratic press in partfctilftr. Tnat the press is tbe moat potent element that oOntrdls thought .there can be no question: and in a Government like ours, where the sovereignty of the Nation rests with the people^ its

influence is Immeasur

able Nowhere in tne world Is individuality so dlstmctly marked as in America, and nowhere outside the limits of the United States is the freedom of speech and action soifully gursnteed^to the people as here. And when we are medcj acquainted with the fact that the twelve thousand periodicals. in this country,- at every lsste, throw broadcast over the land 28,000,OOM 1 copies of their circulation, and that we, as a 'pdople, read as touch if not moreo! periodical literature than those.of all the other Nations of the world eombined.lt will not aippear unreasonable for me to assert that the masses in this country exercise greater influence upon governmental affairs than these of any other part of the globe. The importance, therefore, of tbe press as the proper vehicle of thought as well as an educator of public sentiment! In this country, can not be fully estimated, and can only bo known in a limited degree by itsi results. Hardly a County in the United States that has not, its press, and no matter how feebly it may be conducted, it has its local following,' and gives sentimehtin a greater or less degree to the people among whom It circulates. It is not expected, however, that a paper can rise much above the mental capacity of its patrons. If It lives and is sustained, however, by the eommunity In which it is published the manager is entitled to the greatest of credit for hia effort to snstaia its life and the influence It sheds abroad. To be truly and substantially successful, howevei it must have special merit and to the extent *hat it de« yelops.thought, defends the right, gives the news, and in clear, terse .language expresses! its convictions with a view to good results, Will it sue-, eeed. Itis Wonderful what an advancement has beeiv made in the oharacter and ablfity of the press in this portion oftne country 'during the past twenty yeais. Manv here Uynlght dan readily call t6 mind when there was scarcely a .newspaper inthls State outside of tbe cltiesjthat was known or recognized beyond the bordfens of the County where it waa published, while, at present, we have a. soore of editors in every part of the State with ability and Influence equal td any of those of the metropolitan press. They] wield a ready and trenchant pen, and with, mental pOwer equal to tbe ablest la any oi tbe other professions, they: are building character, molding senttmeU' and. riving shape opinion* viat will give caste and character to our oountry in the fu-. ture unparalleled in the history of the world. With.such an element organized into a '.political force, itis easy to see that its power wduld only be limited by its opportunities. Gentlemen or the press, you iei»esent that political force, and as the party whose champions yen are is a party of the people, it.is your duty to see that the princlples of that party are soaintained against, the unrighteous ,adts.. of the party of monopolies, wealtby corooratiOBS. banking prerogatives and the rule and iuin policy that- has always discriminated in favor of capital as agalnst'Mbo^. with the exception of tbe twelve years that the ioverninent, iu its Infancy, was under the.rule of the Inderal party, the Democratic party controlled the legislation of the country for sixty years..and whatever is great, whatever is superior in Us as a Nation. lh Coniparison with other Nations of the World,' Is due to the principles enunciated by the Democratic party during that period. f* if was tbe (Oimatlofi as wdl as the period of. development that give, as the peculiar heritage of tne NatiOH Of personioitles, where tbe humblest may become^the greatest, and the right of. the lowliest Is eouai to the Privileges ot the highest. It is the duty of the Democratic press to sustain the»e prindplefeUhd hold np before the people the corruptions of the Bepubllcau party, the profligacy Of tbe (Srant dynasty, the venality of the Hayes Administnttiou, not forgetting to keep before them the theft of the Presidency, and the present, Administration, rotten with its own corruptions. It is year duty gentlemen, to hold up to thegare of the people that party whose leaders robbed the mail service, reveled at the funeral of the Chief Exeoative or the ballon, debauched the centennlal of that period in our history that gave Us independanoe by drunken orgies, spending tl saads of «oUam for wtne,Whfie we tonight in banquet hall, as Democrats, have discarded it

from the festal board entirely. In ooucluslon, let me remind the Democratic forces of this State that they must harmonize en the issue of the present campaign, that the success that belongs to our party at the next election shall be otus.

The fourth toast. "The Judiciary," was responded te by Hon. Wm. H. Nittlack, of the Supreme Court, as follows:

I can not claim to be In all respects a representative member of tba Judiciary, out I will say a word for those men who have made the Judiciary of Indiana what it la In the arbitration of the Bt&te much depends upon the character of the men who control this branch of the government Indiana was fortunate in this regard during her early history. These were followed by others, all of whom, perhaps, have not achieved as much renown, but whose works area credit to them. We have always a number of highly able men In the Circuit and other Courts of the State. Few publications have done more to advance the reputation of the State than the early Supreme Court Reports of Judge Blackford. I am proud to say that no Judge of Indiana has brought a stain upon the fair fame of our Judiciary. The conditions which cluster areund us are in favor of law and order. While we are conservative I trust we are at the same time reasonably progressive. Then, sir, we are and must of necessity be, if true to our position, in favor of liberty—rational liberty so guarded by Constitutional provisions that it will be free from the attacks of arbitrary power. If Indiana does not want to see bad laws enforced let her see to it that bad laws are not enacted.

The fifth toast, "The Press ind School,' wan responded to by William C. Ball, Esq., of

Terre Haute, as follows: Mr. President, distinguished Democrats, and my fellow editorial rulers of the unlyerse:

To have one's auditors lured from their lurking places where you have been bombarding them for manv months and at long rslnge to gather -them together into a compact and unsuspecting mass to ambuscade them and then, when you can »ee the whites of their eyes, as 1 .do now, to cry havoc, and let slip the sanguinary tongue to up and at them with the sabre of deadly human speech, asking aud giving no quarter—that is my Idea of an editor's joy. It Is the fopust joy I feel now. It is a joy which most of yeu, my fellow warriors of the cralt, miut imagine you are experiencing and share by proxy. You must realize and be thankful for it innt iti me you are, as it were, paying off the long score of oratory with which tbe many distinguished Democratic otatesmen of Indiana, some of whom afe with us tonight—In fact, whose guests we

are—have, to

change the metaphor, fusiladed us our compositors, proof-readers and the general pnblic, in the past, when there was no eye to pity, and no hand to save.

Of course, I do not expect by anything may say to enlighten you, my fellow editorial neaconligbts on the watch towers of the centuries. Fresh as we all ate from our sanctums and from the Irksome but beneficent task of regulating municipal, County, State and Natiooal affairs: of issuing commands to Kings and Cabinets of firing paper fusilades, deadlier than dynamite bombs, at the Czar of Russia (\ytaose persistence in existence in spite of UH is a monumental exhibition of perversity) of ordering the procession of the equinoxes of controlling the tides of tbe lond-resounding sea Of ooddllng the equator and patronizing the poleMn a word, fresh from our .congenial employment of ruling the universe ahd showering blessings on maukind, we may confer togethej, as Jove and his fellow-gods conferred on high Olympus, but none of us may hope to instruct his brother. We are fellow teachers in tbe University of the World, and mankind a.e pur pupils.

This brings me to my subject. And 1 desire, at the outset, to correct an error in its wording as it appears on the programme. It is an error due to the fact that some one other than sp editor was itn author. Asjrinted, it reads: "The Press and the Sohool." That is a mistake. Mr. President. The press is the school—the school of the universe, or rather and better, the University of mankind.

Technically speaking there is something, and a very good something it is, too, here in Indiana, which we ctill the Public School system. It is a well-man-aged and well-ordered institution! for It was founded by Democrats and was, therefore, good in the beginning, and it has a royal endowment from the pockets and a richer endowment in the affections of the people by whom It wjas nurtured and is sustained. But bless I you. MT President, if I may be pardoned for shower: ing on your head a benediction, which has, however, the merit of being gratuitous,[the Public School svstem of Indiana, with all lu excellent elaboration of grades—with its Normal School, its High Schools, its University^ and Its Agricultural Colleg#—is. after all. only a primary department in life'sgreat school, fitting the pupils for the Unlversity courte which the press provides. It is a sort of feeder to the press as switches—suggestive term in connection with schools—and aide tracks to coal mlnei are to a line of railroad. Its nuplis—those 10 are not perpetual wearers of the dunce cap an so given over to the utter abomination of igr oronce—its beet pupils take the regular Unlv( irsity Press course, whose diplomas are keptbjr tb Recording Angel and awarded in Heaven af&r a well read life. And its teachers—those who do the best work and achieve tbe best results, are mcouraged by the hope (not unfreauently realize* I am-glad to say) «kat they may some time' beooi te ediinrS, and so professors in tbe College of Joui nali im. I know how that is. for I broke into lonrflallsm through a school room myself.

It occurs to me now, Mr. President, tbat-if'a certain distinguished Democrat, who is among the list of our entertainers to-night, es at well during the next four or eight years as he did when he was Superintendent of cur Pnblic School system, he mar reasonably lo forward after that period of probation to a' pre motion to a professorship in the College of Joui nalism. 1 nope, at any rate, he is animated by that high ambition.

The faculty of the College of Jou nalism Is often, recruited from the ranks of tbe be it teachers in the schools. But whoever heard of the order being reversed, and of an editor Incoming a teacher,except through the accident of I il fortune as Bonaparte, for example: the Klnt business proving unremunerative, became garde ler on the arid and not particularly arable helg its of St. Helena.

There are downs, as well asups in life and over all is written''kismet" Nor are ire entire masters of our fate. Life Is full of disSp fhmenis All Can not be editors any more than al can eat cake as an habitual diet. Some must lawyers, or doctors, or undertakers, and, though seems a hard fate, such is the force of original si i, some, I

5Hecreation

resume, must be Republicans. Tbe lrpose in of thUclMS was manifestly furnish us Democratic editors with the Taw mi .terial of lnneoenee and ignorance on which to do missionary labor.

The press, Mr. President, and thesehrol, technically so called, have a common oris lUi Both were born in the same Illustrious brain It took ages to bring them to their present stite of perfection. They d^l not spring as did Mlc erva. tull armed from the head of Jove nor as did ideal beauty in the form and face oi Venfus from the ocean'a foam. Century and cycles befbi the discovery of the art of prinong from movi ble type before the perfection of the printing •ess, that titanic marvel of modern Invention teforethe evolution of sohool books and the apot heosls of book agents there was an editor and teacher uniting both functions in himself. 1 see in old Socrates, wandering up aid down the streets of Athens in that far off time, the founder of ourguild. He did then, an id many difficulties, what we, with larger oppo tunitles, are .doing every day. He swapped goss on the -street corners with every passer-by. N reporter of the present gathers gossip more ass! duously. He talked philosophy in the market-pla as we

Spen.the

O oh editorial page. He castigated wrnngThat, as gvery rascal knows.to hfsorroa, is out constant occupation. He diffused inform, ation. For that are we editors and .teachers.

Only apart of his life and work is known, for his literary executors, whodrove a thriving trade in philosophy at the Academy and Lycebm—and Plato ahd Aristotle were not small mett, exoent as measured by their master—wese nut jBoswella aha did not deem worthy of transmitting to posterity the minutes of his career. Itie Ptenticlana wehave,but theSocraOnaarelo^t.'

We only have his heavier editorial, on Immortality, in which, I am glad to say, hediftered from Mr. Ingersoll, the Republican stateetnan and lawyer for the Star Route thieves, on obedience to the laws, in opposition to monopolies, in deriUntiaUon of public plunderer*, in all qf which TW was a good Democrat.

Skipping the anachronism, had anybody been, sb fOollsh to propose to,put a tariff on Scripture and oratory, to protect Phidias and Demosthenes from competition with the pauper sculptors and orators of Asia, I have mo dmbt he would have expressed himself in favor of free trade in arts andartisanry asemphatically as Democratic editors onght to do at all times and in all places if they hope to be true teachers of the. plainest lesson of political economy, of common honesty and common sense. He waa a brave dd editnr was Socrates, and acted In accordance with the prind

pie that

'tis man's perdition to be safe, Aif WH PCnUIWU IV WO naW| .j When for the troth he ought to am.

He.hidjil* Clean, too, as our uneiey had his Grant—both engaged In the leather and prunella trade, and both illustrating how the mean and.

6nly iu uuegnat that gnawed the lion. eve Sir. President, that the Press is tbe

night as she did a wolf on a certain memorable occasion, when it would be an affront on your understanding and on you recollection of the grand-

est of the early English classics to suppose you did not remember. Wo.uo not "To see the batter, my dear," bean oeular r.s well as ao oracular demonstration in answer to any inquiry as to the size of the eyes which afar-slguted and capable' journalist ought to have? A donkey has lon ears, to be sure, bnt if his aurio ilBr appeddages were as acute as they are m«u»ivi-, and he had the sense to wisely use all he hear.t, would be uot make an ideal reporter? and cou .d tie uot axake little Riding or Miss Hood, wmcbeyer she is, fairly blush redder for asking foolish ai question as to the size of an editor's ears? Can an editor's Bose for news be too large or too well developed, provided always it has a decent appreciation of odors and knows when and where to sprinkle carbolic acid before uncorking bottled information? Tbis banquet helps )nt my halting allegory. Should she ask what makes an etUtor's mouth so big, I should answer With the vital aord in tbe epitaph of 81r CbrUtopber Wren,, orownlng the dome of his stateliest, tsdiflce—(Jiroumspice. Look around this erstwhile groaning board and take your answer

Sit down, ob, dimluutive, searlet. bounetted equestrienne in life's earliest Intellectual ctrcns, and sup with us. Tbis is no Pploajiua least. At this banquet we eat—are not eaten You are in no danger. Appearances are deceptive. These, are not wolves nor the more rapacious Republicans. They are' mild-mannered Democratic editors. Besides, fair a« you are, here is, or rather was, food for argument more to our liking, and good digestion now waits on appetite. Our' mouths are big, but there is not ona of us all—and in tbis I am sure I speak for all my brethrenthere is not one of us all who doek not wish bis mouth was bigger, that It might nearer match thi3 large and bouuteous hospitality of our lavish hosts

The sixth twist, The Dignity of Labor," was responded to by Hon. J. B. Stotl, of Legonier, as follows:

To the dignity, of labor we owe thei origin ot Republican Institutions iu the land. I It was labor dignified labor which enculoated into the minds of the pioneer and founders of the Go\jernment that freeaou of though and action which we enjoy. Gentlemen, let me say to you that the press of this State, in honor of whloh this banquet has been prepared, can contribute largely to bring about au appreciation of the dignity of labor. An editor wbo is himself lazy is unfaithful to the post to which he has voluntarily [or involuntarily been assigned. I can say nothing better In conclusion than to express a hope that my Demtt cratic brethren WU1 devote themselves to the publication of pure, noble and.patriotic sentiments. Let us devote our energies and abilities to the cultivation oi the«e sentiments, which are best calculated to lmpjove society and! stimulate itf the public mind the principles of truth, justice,' honor and good faith. If we doihjls I dare say that the era of corruption, which has-been inaugurated. and which has contributed so largelv to the enslavement, of tbe laboring classes, will d0 shocked.

The seventh toast, "The German ,Ifftss," was responded to by Hon.- Adoljph. Seidensticker of Indianapolis, as follows:

A little over twenty-nine years agol I' came to your city to become tne editorial manager- of one of oneof the two German newspapers which were then in existence in the State Of Indiana. Two months afteir thattime andther paperi was- started in this city, which bedame the third German paper in the State, tvhen a storm burst over our heads which was directed against tb|e1 rights of man. We met that storm to the best- of our ability. There were but three of Us, but I assure you, gedtlemen,' we Were exti-emeiv lively, we found ih that flgh!t the Democratic party to be the bulwark Of liberty: it WM natural lor us toendeavor to bring the German citizens df the state luto the ranks of that party, and Wei were snocessfblln that attempt. The tesiSlanfce rendered by the decisioii or Judge Perkins Mil,be• remembered by the Germans of the State. We n|w have five daily German papefs and jtweuty-otie weekly papers besides. Whenever the^ame qnestion comeS np agaiti the German ptessof the State will again take and defend its ttme»honored position.

The eighth' tdhit,: "The yo^'hg Democracy,"' was assigned for a response to 'Eli Marvin, Esqj, of Frankfort, Imt He was not present, but the. following aodreaa was presented by Colonel j. B. May hard, not read, b^it the aniipuncemetit was. made that it would appear in -the printed reports. Mr. Marvin telegraphed his salutation—"Three oheers and a tiger to the Detnocratjc editors and the yottng Democracy

MR. PBKSIPKNTHI am hot unmlnafi that in respoudibg' to the sentiment upoh thiH occasloh—"^^ Young De have the privilege PI bringlug into HO hence, and to the hotjo

,ce of d&l'ihguishbd gentle-

meht prcs0nt, an element, both iu our State and National politics, w'hose power is an|importaut factor lh eyery Campaign.

For this klbdly 1 ecognltloh there Is at a young Democrat in Indiana but what will le^l complfniented, and while'it will not, we tr ist,'-make them Vain, hor lfead thfem to think the: are best, because like the Biblical wine, they a left till tht. last, We hope their z^&l for the sue cess of our CaUae will be strengthened and their f^i tb in our doetriues renewed.

It has been apart Of t^e policy of th Republican party since it first came intb power to capture the youiig men Of the country ,upon reaching their majority, and bring them, into leir.party fold.' ,.

Tbe inducemeht was held out that, ju it starting In lift with the future all before, them in whlcn to make a record as good and law abiding citizens, they should ally themselves »rith that party that was in favor of a government which favi iredequal rights to all men, aud would. otect the interests 6f the weak' as /well as tbe strong, and Which wis the champion of jducation and religion, and would f»e, s. a "dir chet" to their argument the supposed fact tbi all col lege' pTofeSsorS Sfijd. chool, teaphers are Republicans, and that they have a .r«t mortgage on the entire relfglHus world, from tne fact arHhey would state'it-pwbile their party is not fcompos^d

entirely of ministers of tlje Gospel, all such' are adherents of thelrpolilical faiih, The^ ulll appeal to tbe patriotism ef young men and then fight the War of tbe Rebellion all. over agalti—of army composed ell ttiem that all

course, With, the en of Reputflittp'soldieirs, andi te rebels were Democrats.

I have no dotibt, gentlem^u, but what thouSandsof the first ballots of young me of this country are' cast with the Republican party by the persistent use of theseja^d other, eq tally fUllaciotis arguments in the mouths, of ntin who make it their busiuess tb Use them. te Industry that' displayed, by the dominant party to thus add to their strength Is Worthy Kf more facts than they hate got to sustaln them-. Th« vantage ground they occupy toes npt ,9f ^Igbt eldng td tbem. Instead of being a party, who iard the rights of the weak eiqttally with the itrong/a thonsand gigantic- monopolies bave spring into existeace and. grows: .up nnder u» rotating care of their class legislation, instead of being .the only.'friend of education, the COnunon School system of Indiana, with the magnificent fnad for its HUpfkrt, is an fvideoM' of what tbe Democratic party has done fcireducacatlon here,.and is clearly Indicative It which side of the fence it occupies ,on" that iuestion everywhere, and to say that all teachers, belong to the^ Republican partv is as' Ibdici'oui as ht is untrue, ^either do the ^htirch kad' the clergy belong to tbem, porto any pafty^'Uhssre for both. 1

A principle can not be, effected, or.changsd. This, or any other free government, is touaded upoo Democratic principles. ^The doctrine that all men are created free and equal, ana jthatall should stand ..so before •-ttfej law, is one upqn which the Democratle party isfounded: in fact, Democracy and^reekovernmmit are synonym us. The American union and the Democratic party are therefore one |iod th« same in Drinciple.' Men may itmitute a rebellion atul try tq-ilscnumce' tbp Union* and do this too ln the name and uoder the guise ot Deniocraoy, but they can not be Demooraw, for the moment* mad becomes a dUuifibblst, that monient he ceases to be a Democrat if be evef wafer shOt*/ although be may disclaim any stttb lnteuticm.

You will paraop a young

lemoorars

4iUll

siihool at which hnmacity learns to its most va*" thin* tha .nable lessons. It is the real mirror held up to young Democracy" are I Natnre at which Vice may see her own,figure sail. *?•'.

Virtuo her own form. It is the comprenens'^^ufi and coitions chronicle of the times luas the-, £rud l«ds ever world's forum at which each m*v read "d notrte^itisenship. thoughts aud become possessed of the wisdom of vJl!««Cfl,^0nei?ln.g^.Plore

allTtbe worU'sexchange, where all the prdncts gmefsi JOT it i? .^?un,try, thought are exposed the battle-ground cJ the J°L.«

world's opinirwte,. where is waged a ceaselt-s .»n- mitted to itv-hn 5?. flict of ideas, and where the truth, purged of ail Thawsrv to-da dress, must always come uppermost.^Tfle editors d^'f^L^theTin^\?«t^,^nLi^X,rTw^. are sealous particpan ts in this confict—prfvatea. iaaottTprompted Guiteau perhaps some Ueuteaants or Qaptains, o* bm .taM. theater,be

ao* meAas-

In regard to the issues add' tbe

of thelaot tgned me ftracf"—f: ,pr0ml-

however,

for presuming to expound tbe. nrinalples ofthe "grand old party"— that,, rather belongs to ?4 We fkthert: and the ranks are ..ffull fef "'ndbie"

sires

«bnt sQme may I feel like 'theyourfg men »«e land donot get t^ese pnpeipies rightly before tbem Of, asl nave before intimated, allow themselves to be persuaded that they are espouse by the wrong party. By tbis I would not bave you

woods

th.aa

b*la

chanieS, manufacturing, mining, merchandlslni the learned pmfewionj—all with their varied partments, open up a«saues through which tbe may walk to success and even greatness. Ta pres, a»lsted by the. eleotric fluid of mattei brings them lij daily n'aet with the civilise people' of ill Hnds ai.d the sovereignty of on rausenship makes them kings in their ow oountry. Gentlemen., you may say that this 1 young America, but itismy idea of "the youu_. Democracy, aud prompted to action by thl nineteenth eeUtury spirit, they send greetings the sco es of Democratic editors here to-nigh through their respective papers," to the youn "Jen, of Indiana who "will cast their first ballot this fall, and ask them to join With them in su port of the Democratic ticket and the purity the-balloM-ox, whenit wlll.be Mdeed to them year of inbilee ....... &. ,•

The speeches were all received with grea applause. The nexr, wing in order wss read ing letters received from distinguishe Demoorats: i-

WASHiNGnttow, D. Ofi June 37,1882.

Hon. J.-E. McDonald: MY DRAR SIR—(Jp to this late hbur I thought I might be possible for me to attend the moaflng the Democratic Editotial Association of Indian ou the 29th inst. To my great regret, however, find that the pressure of business in the Senate incident to the approaching close of the seaslor Is such that I can UGt be absent at this time with out neglect of my public duties.

At no time in the history of this oountry was ever more important than now for the frienda tbe Democratic party to take earnest, frank an wise Counsel together. All the appearanoea a this time indicate the speedy return of that parr to th» control of the National Government. Witf amojuiityof the people of the United States! its favor, and with the laboring classes espedall enlisted in Us support against the special pri lieges of unfair and unjust legislation, it is onl necessary for the Democratic party to be tru to its traditions as the pnrty of th people, true t6 lu principles enunciated br Jefforson. atfd Jackson, In ord to be entrusted again, at ah early period, with th administration of Feueral affalnj It should be' future as it has been in tJUo past devoted to ao interests of thote who toil in the fields, in th workshops, in the manufactories, arf wqll as 'all the chautieis of active busiuess it shoul neve? falter th l's ftuclosit lalth In the natun rights of man, in his capacity forself-governmen and in the equality of all in the eye of vhe law nor should it ever hesitate to be known as it wa in the days of fts greatest glory, as the "p sive Democracy." keeping time to the maren events, and applying its immutable principles the progress and constant development of a va* and ghjwiug Cottf try. There ate duties to perfou as well as creeds tJ proclaiin, and the Democrat! party should stand ready to take a bold, earne* aud active part in the advancement of ever material Inter st of tbe people of State and Natior If tbi^ course is pursued by ail constitution methods the party to which you aud 1 beloc will soon be gmnted by the American people long lease bf power.

A glance at the condition of tbe Republioa party increases my cnntlience iu this prediotlo Th at. noe powerful political organization seems have ended its career as a united party. It is ran lu twain. There is no eye so blind as not to that tt is torn asunder in two implacable factio However mucn skin and ability may displayed ,,by the present Executive, it wil nut. be within bis nower 'u reooncil the angry audcontendlng foroes. Tbe Repu lican party is breaking to pkacea from too long .lesse of power andi coupe)uut oorruptlon, fro internal feuds growing .out of the division spoils, and Irqm the want of any great Natio~ purpose governing its Cocddetalikein the Nort and in. the South, the same In Virginia as in Ne Yoik or New Knxland.. We alsosee that.party I1 this quiet year ul poltties resorting to meth which indicate a (shameless desperation an alarm. The assessment tor political purposes Government employes is again going on, apd h~ been dragged to light A Congressional Com mlttee, headed-by Senatomand members, lsgoin through, tbe.uepartmeuts levying tribute ou tb clerka, some of whom are wounded soi diers and the widows ef the dead for the support- of tie.' tittering fortune ,of the Republican rarty. This te aa unseeml spectacle, and indicates widespread deouy, no merely of political, morality, outj of politica strehgth. Such pactioeaare enly consistent wit tbecorrupt use of money at tbe polls, and of thl use ofmouey the Republican party feels the nec essity in order to defeat tae wfll«rtte people an retain power. iu 1.. f.

!idicess

of tt

Democratic party in eur own' Stit(e, leel a des and active interest '1 With' phiaelrt,' 'oounsols can, not fall in the fnture. The locU issue th year of pnhlbitiott embraces' nibre ,tban woul appear at flrac t^!»rtght. It not Orily contempla the 'ionft«catin qf property aid the destrucuo of vested rights, but lit asSafIs th^ lUherept righ of mau to thins and act for htmsel and to-' govern himself In mode of llvlbgr in' what ho sb eat, drinkand wear, and in all tqdse perso habits of'life which violate nO liW and infr" up«m.none of the rights Of dtberS. There is region of thought and action1at' thM boiut whi municipal law lids no right to fnvade. The Dem oorattc party of IndUtna resorts at this time ton new dootrlne on tbls.subjecn It* ha% always posed sumptuary l^islutlon as it does now. has favored Judicious laws regulating the maan facture and sale bf spirituous and malt liquor: but not ptrthfbitlon, and it nivet win. I am no insensible to the evils of ih temperance, but the' are to be mitigated' ahd controlled by practi' me art,d not by a resort to taeasures w" «re plainly unconstitutional, la oben :vlolation personal rights and impossible of SxeO^lon. ,1 see that much is said in regard to the sn mission of the prohibitory amendment to a vot of the people. It is an axiom of. Democracy th* the people have the righ1 to vote on the law which govern them, either in, electing, their Lea islators, or. in someltutauces, in voting directl upon measures specially submitted. In tho pre ent instance there is 90 trouble lu observing tht tihie-hohored rule, and In giving ,to tbe people Indiana 6very opportunity ever enjoyed by a frc pebple to pass upon the amendments buder 001 slderatlon. The Constitution of Indicia mak all the necessary prpvisions ou this point, and we have to do is to observe and cany' .them out By that instrument our Legislature.!* authorise to propose to the people an, amendment to the! Constitution.' This has been,done in ..our State and that pfoposltion to amend is .aow Mudlti before the people. They, .uaie full advited find know all about it.. They wit vOte directly, distinctly, and unequitroo^ly ot that questfou In the election,of a. liegtslature November next. The position of every tnembe chosen will be known,dlscuwjed and decided npo by tbe voteri at the polls. Who but one wlUuil bllhd can fall to see that tbla is an abselnte au exrflKttt euhmisrfon of the qj^estioa oi. prohibitloi to a popular decision/ If the Legislature cboser in November shall be in favec of ptohibitio and agree to ratify, tbe propcfted amendment then tnO measure Is required by ttie censtitntio tube a second time submitted to a vpte at th ballot-box. If, bow^yer, .sucib. Legislature shal not Sb ratify the proposed amendment It will fal to tbe ground, any otber attempted legislation whi^h nas failed for tbe want ol populair approve ami support,, That Is all there 1 of the quesuqa ef abbmisslo to a popular Vote, as understand it. We bav simply to obey bur owp Constitution on tbis sni ject, and pursue me( Steps it points out and 00 mauds. We can do? neither more nor leu tha this lf we dpt(ired to, and 1 am sure the Dem, racy of Indiana is not disposed to violate that ii strUment as^th.e Republican party has done a etery favorable opportunity.'

This Is a longer letter tnan I intended, and pet haps you will think il longe** than it ought to but such as it is. it contains my convictious an principles, hastily written Under not the most t~ vorabfe circumstances. Ton are at liberty to it asyou deem best. ,Please present my Itindest recard^j'and bes wishes-to tbe Edit'ria. Associauin, nersonall and collectively, scud say thsil hope twee sew smd November to take each one of^bem fc the hand. am, As e»er, Very MtMu)ly you trlea^ ft. W, YOOKHKSS. .. .. »i.. .*• I t^"i

Aftefresding^f' the W Hi D. Htmter offeml rwla uon than Kin the DemO^rate, of, Tnidiari^olia for tbe m» hificQpt bauquetando then courteous trea menio£ tbe -advto*^ 'the Stiggestio of the President of the evening, the ba quet ended with three cheers for the mocracy of Indians.