Terre Haute Weekly Gazette, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 20 October 1881 — Page 2
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YORKTOWN'S CENTENNIAL
The Closing Siege of the Revolution, and the Surrender of Cornwallis
Details of Washington's Masterly Maneuver—"The World Turned Upside Down."
THE MONUMENT.
Nearly 100 yours have elapsed sine llie (JonUncutnl Congress joyfully voted 1o erect monument on tlie iield whore the last and the decisive blow was struck for American independence. It. was on October 23. 1781, that the resolution was adopted pledging the D'jvv Nation this net Tliu new* of Cornwallis's surrender had reached Philadelphia the nignt before, almost a week after the occurrence. Great, was the rejoicing thereat, and although it was near midnight when the courier arrived, not many minutes elapsed before the entire city knew the glad tidings.
When Congress met, its president, Thomas Mclveati, read the dispatches from General Washington, and then the members derided to march in a body to the nearest church and return thanks to the Almighty. After that the resolution lor the building of the monument was passed. The subsequent financial difficulties of Hie new government led to the silent neglect of the projcct. and when money was more plentiful it was entirely
lorgotten. The approach of the centenary of the important victory led to the appropriation of $140,000, wherewith to redeem the pledge made so long ago.
On the 19th of October, next Wednesday, the monument will be unveiled on the Yorktown battlefield. This is the centennial anniversary of the surrender of 8,000 British troops tc the allied French and American forces, an arrangements have been made on a scale worthy of the occasion by the joint commission appointed by bol'h branches ot Congress and the committee acting as the representatives of tha various States of the Union. It will not. only be a national affair,for another nation shaves with us in the glory of achievements, and Frnnce willbc fitly repressed both by delegates from its government and by thousands of her citizens who will cross the Atlantic to do honor to the great event which it commemorates. The celebration is to begin several days earlier, and the festi\ities are to be prolonged for a full week. Military delegations from various parts of the country will undoubtedly be the most magnificent seen in ihe South for many a day.
The siege of Yorktown and ito result has been aptly termed the great surprise of the American revolution. Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga was not unexpected. His march from Car ada through New York to the Hudson was a wild enterprise at best, and its utter failure did not much astonish either friends or foes Quite different was Cornwall's grand overthrow in that northeastern corner of Virginia. He had gained the reputation of being the ablest British commander Uie war had produced. His conquest of the Carolinas had shown him to be both daring and cautious. Lafayette had given him the name of "the terrible Britisher who made no mistakes," and both Generals Greene and Gates, who had commanded the American forces opposed to him, had acknowledged his skill as a leader. How, then, did it come to pass that he allowed himself to be caught like
HI
111
trap
The answer to this question has puzzled historians not a little, and the acrimonious correspondence concerning it which in after years passed between Cornwallis and Sir Henry Clinton, his then chief, rather obscures than illuminates the subject. Three years and a half after the beginning of the armed resistoxxn trk tim Rritinh dominations, the efance to the British dominations, t,h fort to overcome that resistance at the North was confessedly a failure. Although the efforts of the combined American and French forces to drive the English from Rhode Island in the previous August had proved unsucccsslul, the
close of 1778 saw the American cause far the stronger than at any time during tb 2 outbreak of actual hostilities. It was therefore dccided to try another plan than hat hitherto pursued by the British. The war was to be transferred to the South in the hope that after Georgia, the Carolinas and Virginia had been subdued, the Middle and New England States could be more easily handled. An army and fleet were dispatched to Savannah, and afterward another one to Charleston, and in both places success crowned the movement. Cornwallis's operations in South Carolina followed, and Tarleton's troopers ravaged both Status. Successive generals who had been sent by Congress to oppose Conwallis were deteated, and als though King's Mountain and Cowpengare the Americans hope, the outlook, at the South (specially, was dark in the spring of 1781. The battle of Guilford Court-house was fought in March, and was almost a necessary antecedent to Yorktown It was a British victory, but it was bought deirly, and it led Cornwal. lis to decide that before the more southerly states could be thoroughly subjugated Virginia would have to be conquered Hence the march northward in Mav—a march which his superior at New York, Sir Heniy Clinton, did not approve of however.
Before Cornwallis arrived in Virginia, Sir Henry Clinton had sent two expeditions to ravage the coast. To oppose them Washington had dispatched Lafayette with 1,200 men. On May 20, 1781. Cornwallis arrived at Petersburg from Washington, urid tlx.re the expeditionary forces were jorned to his own thus giving him a body of 5,000 veteran troops where with to operate in the state. Lafayette retreated before him withoutjfigliting an engagement, to North Anna, where Cornwallis turned southwest and made for the Upper James river, there to cover a cavalry raid upon some stores at the Point of Fork, which Steuben was guarding with some 500 militia. In the meantime Lafayette had received reinforce ments in the shape of 1,000 Pennsylvania infantry under Wayne's command. He followed Cornwallis, and prevented any further destruction of stores. Steuben's troops were joined to his own, and Cornwall^ went to Richmond. He did not remain there long, though, but moved to Williamsburg, closely watched all the time by Lafayette.
Exactly why Cornwallis went to the extreme corner of the peninsula it is difficult to understand. It was not because he could not hold his own elswhere for Ins troops greatly outnumbered those of Lafayette. Presumably he intended to await further developments, and to mature his plan for completely subjecting Virginia. Whatever his intentions were he was given no opportunity to carry them out. At Williamsburg he found orders from Sir Henry Clinton to send 3,000 of his men North, and to establish a defensive post on the coast. Before the troops had actually beeu embarked another order allowed him to keep them, and told him definitely to fortify Old Point Comfort as a basis for future naval operat ons. lie found that the Point could not be defended, and pushed on to Yorktown, where he began throwing up fortifications. This was in the first week of August 1781.
Sir Henry Clinton's orders were the result of the juuctiou o! the American and French armies and the consequent threatening aspect of affairs around New York. The allied army was at least a match for he British stationed around New York, he capture of which city was generally supposed to be its object. When Washington. however, heard that Cornwallis was entrenching himself on the Virginia peninsula, he began to entertain a scheme for a movement southward. This scheme was adopted when it was learned that the Count de Grasse, commander of the French fleet, then in the West Indies, would fail no further north than Chesapeake bay.
It was late ia August when by a dexterous faint, Sir Henry Clinton was deceived about the real plan of campaign adopted by the allies. The Americans and French were far on their way to Virginia when the British commander discovered the truth It. was too late to pursue the allies by land, and the only alternative was to send reinforcements to Corn-* wallisbysea. This would take time, however.
Washington reached Lafayette's camp at Williamsburg on September 14. De Grasse anil the French fleet and 3.000 French troops that De Grasse fiad embarked in the West Indies were already there. Washington's arrival wasj made the occasion of "great rejoiciog, which lasted until late at night. The troops from the vicinity ot New York arrived a few days later, being taken down the Chesapeake Bay in transports, while Washington and Ilochambeau had come overland, in order to visit Mount Vernon, which its owner had not seen for six years.
Cornwallis did not find Yorktown a very strong position. He threw up earthworks, which were protected on the right by a deep ravine and on the left by Wormsley creek. It was on the irorniug ot September 28 that the allied French and American army moved forward from Williamsburg to the investment ot Yorktown. It was a ma-ch of eleven miles, and was made without any incident worth noting. At night the. troops encamped within a mile and a half of the enemy's position, and the lollowing mcrning they advanced still nearer, and had several skirmishes. C'-ornwallis now evacuated his outworks, much to the surprise of the allies, but. as he claimed, in consequence of information from Sir Heniy Clinton that reinforcements would be sent on October 5—information whieh determined him to save all his strength until they arrived.
The allied army nbw begah a'fegtilar siege. The French took possession on the left from the river and the Americans ou the right, thus forming a semi-circle. The American wing consisted of the divisions of the two brigades each of Continentals—and of the 4,000 Virginia militia. The division commanders were Lincoln, Lafayctfc and Steuben. Lafayette's division held the extreme right of the line Muhlenberg commanded the first brigade. General "Hazen the second. Steubeu's britradies were Wavno, Gist and Lincoln, James Clinton and Dayton. The French contingent consisted of seven regiments, called by the names of Bourbonnais, Deux pouts, Soissouais, Saitogne, Agenois, Touraine and Gatenois, divided R'to three brigades, commanded by Viomenil, and Marquis St. Simon This with the artilery, comprised the besieging force, numbering all told alxut 16,000 men—7,000 French and 9,000 Ameri-
cau. The French fleet lying in the hail»or numbered thirty-seven sails. Washington established his headquarters about the middle of the investing liDe, two and a half miles back from the entrenchments. The first week of October was taken up entirely with the making of the necessary appliances used in siege works On the evening of the 6th of the month the operations began in earnest however. Digging was kept up all night, and by daylight a good-sized trench had been excavated. From this time on the life of the besiegtd was not a pleasant one. The fire of the besiegers was so well directed Ihf by the 13th the British guns were nearly all silenced. Cornwallis had established bis headquarters in the fine mansion of Mr. Nelson, formerly Secretary of Virginia, but he left it on the 10th, and the story goes that be songht refuge in what is still called "Cornwallis's cave." Lafayette's headquarters were on the left of his line and not far from the road to Hampton.
The m*)st heroic fighting of the siege was seen on the night of October It. Then were two outer redoubts held by the British near the river, and these it was decided to take by storm. About 400 men w- re told off from Lafayette's divihion to :.-.ke one of these, and an equal number from the French regiments of Gatenois and Deuxponts to take the other. It was bravely done on both, sides in less than half an hour, and now the British position was practically untenable. A sortie was made, for the purpose of destroying some unfinished battertcs, but it failed of its object, and Cornwallis realized his extreme danger. He tried, on the night of the 16th, to giiu the opposite side of the river, but a storm which came on at midnight frustrated his design.
At last, at 10 o'clock ou the morning o!' the 27th, a red-coated drummer sounded a parley, and an officer who accompanied liini waved a white handkerchief. The oflicer was met and blindfolded, and conducted to the rear of the Americau linen. His message from Cornwallis was that hostilities be suspended for twenty-four hours, and commissioners appointed to arrange the terms of surrender. Wash ington's reply wis that he would rather have the British commander's proposals in writing first and to secure them agreed to cease firing for two hours. Before the two hours had expired Cornwallis had offered to capitulate on condition that his troops be sent back to England under parole not to serve again during the wa against either France or America, unless they were regularly exchanged. This was rejected at once, and the messenger seni back with Washington's ultimatum that the British army be surrendered as the Americans surrendered at Charleston in the previous year. Corn-vallis acceded to this and the next day, the 18th, the commissioners met to formally ratify the terms.ijfcThis meeting was held in the Moore house, on the back of the Y«rk river, a short distance behind the American lines. The articles of surrender w^re fourteen in number, and were submilted to Cornwallis at daylight on the l!)'h, accompanied by a note fr»m Washington, intimating that he expected them to be signed before eleven o'clock, and that the troops would march out and lay down their arms at two in the afternoon.
Washington's request was complied with. At 2 o'clock sharp the army of Cornwallis'marched out. The march was along the Hampton road, on the right of which they found the Americans drawn up in their buff and blue uniforms rather the worse for wear, and on the left were the French in the clean white affected by th« armies of the Bourbon kings. The British had donned their best scarlet, and their bands played an old march called "The eWorld upside Down."
The next step was the grounding of arms by the surrendered troops. They marched the entire length of the FrancoAmerican line3—about a mile—to a field on the right, where a squadron of French huzzars had formed a circle into which each regiment marched and deposited their guns and accoutrements. In silencs they marched back to their own tents, and* American Independence had been achieved.
One
Hun rfd and Thirty-six Times Over. At New Orleans, on the 13th day of September, at the 130th Grand Monthly Drawing of The Louisiana State LotteryCompany, $30,000, the first capital prize, was won by ticket No 43,713, half held bv John Conners, an engineer ou the L. N., and Great Southern R. K., and collected for him through the Bank of Commerce, of Memphis, Tenn the other half held by Simon Silverman, of Indian Bay, Ark.% whose title to its ownership is disputed by Mrs. Emma Clarke, of the same place. $10,000. the eecond prize, by No. 83,657, collected on account of Mr. Hynes1 Waihen, through the First National Bank of Vincennes, Ind. Third, $5,000 drawn by No. 8,742, held by a worthty gentleman of Albany, N. Y., who is desirious of remaining unknown for personal reason. $2,200 drawn by No. 32,648, held by Mr. G. A. Print, of Cullman, Ala., and No. 56,771, halves of which were held by Emily Moir, No. 737 Myrtle Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., and E. J. Short, of Warsaw, Ind. There were many thousands of other lucky ones. Any one auxious to know about anything connected with the next drawing should write at oace to M. A- Dauphin, New Orleans. La., before November 8th, the day of the 138th drawing.
F. H. DRAKE, ESQ., Det.*oit, has recovered from a dreadful skin laiinor, which covered his head, face and hands, by using Cuticura Resolvent internally and Cuticura and Cuticura Soap externally. This is good news.
"MY tokmented back."
i3 the exclamation of more than one^Oor hard-working man and woman. Do vou know why it aches? It is because /our tidneys are over-tasked and need strength ening, and your system needs to be cleansed of bad humors. Kidney Wort is the medicine you need. "It acts like a charm," says a well known physician, "I never knew it to fail." Liquid or dry sola by Druggists.—[Boston PostJ
A Vierna journal contains this adver tisement: "Wanted—A professor, to come twi«%e a week to the house of a noble family, in order to retorm the pronunciation of a parrot."
A WEDDING FEE.
How very dark and stormy it was on that March evening! The doors and windows kept up a perpetual rattle violent gusts of wind, dashes of rain now and then beat against the house, as if bound to seek shelter therein.
Little Bobbie was sound asleep in hi« crib and the minister and his wife were spending the evening together in the cosy sitting room. The hour of retiring had come, and while Mrs. Watson was bustling about, picking up and adjusting the numberless corners which nobody but a careful housewife can ever see or think of, there came a violent ring at the bell. "Mercy!" exclaimed Mrs. Watson, "somebody must be dying or dead. What a dreadful night for you to go out in!"
Mr. Watson opened the door anti peeped into the darkness. Not a human being could he see or hear. A few seconds passed, when a loud, gruff voice was heard, asking:
Can you splice us to-night?" For an instant the minister was confused, not being accustomed to the use of that natural term in relation to the duties of. his profession. A second thought, however, made clear to him the possibility that splicing might be within the limits of his particular province and so raising his voice above the storm, he replied:
If you mean to ask me, sir, to marry you, I shall be happy to perform the ceremony. Is the lady with you?"
Ha, ha! that's a good one Sara Ann, you mean? Don't suppose I'd come to get the knot tied without her, do ye! No, sir, she's right here in the cart." ..
Mr. Watson need not have stepped back to inform his wife of the great event which was to take place, for she had heard all the conversation, and was using her utmost endeavors to expel the laugh from her countenahce before the happy pair appeared.
It must be confessed that the sight of the couple was not conducive to gravity. They had passed a good while since the bloom of youth, and made no special effort to conceal the fact. Both had evidently come directly from their work, ivhich, indeed, the gentleman proceeded t.c intimate.
Fact is, parson, 'tis rather a bad night outside, and Isays to Sara, 'What's the use let's not fix up a bit, but go just as we are. The knot'll hold just as well as if we had our best bib and tucker. And besides, parson, we want to take the old folks by surprise, and they'd be sure to 'spect something if we'd gone to work and put on all the riggin's." Mrs. Watson was glad of this opportunity to smile, and promptly improved it. What would she not have given for the privilege of a good, hearty laugh!
The brief ceremony concluded, Mr. and Mrs. Watson extended their congratulations.
Thar," broke in the newiy married man, "is the ticket: guess you'll find it O. K. Now Sara, let's be goin'. Plaugey tough ride before us. Good bye ma'am. Much obliged for the job. Hope to do as much for you sometime."
The cart rattled away, and Mrs. Watson, into whose hands the husband had delivered the certificate, made haste to open it, thinking that, after all, it wasn't best to judge people by the outside, and that the strange man might nave done something in the way of a fee. There it was! A bill! Yes, and upon it the magnificent figure of one dollar?
Well, I do declare," shouted Mrs. Watson, isn't this too mean for anything? Shame on that man he don't deserve to be married."
Now, my dear," said the minister, you should not be too hard, for I think you had at least one dollar's worth of enjoyment out of the occasion." "Yes, sir and I noticed somebody who seemed to keep from laughter.'
Next day little Bobby's shoes were bought with the wedding fee, the minister's clothes were brushed and cleaned for the hundredth time, and the good lady, by dint of extraordinary manage* meet made the old dress answer an excellent purpose. *Aie spring passed away, and the summer in all its beautiful bloom and abundant fruitfulness came on. The wedding on the stormy night had almost passed form the minds of the minister and hi^ wife albeit, now and then she would break out in a laugh and ask her husband if he didn't think it was nearly time for him to splice another couple. One day as the happy little family were eating their dinner, and just as the p«* ents were feeling uncommonly proud of some smart thing little Robby had said, there came just such another ringing of the bell as that heard on the stormy night. ,r...••. iy«M it-'pfr
Well, there." said Mrs. Watson, "one would think for ali the world the splice man had come again."
Before the minister could reach the door it was opened, and astonishing to relate, there stood the identical hero of the wedding occasion. "Afternoon, parson, and ma'am hain't forgot me. have ve? 'Member that job you did for meflast spring*
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Never did anything better in that line, bet yotur life. Didn't know how it would tarn out. Gettin' married is kiuder risky, anyhow. But you won't find a nappier pair this side o' Canaan, tnat's sure. And so I thought 'twas 'bout time I brought along the rest of the fee. Where'll you have these things, parson
The minister went to the door, and there was the cart literally loaded with truit and vegetables of every description Such a store was never "before brought into that house-1
Oh, don't trouble yourselves 'bout thanking for these," said the man. Nothing but a fair trade, you know. But if you must thank somebody, thank Sara Ann. The garden sass is from her. She rather thought 'twould relish this hot weather. Very hot and dry, pastor, this season. Been 'specting the crops wouldn't 'mount to nothing, but they is gitting on fust rate. The Lord generally brings things round 'bout right, I notice. Don't go much on the churches, and plaugey little on some of its members, but you don't catch me going back on the Lord. Was tellin' Sara only last week that we must go over and hear you preach some pleasant Sunday. S'pose you give them the ra'al Bible religion, don't you? That's what all say they do anyhow."
The minister and his wife had but little opportunity to utter a word, their friend was so talkative but they would insist upon expressing their warmest thanks to him and Sara Ann'' for the truly generous donation.
After the store had been deposited in the house, the man took the minister by the hand, leaving in it a bill saying:
That's my part of the fee thank Sara Ann for the sass." And then jumping into the wagon he drove away.
The minister unfolded the bill, and lo! its value was twenty dollars! Mrs. Watson clapped her hands, and fairly shouted for joy. The needed dress and pants were bought and to this day there is no story which the minister and his wife love so well to tell as that of Ths Wedding Fee."
Womtn'a Dmi-The Stories It Tells, That He Who Bans May i*' ••. Read.
From a woman's bonnet to her shoes there is not a single portion of her toilet which is not a confession, says the Parisian riches or poverty changes nothing in this fact.
A washerwoman's little cap expresses all her thoughts in the same way in which a banker's wife's bonnet with its feathers proclaims all her ambitions.
1
A look may lie, a smile may be perfidious, but dress never deceives. Generally ridiculous toilets, historical trimmings, puffs, conspicuous head-dresses, and bunches of feathers and rosettes scattered profusely over a dress, announce great amiability of character, and even generosity women who are untastefullj dressed in this wav rarely have bad natures. And, for the same reason, women who really have bad natures are never ridiculous.
Beware of women who always, and for no apparent cauSe, wear yellow dresses bound with red, or lilac dresses mixed with green, or blue dresses trimmed with black they are artful women who do uot dare to confess that they are intensely fond of dress. Beware of them, especially if they are not pretty, for they conceal numberless ambitions they are hypocritical coquettes, who do not understand joking. Tell them quickly that their dress is charming—they will never forgive you for not having remarked it. Do not tell them twice that you love them—they will want to believe you.
Beware of those women who wear, high-necked dresses, and who make a parade of severe modesty—they are full of pride and jealsousy. They have natures of iron and passions of fire. Nothing escapes their eyes, which they always keep cast down.
Beware of women who wear tragical gowns, and who have their heads dressed after a certain type with improvised turbans such women are possessed with an intense desire for producing effects this caprice carries them to extremes, and when they have exhausted all allowable means for so doing, they will soon cease to make selections from this category, and Heaven only knows how far these drawing-room actresses will go!
Beware of women who, with moderate fortunes, possess magnificent diamonds. You do not know what it has cost them to arrive at this state of splendor! They deprive themselves of everything, in order to accomplish it
Dress is an art which can never be sufficiently studied there are those who declare it is only an accessory thing 1 But that is not in the least true-
a ,'1 vti' ir"ii wi [Rsckland Courier.]
Never," says a writer on etiquette severely, never take bits out of your mouth with your hand."
This remark would apply equally well to a horse, only a horse doesn't have any hand—except being several hands high. But what we started out to say was, that no true gentleman will disregard^ thi? warning. Much the better way is to blow the bits across the table at the other guests. This creates liveliness, which is an indispensable adjunct of successful meal. „l -v.
LONG MtlC.
He IiTeth lone who Kveth well, All other life is short and vain He liveth longest who can tell
Of living most tor heavealy gain.
He lireth long who liveth well, All else is being flung away Jle liveth longest who can tell
Of true things truly done each day.
y.
SSI
sail
PYEMIA
Or Blood Poiianing, which Besmlts in Absceuer, Ulcers, Sores, Carbuncles, Boils and Itching Humors, Cured. FEVER SORE.
What I tttll youii other purpose bat to testifV to the merits ot
What I tttll you is Ihe fruth/fold for uo _:her purpose but to testify to the merits ot the Cuticura Remedies. Mr. Frederick Y%aton, of this town, has Iwn troubled for years with a Fever Sore on oue of his legs. Last fail and aft winter he could hordl.v walk a step. I induced him to take your Retnsdie*. He has taken about four Bottles of Cuticura Resolvent, and used the Outicura and CuUcura Soajp externally* His lee to-day Ib almost well, and ho walks with enso. it wait a sight tp behold—black, and swollen very badly, wish you could see his leg to-day. The change would nstonUh vou.
CHA8. H.TRIPl', Alfred, Me.
SALT
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Cr
GREAT BLOOD MfcDICINfS.
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The Cuticura treatment, for tlie cur* of stkln, scalp and blood tllscnNw, consists in the Internal use of Cuticura resolvent, the new blood purifier, ar.u the external use of Cuticura and Cuticura Soap, the great skin cures.
Price of Cuticura, small boxes. 50c large boxes, 11. Cuticura Resolvent, $1 per bottle. Cuticura Soap, 25c. Cuticura Shaving Soap, loo. Hold by all druggists.
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A S E N ID O O N IT O WIN A FORTUNE. ELEVENTH (.JRAND DISTRIBUTION CLASS L,, AT NEW ORLEANS, TUE8DAY, SOV, 8, 1881 138th
Monthly Drawing.
Louisiana State Lottery Company. Incorporated in 1868 for 25 years by the Legislature for Educational and Charitable purposes—with a capital of |l,OtiO,UOO—to which a reserve fund of over |420,u00 has since been added.
By an overwhelming popular vote its franchise was made a part of the present State Constitution adopted December 2d, A. D., 1879.
Its Grand Single Number Drawinff* will take place monthly. It never tcalca or postponrs, ,, Look at the following Distribution:
CAPITAL PKIZK, $30,000.
100,000 TICKETS AT TWO DOI.L.U13 EACH HALF-TICKETS, ONE DOI-UK. LIST OF PHIZES 1 Capital Prize 1 Capital Prize 1 Capital Prize 2 Prizes of $2,50u...
5 Prizes of ',000 20 Prizes of 500. 00 Prizes of 100 200 Prizes of 50 500 Prizes of 20 1600 Prizes of 10
f.'JO.OO 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 io,eoo 10,000 10,000
APPROXIMATION FK1ZKH.
fl Approximation Prizes of
1,800 900
200
*4 100
1857 Prizes,amountingto.. ..V: S110,400 Responsible corresponding agents wanted at all points, to whom liberul compensation will be paid.
For further information, write clearly, giving full address. Send orders by express or Registered Letter, or Money Order by mall, addressed only to 'i 1*1. A. DAUPHIN, ,-n New Orleans, La., or 1H. A. DAUPHIN, at
Ff*. 812 Broadwair, New Vork. All our Grand Extraordinary Drawing* art under the supervision and management ot GENERALS 6. T. BEAUREGARD and JUBALA. EARLY.
Notice to the Public.
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Pre*. Louisiana State, Lottery Co.
New Orleans, La., July 4,18tl.
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