Terre Haute Weekly Gazette, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 23 January 1879 — Page 4

:QRY OF DRUNKEN-

NESS.

ENGLISH 'ri

itho Indianapoila Sentinel. of drunkenness is said to have ire occurrence in England prior •r j«n of Elizabeth. But when a 1 her troops went over to the jhds to assist William of Orange ling the liberties of his country

*hilip II. of Spain, they there acjjnvival habits, which, on their Vere speedily spread over their d. Camden states, in his "Hisi^ieen Elizabeth," that "the Entheir long wars in the Netherrst learnt to drown themselves ^moderate drinking, and, by drinker's health, to impair their own. 'all the Northern na/they have been before iat commended for their sobriety." hie assertion had been made bv lash, in his "Pierce Penniless," jwas written at the very time when jty had begun to degrade and enShe people. "Superfluity in drink," iis writer, "is a sin that, ever since mixed ourselves with the Low Hes, is counted honorable but, beknew their lingering wars, was I that highest degree of hatred that be. Then, if we had seen a man lowing in the streets, or lie sleepder the board, we should have spat and warned all our friends out of mpany." aeli advances the opinion, ir. his on "Drinking Customs in Eu in the "Curiosities of Literature," 1 the terms of drinking which once Jed in England were of Dutch, or German origin. Thus the "halt seas over" he regards as borfrom the Dutch. The tetm or over sea, was given to a ying beer introduced into England the Low Countries, and, by an ransformation and expansidta, ran into the expression half-seas over, arly drunk. Rouse and carouse from the Danes—rouse being the of a large cup in which a health irank, and a carouse the act of ng by a company. 'as a"favorite notion with writers inkenness, in the time of Elizabeth, man in the different stages of intion exhibited the vicious qualities erent animals and in this notion Jisraeii fancies that the expression ar to the English, "drunk as a or "beastly drunk," has its origin, ag the writers cited in illustration of ea, a sketch of different classes of "tards is quoted from Nash, which is Ificietit interest to merit repeating [first is ape-drunk and he leaps and and hollows, and danceth for the fns. The second is lyon-drunk and jhgs the pots about the home, is the glass windows with his dagknd is apt to quarrel with any man peaks to him. Tlie third is swine heavy lumpish, and sleepy, and for a little more drink and a few cloths. The fourth is sheep-drunk ii his own conceit when he can not forth a right word. The fifth is in-drunk when a fellow will weep

Iduess in the midst of his drink, uss you. The sixth is drunk when a man is drunk, .and himsel sober era he stirs. The his goat-drunk when in drunkenfehath no mind but on lechery, jjhth is fox drunk when he isc affy as many of the Dutchmen may be, will never bargin but when they nk. All these species, and more, .seen practiced in one company at ing when I have been permitted ain sober amongst them only to eir several humors." le time of the Restoration, cxevery sort were at their height, ng and raking," says Green, "bene marks of a fine gentleman, and ^divines winked at the follies of

fellows,' who fought, gambled, 1 drank, and ended a day of de!ry by a night in the gutter." ale was the beverage of the peo ing, as Macaulay states, "not only beer now is, but all that wine, tea $ rdent spirits now are. It was .t great houses, or on great occasiat foreign drink was placed on the

iJ introduction of coffee in the latter |jf the seventeenth centvry had a -~i.- effect in diminishing the use of inticating drinks and inebriety the upper classes was, according „,lky, never quite so general, as bethe time of Elizabeth and the ution. "It is computed in 1688," ks the author, "that no less than ,ooo barrels (of still beer or ale) jrawed in England in a single year, the entire population probably xceeded 5,000,000. "*1695, with a somewhat heavier ex-

It sank to 11,350,000 barrels but then almost a third part of the le land of the kingdom was devoted srley. The English manufacture of LS was greatly extended by the proton in 1689 of the importation of km liquors. "It was not tiil about writes Lecky in his most graphic try of drunkenness in England, "that assion for gin-drinking appears to infected the masses of the pepula and it spread with the rapidity and snce of an epidemic. Small as is the which this fact occupies in English ry, it was probably, if we consider tie consequences that have flowed 1 it, the most momentous in that of eighteenth century—-incomparably 5 so than any event in the purely ical or military annals of the country. fatal passion for it was at once, irrevocably, planted in the nation. average of British spirits diswhich is said to have been only co gallons in 16S4, and 2,000,000 in had risen in 1727 to 3,601,000, and 5 to 85,394,000gallons. Physicians ed ihat in exeessiue gin-drinking a nd terrible source of mortality had pened for the poor. Re. of gin were accustomed to hang *nted boards announcing that their mers could be made drunk for a and dead drunk for two pence, -ould have straw for nothing and strewn with straw were accordprovided, into which those who lecome insensible were dragged, and they remained till they had suffilv recovered to renew their orgies." government finally interposed to nthe frightful prevalence of the

RRE HAUTE WEEKLY GAZETTE.

GOT THE HABIT

»n |ING DRUNK—THE GRADUAL PROGRESS.

evil. In 1736 a measure (act 9, George II., c. 23) imposing an enormous tax upon all salable liquors recited in the preamble that ''The drinking of spirituous liquorb.or strong waters, is become very common, especially among the people of lower and inferior rank—the constant and excessive use whereof tends greatly to the destruction of their healths, rendering them unfit for useful labor and business, debauching their morals and exciting them to perpetrate all manner of vices. In consequence of this tax the consumption of liquor fell for a brief space but in 1742 the prodoction, again increasing, amounted to 7,000,000 gallons. "In 1749," to return again to the narrative ot Lacky, "more than 4.000 persons were convicted of selling spirituous liquors without a license, and the number of private gin-shops within the bills of mortality was estimated at more than 17,000. At the same time, crime and immorality of every description were rapidly increasing. The London physicians stated in 1750 that there were, in and about the metropolis, no less than 14^000 cases of illness, most bf them beyond the reach of .medicine, directly attributed to gin."

By active and efficient legislation the evil was gradually subdued and it is observed by Lecjty that among the favorable results ensuing was the decrease of dropsy, which had risen in London to a wholly unprecedented point between 1718 and 1751, but now "immediately diminished, and the diminution was described by physicians to the marked decrease of drunkenness in the community'"

4?^ THE FIFTH PAIR.

THE NERVES MOST CLOSELY CONNECTED WITH THE MIND AND HEART. Dr. Leander Brunton writes as follows in the Contemporary Review There are two nerves, known as tne fifth pair, which are distributed to the skin of the head, and to the mucou9 membrane of the eyes, nose and mouth. These nerves are closely connected with the heart and vessels, and by stimulating their branches the circulation may be greatly influenced, as in the case of fainting. It is a curious fact that people of all nations are accustomed, when in any difficulty, to stimulate one or an other branch of the fifth nerve, and quicken their mental processes. Thus, some person, when puzzled, scratch their foreheads, and others stroke or pull their beards, thus stimulating the occipital, frontal or mental branches of these nerves. Many Germans, when thinking, have a habit of striking their fingers against their noses, and thus stimulating the nasal cutaneous bi anches while in this country some people stimulate the branches distributed to the mucous membrane of the nose by taking snuff. The late Lord Derby, when translating Homer, was accustomed to eat brandied cherries. One man will eat figs while composing a leading article another will suck chocolate cremes others will smoke cigarettes and others sip brandy and water. By these means they stimulate the lingual and vocal branches of the fifth nerves, and thus reflexly excite their brains. Alcohol appears to excite the circulation through the brain reflexly from the mouth, and to stimulate the heart reflexly from the stomach, even before it isabsorbed into the bloo^. Shortly after it has been swallowtd, however, it is absorbed from ths stomach, and passes from the stomach, and passes with the blood to the heart, to the brain, and to other parts of the nervous system, upon which it then begins to act directly.

Uuder its influence the heart beats more quickly, the blood circulates more freely, and thus the functional power of the various organs in the body is increased so that the brain may think more rapidly, the muscles act more powerfully and the stomach digest more easily. But, with this exception, the.effect of alcohol upon the nervous system may be described as one of prpgressive paralysis. The higher centers suffer first, and the judgment is probably the first quality to be impaired. One of the most esteemed novelists of the present day informs me that although he can take a great deal of wine witout its having any apparent effect on him, yet a single glass of sherry is enough to take the fine edge off ot his intellect. He is able to write easily and fluently in the evning, after taking dinrfer and drinking wine but what he then writes will not bear his own criticism next morning, although curiously enough, it may seem to him excellent at the time of writing. As the effect of alcohol progresses, judgment becomes still futher impaired, although the other faculties of the mind may remain, not only undiminished by the direct action of the alcohol upon the brain, but greatly increased by the general excitement of the circulation. The imagination may thus be more lively, and both, being more or less liberated from the control of the judgment, manifests themselves in sparkling wilt or withering invective. Sheridan is said to have delivered his greatest speech under the influence of two bottles of champagne, which he had swallowed at ,' tingle draught and persons of over cautions temperament and too reserved manner, the removal of the excessive resiraint under which they habitually act render them, for the time more sociable and agreeable. By and by however, the other parts of the nei vous system are successively weakened, the tongue stammers the vision becomes double, the legs fail and the man insensible. It is evident,then,that only the first stages of alchoholic action are at all beneficial, the later-stage being as clearly injurious.

A genuine Yankee in San Fracisco having bored a new-comer with every conceiveahle question relative to his object in visitng the gold country, his hopes, his means and his prospects, at length asked him if he had a family. "Yes, sir I have a wife and six children and I never saw one of them." After this reply the couple sat a few minutes in silence: then the interrogator again commenced: "Was you ever blind, sir?" "No, sir." Another interval of silence. "Did I understand you to say, sir, that yoa had a wife and six children living in New York and had never seen one of them?" "Yes, sir, I so stated it." Another and a longer pause. Then the interrogator again inquired. "How can it be, sir, that you. never saw one of them?" "Why," was the reply, "ene of them was born after I left"

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